Professor: Did you prepare your lessons before your class?? Ok. What's edema?
教授：上課前你預(yù)習(xí)功課了嗎蚕礼？什么是水腫居暖？
Student: Edema is an observable swelling in certain parts of the body, which most commonly occurs in the feet and legs.
學(xué)生：水腫是指身體某些部位出現(xiàn)腫脹，通常發(fā)生在腳和腿框喳。
Professor: Then what causes the swelling.
那是什么導(dǎo)致水腫呢某饰？
Student: The swelling is the result of the accumulation of excess fluid under the skin , in the spaces within the tissues that are outside of the blood vessels.
腫脹是因為液體在皮下和血管外組織的過多積累检疫。
Professor: What is putting edema?
什么是凹陷行水腫驱犹？
Student: Pitting edema can be demonstrated by applying pressure to the skin of swollen leg, by depressing the skin with a finger.
通過手指按壓腫脹的下肢和皮膚就可以鑒別出凹陷性水腫屯蹦。
Professor: What will happen if you press the skin of a swollen leg.
如果按壓腫脹的下肢會出現(xiàn)什么情況？
Student: If the pressing causes an indentation in the skin that persists for some time after the release of the pressure, the edema is referred to as pitting edema.
如果按壓后皮膚出現(xiàn)凹陷脐区，并且停止按壓后一段時間才能回復(fù)愈诚，這樣的水腫就是凹陷性水腫。
Professor: And now does it differ from non-pitting edema?
如何與非凹陷性水腫區(qū)別呢牛隅？
Student: In non-pitting edema, pressure that is applied to the skin does not result in a persistence indentation.
在非凹陷性水腫中炕柔，這樣的按壓皮膚不會出現(xiàn)持續(xù)性的凹陷。
Professor: Which patients might have non-pitting edema?
怎么樣的病人會出現(xiàn)非凹陷性水腫呢?
Student: Non-pitting edema can occur in certain disorders of the lymphatic system and in some patients with hypothyroidism.
非凹陷型水腫可能發(fā)生在淋巴系統(tǒng)疾病和甲狀腺功能減退等疾病的病人中媒佣。
Professor: What causes pitting edema?
凹陷性水腫的原因是什么?
Student: Edema is caused by either systemic diseases or by local conditions involving just the affected extremities.
水腫即可以由全身性疾病也可以由肢體受影響的局部性疾病引起匕累。
Professor: Could you list some common systemic diseases?
你能列舉出一些常見的全省性疾病嗎?
Student: The most common systemic diseases that are associated with edema involve the hesrt, liver, and kidney.
引起水腫最常見的全省性疾病包括心臟，肝臟和腎臟疾病
Professor: What are the most common local conditions that cause edema?
引起水腫常見的局部性原因是什么?
Student: The most common local conditions are varicose veins and thrombus of the veins of the legs, which can cause inadequate pumping of the blood by the veins.
最常見的局部性原因有下肢靜脈曲張和 深靜脈血栓默伍，這些能導(dǎo)致靜脈血流不充分欢嘿。
Professor: How does salt intake affect edema?
鹽的攝入是如何影響水腫的?
Student: If the patient has the kidney disease, the ability to excrete salt in the urine is limited, which causes the patient to retain water and develop edema.
如果病人有腎臟疾病，尿清除鹽的能力就會受到限制也糊，而導(dǎo)致病人體內(nèi)的水分增加出現(xiàn)水腫炼蹦。
Professor: Ok.? Very good. Next period we will go on to discuss the cure of edema.? Good-bye.
很好，下次我們將討論水腫的治療狸剃，再見
Student: Good-bye.
再見掐隐。
