一般我們在xcode里面配置包含工程目錄下頭文件的時候腹缩，都要關(guān)聯(lián)著相對路徑和絕對路徑，如果只是自己用這個項目卵凑，用絕對路徑的問題不大庆聘，但是如果協(xié)作開發(fā)，這時候絕對路徑的缺點立馬出現(xiàn)勺卢。

所以在修改User Header Search Paths這個選項的時候使用
"$(SRCROOT)/當(dāng)前工程名字/需要包含頭文件所在文件夾"
將上面的雙引號里面的字符串拷貝之后伙判，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個“$(SRCROOT)”，會自動變成當(dāng)前工程所以的目錄黑忱。
一宴抚、xcode中的環(huán)境變量
$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)
build成功后的，最終產(chǎn)品路徑－－可以在Build Settings參數(shù)的Per-configuration Build Products Path項里設(shè)置
$(TARGET_NAME)
目標(biāo)工程名稱
$(SRCROOT)
工程根目錄（一般為.xcodeproj所在目錄）
$(PROJECT_DIR)
.xcodeproj所在目錄
$(CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION)
當(dāng)前工程版本號
其他：
$() xcode數(shù)據(jù)目錄該工程根目錄
$(SYMROOT) = $()/Build/Products
$(BUILD_DIR) = $()/Build/Products
$(BUILD_ROOT) = $()/Build/Products
這三個變量中的$()不會隨著Build Settings參數(shù)的設(shè)置而改變
相反甫煞，以下可以通過設(shè)置而改變
$(CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR) = $()/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator
$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR) = $()/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator
$(CONFIGURATION_TEMP_DIR) = $()/Build/Intermediates/UtilLib.build/Debug-iphonesimulator
$(TARGET_BUILD_DIR) = $()/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator
$(SDK_NAME) = iphonesimulator5.0
$(PLATFORM_NAME) = iphonesimulator
$(CONFIGURATION) = Debug
$(TARGET_NAME) = UtilLib
$(EXECUTABLE_NAME) = libUtilLib.a 可執(zhí)行文件名
${IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET} 5.0
$(ACTION) = build
$(CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR) 當(dāng)前模擬器路徑
$(CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR) 當(dāng)前設(shè)備路徑
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(CONFIGURATION)$(EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME =
$()/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator
$(PROJECT_TEMP_DIR)/$(CONFIGURATION)$(EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME) = $()/Build/Intermediates/UtilLib.build/Debug-iphonesimulator
自定義變量

${CONFIGURATION}-iphoneos 表示：Debug-iphoneos

${CONFIGURATION}-iphonesimulator 表示：Debug-iphonesimulator

$(CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR) = ${SYMROOT}/${CONFIGURATION}-iphoneos

$(CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR) = ${SYMROOT}/${CONFIGURATION}-iphonesimulator

自定義一個設(shè)備無關(guān)的路徑（用來存放各種架構(gòu)arm6/arm7/i386輸出的產(chǎn)品）

$(CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR) = ${SYMROOT}/${CONFIGURATION}-universal

自定義變量代表的值

$(CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR) ＝ $()/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos

$(CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR) = $()/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator

$(CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR) = $()/Build/Products/Debug-universal

iphoneos5.0下的編譯腳本：

xcodebuild -project "UtilLib.xcodeproj" -configuration "Debug" -target "UtilLib" -sdk "iphoneos5.0" -arch "armv6 armv7" build RUN_CLANG_STATIC_ANALYZER=NO $(BUILD_DIR)="${BUILD_DIR}" BUILD_ROOT="${BUILD_ROOT}"

iphonesimulator5.0下的編譯腳本：

xcodebuild -project "UtilLib.xcodeproj" -configuration "Debug" -target "UtilLib" -sdk "iphonesimulator5.0" -arch "i386" build RUN_CLANG_STATIC_ANALYZER=NO $(BUILD_DIR)="${BUILD_DIR}" BUILD_ROOT="${BUILD_ROOT}"

加上下面一句表示輸出到文件：

"${BUILD_ROOT}.build_output"

lipo腳本工具：合并iPhone模擬器和真機的靜態(tài)類庫菇曲，生成通用庫

lipo -create -output "${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME}" "${CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME}" "${CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME}"

意思是：把"${CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR}目錄下的.a文件，和${CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR}目錄下的.a文件合并抚吠，

在${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}目錄下常潮，生成兩個設(shè)備都通用的靜態(tài)庫,

例如：lipo -create -output xy.a x.a y.a

二、xcode中build Settings常見參數(shù)解析

1.Installation Directory：安裝路徑

靜態(tài)庫編譯時楷力，在Build Settings中Installation Directory設(shè)置“$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)”

Skip Install設(shè)為YES

Installation Directory默認(rèn)為/usr/local/lib

因為Build Location默認(rèn)時喊式，.a文件會放在很長（比如：/Users/xxx/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/xxxProgram

dalrvzehhtesxdfqhxixzafvddwe/Build/Products/Debug-iPhoneos）的路徑下，或是我們target指定的路徑

Skip Install如果是NO,可能會被安裝到默認(rèn)路徑/usr/local/lib

2.Public Headers Folder Path：對外公開頭文件路徑

設(shè)為“include”（具體的頭文件路徑為：$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)/include/xx.h）

