題目來自生信技能樹論壇
image.png
wget ftp://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/release-87/gtf/homo_sapiens/Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.87.chr.gtf.gz
grep -v "#" Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.87.chr.gtf.gz >hg38.gtf.gz
gunzip hg38.gtf.gz
做題之前我們先看看文件的內(nèi)容是什么
image.png
gtf有9列
1.染色體名
2.注釋信息的來源棒掠，比如”Genescan”、”Genbank”
等，可以為空厕诡，為空用”.”點號代替
3.注釋信息的類型，比如Gene营勤、cDNA灵嫌、mRNA等，或者是SO對應(yīng)的編號
4葛作、5.開始和結(jié)束位置
6.得分寿羞，數(shù)字，是注釋信息可能性的說明赂蠢，可以是序列相似性比對時的E-values值或者基因預(yù)測是的P-values值绪穆。”.”表示為空虱岂。
7.序列的方向玖院，
+表示正義鏈, -反義鏈 , ? 表示未知
8.閱讀框：有數(shù)字0、1和2第岖。0代表序列的第一個堿基為密碼子的第一個堿基难菌，1代表是密碼子第二個，2代表第三個蔑滓。
9.以多個鍵值對組成的注釋信息描述郊酒，鍵與值之間用”=“；
以上圖內(nèi)容簡單的理解一下
紅線圈出來的范圍一個gene信息键袱，范圍是11869-14409bp
在這個范圍內(nèi)有兩個轉(zhuǎn)錄本（黃色部分）：
transcript1 來自基因的11869-14409
這個范圍包括3個exon
transcript2來自基因的12010-13670
這個范圍包括6個exon
那么本次要做的事情就主要包括一下幾個方面吧
1.統(tǒng)計各個染色體基因數(shù)量的分布燎窘，包括總的基因和各中類型基因數(shù)量的分布
2.統(tǒng)計一下基因轉(zhuǎn)錄本數(shù)量的分布
就這2個吧，依然是分為python蹄咖，R褐健，shell三種編程方法
1.python
1.統(tǒng)計各個染色體基因數(shù)量的分布，包括總的基因和各中類型基因數(shù)量的分布
給出我寫的腳本
import sys
import collections
args=sys.argv
filename=args[1]
count_gene=collections.OrderedDict()
with open (filename) as fh:
for line in fh:
lineL=line.strip().split("\t")
chr_num="chr"+lineL[0]
type_info=lineL[2]
if type_info=="gene":
All_gene="all"+"_"+type_info
if chr_num not in count_gene:
count_gene[chr_num]={}
count_gene[chr_num][All_gene]=0
count_gene[chr_num][All_gene]+=1 #計算all gene個數(shù)
descrip_info=lineL[8]
descrip_info=descrip_info[:-1] #主要是有的biotype就是最后一部分了比藻，這時候后面得到的b_type包含“;”,所以一開始就把最后的";"去掉
descrip_infoL=descrip_info.split("; ")
biotype=descrip_infoL[4]
biotypeL=biotype.split(" ")
b_type=biotypeL[1]
b_type=eval(b_type)
if b_type not in count_gene[chr_num]:
count_gene[chr_num][b_type]=0
count_gene[chr_num][b_type]+=1
for chr_num,countAll in count_gene.items():
for k,v in countAll.items():
print(chr_num,k,v)
結(jié)果如下
chr1 protein_coding 2052
chr1 TEC 28
chr1 polymorphic_pseudogene 6
chr1 snRNA 219
chr1 antisense 505
chr1 pseudogene 5
chr1 sense_intronic 66
chr1 processed_transcript 31
chr1 all_gene 5194
chr1 sense_overlapping 17
chr1 processed_pseudogene 897
chr1 rRNA 69
chr1 snoRNA 68
chr1 miRNA 126
chr1 lincRNA 576
chr1 IG_V_pseudogene 1
chr1 unprocessed_pseudogene 206
chr1 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 4
chr1 unitary_pseudogene 26
chr1 scaRNA 14
chr1 misc_RNA 192
chr1 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 4
chr1 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 33
chr1 bidirectional_promoter_lncRNA 1
chr1 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 48
chr2 protein_coding 1255
chr2 IG_C_gene 1
chr2 TEC 51
chr2 polymorphic_pseudogene 2
chr2 snRNA 157
chr2 antisense 364
chr2 IG_V_gene 46
chr2 pseudogene 1
chr2 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 3
chr2 processed_transcript 42
chr2 miRNA 105
chr2 sense_overlapping 10
chr2 processed_pseudogene 751
chr2 rRNA 41
chr2 snoRNA 64
chr2 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 39
chr2 all_gene 3971
chr2 lincRNA 577
chr2 IG_J_gene 5
chr2 IG_V_pseudogene 45
