——如何閱讀一本書筆記 16
Part 3 Approaches to Different Kinds of Reading Matter
CH16 How to Read History
At any rate, we would admit that every narrative history has to be written from some point of view. But to get at the truth, we ought to look at it from more than one viewpoint.
歷史雖然講述的是塵埃落定的歷史事件伟恶,但是寫歷史的人有自己的角度和立場(chǎng)征懈,想了解某段歷史的真相悴势,就必須從不同作者的書籍洪燥,多角度去獲取更真實(shí)的歷史虚缎。
讀到現(xiàn)在贾费,越發(fā)意識(shí)到作者寫作功力深厚碑幅。通過前面兩部分的講解,給我們打下了扎實(shí)的閱讀基本功√萃叮現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不需要他一遍一遍提醒命辖,“閱讀任何一本書要問4個(gè)基本問題” ,4個(gè)問題已經(jīng)了然于胸分蓖。針對(duì)不同讀物尔艇,作者一層一層剝?nèi)ネ庖拢屛覀兛吹讲煌x物的自身屬性么鹤,再通過4個(gè)問題讓你抓住閱讀不同讀物的本質(zhì)终娃。
只要抓住不同讀物的屬性特征,就會(huì)知道針對(duì)四大問題我們應(yīng)該如何調(diào)整:1. 對(duì)這類讀物蒸甜,四個(gè)問題中那個(gè)問題最重要棠耕?2. 如何微調(diào)每個(gè)問題使之切合讀物的自身特點(diǎn)?
比如歷史讀物柠新,它的特點(diǎn)是什么昧辽?
首先作者從狹義和廣義上給出歷史的定義:過去對(duì)某段時(shí)期,某個(gè)事件或是一串事件的敘述登颓,歷史更接近故事搅荞,而不是科學(xué)。
第二歷史書是過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事件,歷史學(xué)家試圖通過一系列史料還原真實(shí)歷史咕痛,但是他的立場(chǎng)和歷史理論的會(huì)影響他對(duì)歷史事件的描述痢甘。因此每一本歷史書一定是帶有作者的觀點(diǎn)。真正真實(shí)的歷史是什么模樣茉贡,我們不能100%確定塞栅。基于歷史書籍的這種屬性腔丧,如果要了解真正的歷史放椰,你必須多不同作者的書籍,才會(huì)得到更真實(shí)的歷史愉粤。
第三砾医,歷史書是對(duì)過去事件人物的描寫,對(duì)我們的現(xiàn)在和未來有巨大深遠(yuǎn)的影響衣厘,特別是政客而言如蚜。我們應(yīng)該讀好歷史。
作者把傳記和時(shí)事也放在這一章解讀影暴,因?yàn)榇戆睿@三類讀物都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn),試圖還原事實(shí)講述真實(shí)型宙。因此撬呢,讀這類作品我們都要保持警惕,有一顆懷疑的心妆兑。閱讀傳記跟史書一樣魂拦,想更真實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)人,也要盡可能多讀與人物相關(guān)的資料箭跳。閱讀時(shí)事的時(shí)候晨另,作者是需要我們格外關(guān)注的潭千,時(shí)事作者對(duì)作品的影響比史書作者對(duì)歷史的影響更大谱姓,所以我們要知道作者的背景,看到時(shí)件背后的主導(dǎo)利益刨晴。
作者在最后談到文摘的閱讀屉来,似乎跟前三中沒有太大的關(guān)聯(lián)。
Words & Phrases (每日五詞)
1.pertain /p???te?n/verb
be appropriate, related, or applicable
適合, 符合; 有關(guān), 涉及; 適用:
matterspertaining tothe organization of government.
與組織政府有關(guān)的事狈癞。
2.cross-examine /?kr?s?g?z?m?n/verb
question (a witness called by the other party) in a court of law to check or extend testimony already given
(在法庭上)反詰(對(duì)方證人)茄靠。比較EXAMINATION-IN-CHIEF.
question (someone) aggressively or in great detail
盤問:
I was cross-examined over the breakfast table.
我在用早餐時(shí)受到了盤問。
3. pertinent /?p??t?n?nt/adjective
relevant or applicable to a particular matter; apposite
切題的, 相關(guān)的; 中肯的, 貼切的:
she asked me a lot of very pertinent questions
她問了我許多緊密相關(guān)的問題
4.communique
Acommuniqueis an official message that's sent between people or to a media outlet.
5. divulge /da??v?ld?/verb
make known (private or sensitive information)
泄漏(秘密或敏感信息):
I am too much of a gentleman to divulge her age.
以我的紳士身份我做不出泄漏她年齡的事蝶桶。
Summary of chapter 16
two suggestions for reading History
- Read more than one history of an event or period that interests you.
- Read a history no only to learn what really happened at a particular time and place in the past, but also to learn the way men act in all times an places, especially now.
Biography and autobiography
three kinds of biography
To know the truth about a person’s life, read more biographies of hime as you can.
Take all autobiographies with a grain salt.
Current Events
- Know how do we get news, and how to do we know that what we get is true.
感悟:
請(qǐng)用腦子讀新聞慨绳,要辨別新聞的真?zhèn)危侣劚澈蟮睦妗?br>
請(qǐng)用腦子讀新聞。