在最終文件.a同級目錄下生成一個include目錄

默認(rèn)：/usr/local/include

Public Headers Folder Path這個路徑就是使用這lib的某工程需要依賴的外部頭文件.導(dǎo)入這路徑后萧朝，#include/import "xx.h"才能看到

3.User Header Search Paths：依賴的外部頭文件搜索路徑

設(shè)置為“$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)/include”

和2中路徑對應(yīng)

4.Per-configuration Build Products Path：最終文件路徑

比如設(shè)為“../app”岔留，就會在工程文件.xcodeproj上一層目錄下的app目錄里，創(chuàng)建最終文件

默認(rèn)為$(BUILD_DIR)/$(CONFIGURATION)$(EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME)

等于$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)

5.Per-configuration Intermediate Build Files Path：臨時中間文件路徑

默認(rèn)為：$(PROJECT_TEMP_DIR)/$(CONFIGURATION)$(EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME)

6.Code Signing Identity：真機調(diào)試的證書選擇

選一個和Bundle identifier相對應(yīng)的證書

Library Search Paths：庫搜索路徑

Architectures：架構(gòu)检柬，設(shè)為 armv6 或 armv7

Valid Architectures：應(yīng)用框架献联，可以設(shè)為 armv6、 armv7 或i386

Product Name:工程文件名，默認(rèn)為$(TARGET_NAME)

Info.plist File：info文件路徑

Build Variants：默認(rèn)為normal

Other Linker Flags：其他鏈接標(biāo)簽

設(shè)為“-ObjC”

當(dāng)導(dǎo)入的靜態(tài)庫使用了類別里逆，需要設(shè)為-ObjC

iOS Deployment Target：ios部署對象

比如可以選擇設(shè)為进胯，ios3到ios5的一種版本

Prefix Header：預(yù)編頭文件（比如：UtilLib/UtilLib-Prefix.pch）

Precompile Prefix Header：設(shè)為“Yes”，表示允許加入預(yù)編譯頭

三运悲、workspace（工作區(qū)）

作用：管理多個工程（project）龄减，多工程聯(lián)編

四、workspace多工程聯(lián)編設(shè)置

一班眯、

1.新建一個靜態(tài)庫工程希停，比如UtilLib，并生成UtilLib.h和UtilLib.m文件

2.選中需要公開的頭文件署隘，

把右側(cè)欄的Target Membership中設(shè)置為public

或則宠能，選中工程目錄target的Build Phases標(biāo)簽的copy headers項，在public中添加要公開的頭文件

3.Architectures設(shè)為：armv6 armv7

4.Valid Architectures設(shè)為：armv6 armv7 i386

5.Build Products Path設(shè)為：$(SRCROOT)/../build

6.Per-configuration Build Products Path設(shè)為：

$(SRCROOT)/../build/$(CONFIGURATION)$(EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME)

7.Per-configuration Intermediate Build Files Path設(shè)為：

$(SRCROOT)/../build/$(TARGET_NAME).build/$(CONFIGURATION)$(EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME)

8.設(shè)置安裝路徑：Installation Directory項

9.設(shè)置對外公開的頭文件路徑：Public Headers Folder Path項

10.為靜態(tài)庫添加依賴的shell腳本

選中工程目錄target的Build Phases標(biāo)簽磁餐，點擊由下角的Add Build Phase按鈕

在彈出的菜單里選擇Add run script項违崇，然后頁面中會多出一個Run Script項

在黑框里填寫"$SRCROOT/mergeArmSymbols.sh"

建立對此腳本的依賴（編譯靜態(tài)庫的后會運行此腳本）

如果編譯時設(shè)備選的是iphone simulator：

則此腳本會在對應(yīng)iphone device的產(chǎn)品目錄Debug-iphoneos中，生成對device有用的.a靜態(tài)庫诊霹，

相反羞延，如果設(shè)備選的是iphone device：

則此腳本會在對應(yīng)iphone simulator的產(chǎn)品目錄Debug-iphoneos中，生成對simulator有用的.a靜態(tài)庫

最后脾还，此腳本調(diào)用lipo工具伴箩，把本工程生成靜態(tài)庫與此腳本生成的靜態(tài)庫合并，生成simulator和device都通用的.a文件

11.具體bash shell腳本如下：

[plain] view plaincopy
mergeArmSymbols.sh

Version 2.0 (updated for Xcode 4, with some fixes)

Author: Adam Martin - http://twitter.com/redglassesapps

Based on: original script from Eonil (main changes: Eonil's script WILL NOT WORK in Xcode GUI - it WILL CRASH YOUR COMPUTER)

More info: see this Stack Overflow question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3520977/build-fat-static-library-device-simulator-using-xcode-and-sdk-4

