研究生期間看設(shè)計(jì)理論是記住它的概念蝇恶，如今經(jīng)歷過(guò)那么多的項(xiàng)目蔗衡，回過(guò)頭來(lái)再看看這些理論苗胀，讀過(guò)每一條都有了不一樣的感受。感嘆于這些理論在實(shí)踐應(yīng)用中的說(shuō)服力享潜，也有因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目中的限制而導(dǎo)致智能妥協(xié)的設(shè)計(jì)體驗(yàn)的無(wú)奈困鸥。
用戶界面交互設(shè)計(jì)的八項(xiàng)黃金法則是1998年由Ben Shneiderman提出的。Ben Shneiderman（本.施耐德曼）剑按，現(xiàn)任馬里蘭大學(xué)學(xué)院公園分校計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系教授疾就，是人機(jī)交互實(shí)驗(yàn)室的創(chuàng)建者，同時(shí)也是該校高級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)研究所（UMIACS）及系統(tǒng)研究所（ISR）成員艺蝴。這些準(zhǔn)則是從Ben Shneiderman的Designing the User Interface這本書(shū)中摘錄出來(lái)猬腰，由Shneiderman通過(guò)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累總結(jié)而來(lái)。對(duì)于提高程序易用性來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要猜敢，原則如下：
1. Strive for consistency. 提高一致性
Consistent sequences of actions should be required in similar situations;
Identical terminology should be used in prompts, menus, and help screens;
And consistent commands should be employed throughout.
相似的情況下操作一致姑荷；
在提示盒延、菜單及幫助信息等中使用的名詞統(tǒng)一；
功能一致鼠冕。
2. Enable frequent users to use shortcuts. 頻繁訪問(wèn)用戶可使用快捷方式
As the frequency of use increases, so do the user's desires to reduce the number of interactions and to increase the pace of interaction. Abbreviations, function keys, hidden commands, and macro facilities are very helpful to an expert user.
當(dāng)使用頻率增加添寺，用戶希望減少交互次數(shù)及加快交互速度⌒阜眩縮寫计露、功能鍵、隱藏功能及自動(dòng)化自定義對(duì)內(nèi)行來(lái)說(shuō)非常有用憎乙。
3.? Offer informative feedback. 提供有意義的反饋
For every operator action, there should be some system feedback. For frequent and minor actions, the response can be modest, while for infrequent and major actions, the response should be more substantial.
對(duì)每一個(gè)用戶的操作票罐，系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該反饋信息。對(duì)常用或影響較小的操作寨闹，其反饋可弱化胶坠。對(duì)偶爾用或影響重要的操作，反饋要強(qiáng)化繁堡。
4.? Design dialog to yield closure. 設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)話沈善，告訴用戶任務(wù)狀態(tài)
Sequences of actions should be organized into groups with a beginning, middle, and end. The informative feedback at the completion of a group of actions gives the operators the satisfaction of accomplishment, a sense of relief, the signal to drop contingency plans and options from their minds, and an indication that the way is clear to prepare for the next group of actions.
一連串的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該被組織成開(kāi)始、中間椭蹄、結(jié)束闻牡。當(dāng)一組操作完成時(shí)提供反饋信息，給用戶一個(gè)滿意绳矩，輕松的體驗(yàn)罩润，減少壓力，并為下一步操作提供指示翼馆。
5. Offer simple error handling. 提供簡(jiǎn)單的出錯(cuò)處理
As much as possible, design the system so the user cannot make a serious error. If an error is made, the system should be able to detect the error and offer simple, comprehensible mechanisms for handling the error.
最好不要讓系統(tǒng)有嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤的可能性割以。如果出錯(cuò)了，系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該能夠檢測(cè)出來(lái)应媚，并提供一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單严沥、可理解的方式處理。
6.? Permit easy reversal of actions. 允許撤消操作
This feature relieves anxiety, since the user knows that errors can be undone; it thus encourages exploration of unfamiliar options. The units of reversibility may be a single action, a data entry, or a complete group of actions.
當(dāng)用戶知道操作可以撤消中姜，會(huì)減低用戶的焦慮情緒消玄，并鼓勵(lì)用戶探索陌生操作。撤消可以用于單一的操作丢胚，數(shù)據(jù)的輸入翩瓜，或者一組完整的操作。
7.? Support internal locus of control. 支持用戶控制系統(tǒng)
Experienced operators strongly desire the sense that they are in charge of the system and that the system responds to their actions. Design the system to make users the initiators of actions rather than the responders.
有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的用戶強(qiáng)烈感到他們?cè)诳刂葡到y(tǒng)携龟，系統(tǒng)對(duì)他們的操作做出反饋兔跌。系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)上要讓用戶發(fā)起動(dòng)作而不是響應(yīng)。
8.? Reduce short-term memory load. 減少短期記憶負(fù)擔(dān)
The limitation of human information processing in short-term memory requires that displays be kept simple, multiple page displays be consolidated, window-motion frequency be reduced, and sufficient training time be allotted for codes, mnemonics, and sequences of actions.
人類短期記憶處理信息有限峡蟋，需要信息顯示簡(jiǎn)單坟桅，合并多頁(yè)顯示相满，減少窗口切換頻率，提供足夠的指令和操作的記憶時(shí)間桦卒。
另外我想提一下立美，別人通過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)及實(shí)踐總結(jié)出來(lái)的規(guī)則對(duì)于一般的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)往往有著指導(dǎo)意義，更何況是這樣的big potato方灾，但不要成了我們發(fā)揮設(shè)計(jì)想象的枷鎖建蹄，好的設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)意往往會(huì)打破規(guī)則。
轉(zhuǎn)自http://yuhfei.blog.163.com/blog/static/745263722010112724530507/