chr2 unprocessed_pseudogene 155
chr2 sense_intronic 37
chr2 unitary_pseudogene 7
chr2 scaRNA 7
chr2 misc_RNA 176
chr2 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 7
chr2 scRNA 1
chr2 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 22
chr3 protein_coding 1076
chr3 TEC 26
chr3 polymorphic_pseudogene 2
chr3 snRNA 133
chr3 antisense 299
chr3 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 9
chr3 processed_transcript 22
chr3 miRNA 77
chr3 sense_overlapping 7
chr3 processed_pseudogene 616
chr3 rRNA 29
chr3 snoRNA 56
chr3 sRNA 1
chr3 all_gene 3010
chr3 lincRNA 353
chr3 unprocessed_pseudogene 87
chr3 sense_intronic 29
chr3 unitary_pseudogene 9
chr3 scaRNA 2
chr3 misc_RNA 134
chr3 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 1
chr3 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 19
chr3 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 23
chr4 protein_coding 751
chr4 TEC 37
chr4 polymorphic_pseudogene 1
chr4 snRNA 116
chr4 antisense 207
chr4 pseudogene 1
chr4 sense_intronic 18
chr4 processed_transcript 16
chr4 miRNA 57
chr4 sense_overlapping 9
chr4 processed_pseudogene 561
chr4 ribozyme 1
chr4 rRNA 24
chr4 snoRNA 30
chr4 all_gene 2505
chr4 lincRNA 405
chr4 unprocessed_pseudogene 113
chr4 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 2
chr4 unitary_pseudogene 2
chr4 scaRNA 1
chr4 misc_RNA 104
chr4 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 31
chr4 bidirectional_promoter_lncRNA 1
chr4 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 17
chr5 protein_coding 876
chr5 all_gene 2868
chr5 lincRNA 490
chr5 rRNA 25
chr5 miRNA 66
chr5 unprocessed_pseudogene 57
chr5 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 4
chr5 sense_intronic 24
chr5 unitary_pseudogene 4
chr5 snRNA 103
chr5 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 22
chr5 processed_transcript 23
chr5 misc_RNA 119
chr5 TEC 73
chr5 sense_overlapping 10
chr5 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 9
chr5 processed_pseudogene 625
chr5 vaultRNA 1
chr5 antisense 297
chr5 snoRNA 40
chr6 protein_coding 1045
chr6 TEC 36
chr6 polymorphic_pseudogene 3
chr6 snRNA 107
chr6 antisense 238
chr6 non_coding 1
chr6 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 2
chr6 processed_transcript 8
chr6 miRNA 60
chr6 sense_overlapping 7
chr6 processed_pseudogene 639
chr6 rRNA 27
chr6 snoRNA 39
chr6 all_gene 2863
chr6 lincRNA 360
chr6 unprocessed_pseudogene 105
chr6 sense_intronic 23
chr6 unitary_pseudogene 10
chr6 scaRNA 1
chr6 misc_RNA 105
chr6 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 2
chr6 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 23
chr6 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 22
chr7 protein_coding 906
chr7 TEC 37
chr7 polymorphic_pseudogene 2
chr7 snRNA 84
chr7 antisense 252
chr7 pseudogene 3
chr7 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 71
chr7 processed_transcript 40
chr7 miRNA 60
chr7 sense_overlapping 12
chr7 processed_pseudogene 577
chr7 TR_D_gene 1
chr7 rRNA 24
chr7 snoRNA 39
chr7 sRNA 1
chr7 all_gene 2867
chr7 lincRNA 286
chr7 unprocessed_pseudogene 189
chr7 sense_intronic 15
