(讀者朋友們首先明白颖御,there是個(gè)做不了句子主語(yǔ)的詞榄棵,因此任何討論主謂一致的問(wèn)題都可以全然不顧there展開(kāi)。詳見(jiàn)2.句子是什么?句子的成分 - 簡(jiǎn)書(shū)疹鳄。there充其量不過(guò)是一個(gè)助詞拧略。)
請(qǐng)讀者看如下兩個(gè)句子:
1. There is an apple and a pear on the table.
2. There are an apple and a pear on the table.
筆者認(rèn)為此處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)呢?
那便還要從主謂一致開(kāi)始說(shuō)起尚辑。英語(yǔ)中的句子都有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(也就是所說(shuō)的謂語(yǔ),但事實(shí)上只是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而已盔腔,“謂語(yǔ)”應(yīng)指的是句子中除去主語(yǔ)成分的其他一切杠茬。筆者此處權(quán)且將”謂語(yǔ)“和”動(dòng)詞“當(dāng)作同義詞使用)。此處兩句的主語(yǔ)均為“an apple and a pear”弛随,這應(yīng)是毋庸置疑的瓢喉,因此主語(yǔ)是個(gè)由and連接的復(fù)合主語(yǔ),理應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)(并非所有復(fù)合主語(yǔ)都是復(fù)數(shù)舀透,如every boy and every girl栓票,由于專橫霸道的every存在,任何搭配均成了徒勞愕够,這個(gè)詞組按單數(shù)處理走贪。這是主謂一致一個(gè)很怪誕的地方)。因此謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)選擇are惑芭。句子應(yīng)為:
There are an apple and a pear on the table. 等同于:
An apple and a pear are (there) on the table.
但又有就近原則這一說(shuō)坠狡。按照就近原則,there打頭的句子遂跟,謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與與之最近的名詞尋求一致逃沿。因此:
There is an apple and a pear on the table.
There is a pear and an apple on the table.
There are two apples and a pear on the table.
There are two apples on the table.
均符合此原則。
但不論如何看待幻锁,以下的句子均不可接受:
There is two apples and a pear on the table.
There is two apples on the table.
雖然得出的結(jié)論是原先的兩個(gè)句子都正確凯亮,但筆者始終認(rèn)為,用are是更加規(guī)則的選擇哄尔。正因?yàn)楫?dāng)句子變成:
An apple and a pear are (there) on the table.
Two apples and a pear are (there) on the table.
A pear and two apples are (there) on the table.
就沒(méi)有就近原則假消,一律采用are。
筆者的英語(yǔ)老師對(duì)此的態(tài)度是岭接,當(dāng)你想讓讀者把主語(yǔ)想象成一個(gè)整體時(shí)置谦,就用動(dòng)詞單數(shù),而想象成多個(gè)物體時(shí)亿傅,就用復(fù)數(shù)媒峡。因此這個(gè)事情很自由,完全可以由寫(xiě)句子的人的意愿決定葵擎。因此筆者不希望這類題目出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)考試當(dāng)中谅阿,可能會(huì)給學(xué)生帶來(lái)一種死記硬背的挫敗感。