背景：首次使用postfix測(cè)試收郵件，發(fā)郵件
環(huán)境：CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)粉怕，基于VMware Workstations Pro 15
標(biāo)簽：Postfix，Dovecot帘不，多實(shí)例
1娘赴，配置2個(gè)固定IP牲芋，多實(shí)例剑梳，1個(gè)IP對(duì)應(yīng)1個(gè)實(shí)例宣谈。192.168.101.8 和 192.168.101.9
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet" PROXY_METHOD="none" BROWSER_ONLY="no" BOOTPROTO="static" DEFROUTE="yes" IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no" IPV6INIT="yes" IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes" IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes" IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no" IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy" NAME="ens33" UUID="f6d40cce-367a-4349-9351-511a6235b342" DEVICE="ens33" ONBOOT="yes" IPADDR="192.168.101.8" IPADDR1="192.168.101.9" GATEWAY="192.168.101.1" NETMASK="255.255.255.0" DNS1="8.8.8.8"
2. 安裝Postfix愈犹，現(xiàn)在大部分的Linux系統(tǒng)都自帶Postfix，無(wú)需安裝闻丑，這里直接進(jìn)行配置
vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
#接受外部郵件需要更改為
inet_interfaces = all
#加上自己的郵箱域名 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, bytedance.shop
#郵件存放目錄
home_mailbox = Maildir/
multi_instance_wrapper = ${command_directory}/postmulti -p --
multi_instance_enable = yes
multi_instance_name = postfix-rzhang
multi_instance_group = rzhang
multi_instance_directories = /etc/postfix-2
master_service_disable =
authorized_submit_users = root
myhostname = postfix.bytedance.shop
mydomain = bytedance.shop
myorigin = $mydomain
mynetworks = 192.168.101.8/32,127.0.0.0/8
relay_domains = $mydestination
smtp_bind_address = 192.168.101.8
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
配置master.cf
vim /etc/postfix/master.cf
#設(shè)置第一個(gè)實(shí)例的端口，發(fā)信端口可以自定義勋颖，但是收信端口是25 192.168.101.8:25 inet n - n - - smtpd #smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
配置第二個(gè)Postfix實(shí)例
cp main.cf master.cf /etc/postfix-2/
以下為第二個(gè)postfix與第1個(gè)不同的地方
vim /etc/postfix-2/main.cf
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix-2 data_directory = /var/lib/postfix-2 multi_instance_wrapper = ${command_directory}/postmulti -p -- multi_instance_enable = yes multi_instance_name = postfix-2 multi_instance_group = rzhang
#multi_instance_directories = /etc/postfix-2 master_service_disable = authorized_submit_users = root myhostname = postfix2.bytedance.shop mydomain = bytedance.shop myorigin = $mydomain mynetworks = 192.168.101.9/32,127.0.0.0/8 relay_domains = $mydestination smtp_bind_address = 192.168.101.9 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination #transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
配置master
vim /etc/postfix-2/master.cf
192.168.101.9:8025 inet n - n - - smtpd #smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
3. 安裝和配置dovecot
vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
auth_mechanisms = plain login mbox_write_locks = fcntl passdb { driver = pam } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } user = root } #ssl_cert = </etc/pki/dovecot/certs/dovecot.pem #ssl_key = </ect/pki/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem userdb { driver = passwd } ssl = required
vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
4嗦嗡，啟動(dòng)postfix和dovecot，具體報(bào)錯(cuò)根據(jù)日志檢查
tail -100 /var/log/maillog
其中在發(fā)郵件的時(shí)候遇到過(guò)以下報(bào)錯(cuò)
loops back to myself
網(wǎng)上資料說(shuō)的方法有饭玲，在postfix的mydestination加上自己的域名侥祭，更改hostname。
我的解決方法是使用多一個(gè)postfix實(shí)例茄厘，更改不同的hostname矮冬；然后發(fā)往自己的域名的時(shí)候設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，使用第二個(gè)postfix來(lái)發(fā)送次哈。
vim /etc/postfix/transport
bytedance.shop smtp:[192.168.101.9]:8025
然后hash
postmap /etc/postfix/transport
5胎署，更改DNS
?vim /etc/hosts
192.168.101.8 bytedance.shop 192.168.101.8 postfix.bytedance.shop 192.168.101.9 postfix2.bytedance.shop
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=25/tcp firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=110/tcp firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=995/tcp firewall-cmd --reload firewall-cmd --list-all
6，檢查postfix是否啟動(dòng)成功
一般顯示如下代表成功
[root@rayhung test]# telnet 192.168.101.8 25 Trying 192.168.101.8... Connected to 192.168.101.8. Escape character is '^]'. 220 postfix.bytedance.shop ESMTP Postfix
[root@rayhung test]# telnet 192.168.101.9 8025 Trying 192.168.101.9... Connected to 192.168.101.9. Escape character is '^]'. 220 postfix2.bytedance.shop ESMTP Postfix
7窑滞，開(kāi)設(shè)郵箱
[root@rzhang]# cd /home/test/;ll total 0
激活郵箱
[root@rayhung test]# telnet 192.168.101.8 110 Trying 192.168.101.8... Connected to 192.168.101.8. Escape character is '^]'. +OK Dovecot ready. user test +OK pass yourpassword +OK Logged in. quit +OK Logging out. Connection closed by foreign host.
檢查郵箱
[root@rayhung test]# cd /home/test/Maildir/;ll total 12 drwx------. 2 test test 6 Sep 20 13:36 cur -rw-------. 1 test test 400 Sep 20 13:36 dovecot.index.log -rw-------. 1 test test 51 Sep 20 13:36 dovecot-uidlist -rw-------. 1 test test 8 Sep 20 13:36 dovecot-uidvalidity -r--r--r--. 1 test test 0 Sep 20 13:36 dovecot-uidvalidity.5f66ea55 drwx------. 2 test test 6 Sep 20 13:36 new drwx------. 2 test test 6 Sep 20 13:36 tmp
8琼牧，安裝foxmail進(jìn)行收發(fā)測(cè)試
?這里使用110端口遇到問(wèn)題，所以所以使用995
?
rcheung@bytedance.shop發(fā)郵件給test@bytedance.shop
?
收到郵件
?
檢查日志也是發(fā)送成功
grep "test@bytedance.shop" /var/log/maillog
Sep 20 13:46:39 rayhung postfix-rzhang/smtp[2285]: 879228CD7C: to=<test@bytedance.shop>, relay=192.168.101.9[192.168.101.9]:8025, delay=0.14, delays=0.06/0.02/0.04/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as A58671061B1E)Sep 20 13:46:39 rayhung postfix-2/local[2291]: A58671061B1E: to=<test@bytedance.shop>, relay=local, delay=0.02, delays=0.01/0.01/0/0, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)
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