chr7 unitary_pseudogene 13
chr7 TR_J_gene 19
chr7 TR_V_pseudogene 17
chr7 TR_C_gene 4
chr7 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 2
chr7 misc_RNA 143
chr7 TR_V_gene 57
chr7 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 13
chrX protein_coding 841
chrX pseudogene 3
chrX polymorphic_pseudogene 1
chrX snRNA 84
chrX misc_RNA 100
chrX transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 2
chrX processed_transcript 10
chrX TEC 14
chrX sense_overlapping 6
chrX processed_pseudogene 723
chrX rRNA 22
chrX snoRNA 46
chrX all_gene 2359
chrX lincRNA 136
chrX miRNA 105
chrX unprocessed_pseudogene 108
chrX sense_intronic 17
chrX unitary_pseudogene 3
chrX scaRNA 1
chrX antisense 101
chrX 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 1
chrX transcribed_processed_pseudogene 12
chrX transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 23
chr8 protein_coding 676
chr8 TEC 32
chr8 IG_V_pseudogene 1
chr8 snRNA 84
chr8 antisense 253
chr8 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 5
chr8 processed_transcript 16
chr8 miRNA 68
chr8 sense_overlapping 8
chr8 processed_pseudogene 468
chr8 rRNA 29
chr8 polymorphic_pseudogene 1
chr8 all_gene 2353
chr8 lincRNA 412
chr8 unprocessed_pseudogene 114
chr8 sense_intronic 45
chr8 unitary_pseudogene 4
chr8 misc_RNA 82
chr8 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 1
chr8 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 14
chr8 snoRNA 33
chr8 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 7
chr9 protein_coding 781
chr9 TEC 18
chr9 polymorphic_pseudogene 2
chr9 snRNA 65
chr9 misc_RNA 96
chr9 IG_C_pseudogene 1
chr9 pseudogene 1
chr9 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 28
chr9 processed_transcript 17
chr9 miRNA 74
chr9 sense_overlapping 9
chr9 processed_pseudogene 461
chr9 ribozyme 2
chr9 rRNA 19
chr9 snoRNA 31
chr9 all_gene 2242
chr9 lincRNA 275
chr9 IG_V_pseudogene 4
chr9 unprocessed_pseudogene 132
chr9 sense_intronic 22
chr9 unitary_pseudogene 5
chr9 TR_V_pseudogene 4
chr9 scaRNA 1
chr9 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 2
chr9 antisense 165
chr9 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 1
chr9 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 23
chr9 TR_V_gene 3
chr11 protein_coding 1276
chr11 TEC 76
chr11 polymorphic_pseudogene 22
chr11 snRNA 71
chr11 antisense 326
chr11 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 30
chr11 processed_transcript 20
chr11 pseudogene 2
chr11 sense_overlapping 17
chr11 all_gene 3235
chr11 processed_pseudogene 473
chr11 ribozyme 1
chr11 rRNA 24
chr11 snoRNA 52
chr11 sRNA 2
chr11 miRNA 81
chr11 lincRNA 305
chr11 unprocessed_pseudogene 279
chr11 sense_intronic 40
chr11 unitary_pseudogene 20
chr11 scaRNA 3
chr11 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 3
chr11 misc_RNA 97
chr11 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 1
chr11 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 14
chr10 protein_coding 732
chr10 pseudogene 1
chr10 IG_V_pseudogene 1
chr10 snRNA 86
chr10 misc_RNA 89
chr10 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 39
chr10 processed_transcript 29
chr10 TEC 31
chr10 sense_overlapping 9
chr10 processed_pseudogene 422
chr10 ribozyme 2
chr10 rRNA 29
chr10 snoRNA 28
chr10 polymorphic_pseudogene 1
chr10 all_gene 2204
chr10 lincRNA 280
chr10 miRNA 61
chr10 unprocessed_pseudogene 85
chr10 sense_intronic 33
chr10 unitary_pseudogene 5
chr10 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 2
chr10 antisense 226
chr10 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 13
chr12 protein_coding 1034
chr12 TEC 99
chr12 snRNA 99
chr12 antisense 304
chr12 non_coding 1
chr12 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 18
chr12 processed_transcript 22
chr12 miRNA 62
chr12 sense_overlapping 5
chr12 processed_pseudogene 490
chr12 rRNA 27
chr12 snoRNA 37
chr12 all_gene 2940
chr12 lincRNA 438
chr12 unprocessed_pseudogene 69
chr12 sense_intronic 75
chr12 unitary_pseudogene 6
chr12 scaRNA 2
chr12 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 5
chr12 misc_RNA 115
chr12 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 2
chr12 macro_lncRNA 1
chr12 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 29
chr13 protein_coding 327
chr13 unprocessed_pseudogene 52
chr13 all_gene 1304
chr13 lincRNA 241
chr13 snRNA 41
chr13 miRNA 31
chr13 antisense 105
chr13 sense_intronic 39
chr13 unitary_pseudogene 1
chr13 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 1
chr13 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 15
chr13 processed_transcript 12
chr13 misc_RNA 75
chr13 TEC 29
chr13 snoRNA 17
chr13 processed_pseudogene 295
chr13 rRNA 15
chr13 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 8
chr14 protein_coding 623
chr14 IG_C_gene 9
chr14 TEC 20
chr14 polymorphic_pseudogene 3
chr14 TR_J_pseudogene 4
chr14 snRNA 64
chr14 IG_pseudogene 1
chr14 antisense 179
chr14 IG_V_gene 49
chr14 IG_C_pseudogene 2
chr14 non_coding 1
chr14 pseudogene 1
chr14 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 14
chr14 processed_transcript 21
chr14 miRNA 91
chr14 ribozyme 2
chr14 IG_J_pseudogene 3
chr14 processed_pseudogene 324
chr14 TR_D_gene 3
chr14 rRNA 10
chr14 snoRNA 72
chr14 bidirectional_promoter_lncRNA 1
chr14 all_gene 2224
chr14 lincRNA 297
chr14 IG_J_gene 6
chr14 IG_V_pseudogene 84
chr14 unprocessed_pseudogene 47
chr14 sense_intronic 21
chr14 unitary_pseudogene 2
chr14 TR_J_gene 60
chr14 TR_V_pseudogene 9
chr14 TR_C_gene 2
chr14 scaRNA 2
chr14 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 2
chr14 misc_RNA 79
chr14 IG_D_gene 27
chr14 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 30
chr14 sense_overlapping 11
chr14 TR_V_gene 48
chr15 protein_coding 597
chr15 TEC 47
chr15 IG_V_pseudogene 6
chr15 snRNA 64
chr15 misc_RNA 93
chr15 IG_V_gene 6
chr15 pseudogene 1
chr15 sense_intronic 79
chr15 processed_transcript 25
chr15 all_gene 2152
chr15 sense_overlapping 8
chr15 processed_pseudogene 287
chr15 rRNA 12
chr15 snoRNA 114
chr15 miRNA 57
chr15 lincRNA 300
chr15 unprocessed_pseudogene 118
chr15 IG_D_gene 10
chr15 unitary_pseudogene 1
chr15 scaRNA 3
chr15 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 3
chr15 antisense 225
chr15 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 2
chr15 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 29
chr15 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 65
chr16 protein_coding 866
chr16 TEC 136
chr16 IG_V_pseudogene 8
chr16 snRNA 52
chr16 antisense 307
chr16 IG_V_gene 6
chr16 pseudogene 1
chr16 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 53
chr16 processed_transcript 31
chr16 all_gene 2511
chr16 sense_overlapping 12
chr16 processed_pseudogene 252
chr16 rRNA 32
chr16 snoRNA 33
chr16 polymorphic_pseudogene 1
chr16 miRNA 69
chr16 lincRNA 360
chr16 unprocessed_pseudogene 112
chr16 sense_intronic 83
chr16 unitary_pseudogene 12
chr16 scaRNA 1
chr16 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 2
chr16 misc_RNA 51
chr16 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 5
chr16 bidirectional_promoter_lncRNA 1
chr16 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 25
chr17 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 64
chr17 protein_coding 1197
chr17 unprocessed_pseudogene 105
chr17 TEC 99
chr17 lincRNA 338
chr17 snRNA 86
chr17 miRNA 75
chr17 misc_RNA 99
chr17 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 3
chr17 unitary_pseudogene 6
chr17 scaRNA 5
chr17 sense_intronic 69
chr17 processed_transcript 48
chr17 antisense 376
chr17 all_gene 2995
chr17 sense_overlapping 3
chr17 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 43
chr17 processed_pseudogene 310
chr17 rRNA 17
chr17 snoRNA 52
chr18 protein_coding 270
chr18 TEC 50
chr18 snRNA 46
chr18 misc_RNA 41
chr18 IG_C_pseudogene 1
chr18 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 1
chr18 processed_transcript 11
chr18 miRNA 30
chr18 sense_overlapping 1
chr18 processed_pseudogene 207
chr18 rRNA 13
chr18 snoRNA 17
chr18 sRNA 1
chr18 all_gene 1170
chr18 lincRNA 246
chr18 unprocessed_pseudogene 14
chr18 sense_intronic 49
chr18 unitary_pseudogene 3
chr18 scaRNA 2
chr18 antisense 146
chr18 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 14
chr18 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 7
chr20 protein_coding 544
chr20 all_gene 1386
chr20 lincRNA 214
chr20 snRNA 46
chr20 miRNA 39
chr20 unprocessed_pseudogene 32
chr20 sense_intronic 20
chr20 unitary_pseudogene 5
chr20 transcribed_unitary_pseudogene 3
chr20 scaRNA 1
chr20 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 8
chr20 processed_transcript 9
chr20 misc_RNA 68
chr20 TEC 10
chr20 antisense 138
chr20 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 3
chr20 processed_pseudogene 198
chr20 sense_overlapping 3
chr20 rRNA 20
chr20 snoRNA 25
chr19 protein_coding 1470
chr19 TEC 74
chr19 lincRNA 236
chr19 snRNA 29
chr19 miRNA 115
chr19 unprocessed_pseudogene 159
chr19 polymorphic_pseudogene 2
chr19 sense_intronic 55
chr19 misc_RNA 61
chr19 unitary_pseudogene 7
chr19 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 53
chr19 processed_transcript 36
chr19 antisense 293
chr19 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 2
chr19 all_gene 2926
chr19 sense_overlapping 6
chr19 snoRNA 22
chr19 processed_pseudogene 263
chr19 rRNA 13
chr19 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 30
chrY protein_coding 53
chrY unprocessed_pseudogene 216
chrY all_gene 523
chrY lincRNA 52
chrY snRNA 17
chrY antisense 5
chrY sense_intronic 1
chrY transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 27
chrY processed_transcript 1
chrY misc_RNA 7
chrY snoRNA 3
chrY processed_pseudogene 130
chrY rRNA 7
chrY transcribed_processed_pseudogene 4
chr22 protein_coding 438
chr22 IG_C_gene 4
chr22 TEC 9
chr22 IG_V_pseudogene 43
chr22 snRNA 26
chr22 antisense 134
chr22 IG_V_gene 37
chr22 IG_C_pseudogene 5
chr22 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 36
chr22 processed_transcript 18
chr22 miRNA 32
chr22 sense_overlapping 9
chr22 processed_pseudogene 156
chr22 rRNA 6
chr22 snoRNA 11
chr22 polymorphic_pseudogene 2
chr22 all_gene 1318
chr22 lincRNA 165
chr22 IG_J_gene 7
chr22 unprocessed_pseudogene 75
chr22 sense_intronic 31
chr22 unitary_pseudogene 3
chr22 scaRNA 3
chr22 misc_RNA 62
chr22 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 6
chr21 protein_coding 233
chr21 all_gene 835
chr21 lincRNA 191
chr21 snRNA 21
chr21 miRNA 26
chr21 unprocessed_pseudogene 32
chr21 IG_V_gene 1
chr21 sense_intronic 17
chr21 pseudogene 1
chr21 transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene 6
chr21 processed_transcript 7
chr21 misc_RNA 24
chr21 3prime_overlapping_ncRNA 1
chr21 TEC 16
chr21 antisense 81
chr21 transcribed_processed_pseudogene 3
chr21 processed_pseudogene 143
chr21 sense_overlapping 8
chr21 rRNA 9
chr21 snoRNA 15
chrMT Mt_rRNA 2
chrMT protein_coding 13
chrMT Mt_tRNA 22
chrMT all_gene 37
可視化一下吧
因為all_gene值太高铝量，所以把它單獨拿出來
grep "all_gene" count_all.txt >count_gene.txt
library(ggplot2)
data <- read.table("C:/Users/pc/Desktop/count_gene.txt")
chr_name <- data$V1
type <- data$V2
number <- data$V3
p <- ggplot(data,aes(x=chr_name,y=number))+theme_bw()+theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90,size =8,vjust = 0.5,hjust = 0.5),panel.grid = element_blank())+geom_bar(aes(fill=chr_name),stat = "identity",position="dodge",width=0.8)
image.png
所有類型基因的可視化如下
看一下一號染色體：
grep "chr1 " count_else.txt >count_else.chr1.txt
image.png
編碼蛋白的基因數(shù)量還是最多的
最后show一下怎么把多個染色體的圖堆在一起倘屹，用到ggplot2中的facet
grep "chr2" count_else.txt >count_else.chr2_all.txt
#取出2，20慢叨，22號染色體
image.png
這里只是想展示一下這種畫圖方法纽匙，但是如果把所有染色體都放上就壓縮了，圖看不清楚拍谐。
2.統(tǒng)計一下基因轉(zhuǎn)錄本數(shù)量的分布
腳本如下：
import sys
import collections
args=sys.argv
filename=args[1]
count_transcript=collections.OrderedDict()
with open (filename) as fh:
for line in fh:
lineL=line.strip().split("\t")
chr_num="chr"+lineL[0]
type_info=lineL[2]
if type_info=="transcript":
if chr_num not in count_transcript:
count_transcript[chr_num]={}
descrip_info=lineL[8]
descrip_infoL=descrip_info.split("; ")
gene_ID=descrip_infoL[0]
gene_IDL=gene_ID.split(" ")
gene_ID=gene_IDL[1]
gene_ID=eval(gene_ID)
if gene_ID not in count_transcript[chr_num]:
count_transcript[chr_num][gene_ID]=0
count_transcript[chr_num][gene_ID]+=1
for chr_num,countAll in count_transcript.items():
for k,v in countAll.items():
print(chr_num,k,v)
2.R
（略）
3.shell
（略）
life is short ,還是把python練習(xí)好烛缔，R和shell打輔助吧