#################[ Tests: helps workaround any future bugs in Xcode ]########

DEBUG_THIS_SCRIPT="true"

if [ $DEBUG_THIS_SCRIPT = "true" ]
then
echo "########### TESTS #############"
echo "Use the following variables when debugging this script; note that they may change on recursions"
echo "BUILD_DIR = $BUILD_DIR"
echo "BUILD_ROOT = $BUILD_ROOT"
echo "CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR = $CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR"
echo "BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR = $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR"
echo "CONFIGURATION_TEMP_DIR = $CONFIGURATION_TEMP_DIR"
echo "TARGET_BUILD_DIR = $TARGET_BUILD_DIR"
echo "SDK_NAME = $SDK_NAME"
echo "PLATFORM_NAME = $PLATFORM_NAME"
echo "CONFIGURATION = $CONFIGURATION"
echo "TARGET_NAME = $TARGET_NAME"
echo "ARCH_TO_BUILD = $ARCH_TO_BUILD"
echo "ARCH_TO_BUILD = $ARCH_TO_BUILD"
echo "ACTION = $ACTION"
echo "SYMROOT = $SYMROOT"
echo "EXECUTABLE_NAME = $EXECUTABLE_NAME"
echo "CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR = $CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR"
echo "CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR = $CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR"

echo "#############Other###########"
echo "BUILD_DIR/CONFIGURATION/EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME = $BUILD_DIR/$CONFIGURATION$EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME"

echo "PROJECT_TEMP_DIR/CONFIGURATION/EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME = $PROJECT_TEMP_DIR/$CONFIGURATION$EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME"

fi

#####################[ part 1 ]##################

First, work out the BASESDK version number

(incidental: searching for substrings in sh is a nightmare! Sob)

SDK_VERSION=$(echo ${SDK_NAME} | grep -o '.{3}$')

Next, work out if we're in SIM or DEVICE

if [ ${PLATFORM_NAME} = "iphonesimulator" ]
then
OTHER_SDK_TO_BUILD=iphoneos${SDK_VERSION}
ARCH_TO_BUILD="armv6 armv7"
else
OTHER_SDK_TO_BUILD=iphonesimulator${SDK_VERSION}
ARCH_TO_BUILD="i386"
fi

echo "XCode has selected SDK: ${PLATFORM_NAME} with version: ${SDK_VERSION} (although back-targetting: ${IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET})"
echo "...therefore, OTHER_SDK_TO_BUILD = ${OTHER_SDK_TO_BUILD}"

#####################[ end of part 1 ]##################

#####################[ part 2 ]##################

IF this is the original invocation, invoke whatever other builds are required

Xcode is already building ONE target... build ONLY the missing platforms/configurations.

if [ "true" == ${ALREADYINVOKED:-false} ]
then
echo "RECURSION: Not the root invocation, don't recurse"
else

Prevent recursion

export ALREADYINVOKED="true"

echo "RECURSION: I am the root... recursing all missing build targets..."
echo "RECURSION: ...about to invoke: xcodebuild -configuration "${CONFIGURATION}" -target "${TARGET_NAME}" -sdk "${OTHER_SDK_TO_BUILD}" -arch "${ARCH_TO_BUILD}" ${ACTION} RUN_CLANG_STATIC_ANALYZER=NO"
xcodebuild -project "${TARGET_NAME}.xcodeproj" -configuration "${CONFIGURATION}" -target "${TARGET_NAME}" -sdk "${OTHER_SDK_TO_BUILD}" -arch "${ARCH_TO_BUILD}" ${ACTION} RUN_CLANG_STATIC_ANALYZER=NO BUILD_DIR="${BUILD_DIR}" BUILD_ROOT="${BUILD_ROOT}" > "${BUILD_ROOT}.build_output"
ACTION="build"

Merge all platform binaries as a fat binary for each configurations.

Calculate where the (multiple) built files are coming from:

CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR=${SRCROOT}/../build/${CONFIGURATION}-iphoneos
CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR=${SRCROOT}/../build/${CONFIGURATION}-iphonesimulator

echo "Taking device build from: ${CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR}"
echo "Taking simulator build from: ${CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR}"

CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR=${SRCROOT}/../build/${CONFIGURATION}-universal
echo "...outputing a universal arm6/arm7/i386 build to: ${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}"

... remove the products of previous runs of this script

NB: this directory is only created by this script - it should be safe to delete

rm -rf "${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}"
mkdir "${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}"

echo "lipo: for current configuration (${CONFIGURATION}) creating output file: ${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME}"
lipo -create -output "${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME}" "${CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME}" "${CURRENTCONFIG_SIMULATOR_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME}"

#######custom########

copy universal lib to ../libs

libsDir=../libs
includeDir=../include

rm -rf "${libsDir}"
mkdir -p "${libsDir}"

echo "cp -R ${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME} ${libsDir}"

cp -R "${CREATING_UNIVERSAL_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_NAME}" "${libsDir}"

echo "cp -R ${CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR}/include ${includeDir}"

cp -R "${CURRENTCONFIG_DEVICE_DIR}/include" "${includeDir}"

fi

下載右邊的圖片鄙漏，然后把后綴改為.sh（其實就是上面的腳本嗤谚，因為博客園只能上傳圖片)

靜態(tài)庫編譯后的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

二、

1.新建主工程怔蚌，比如Nuno巩步，添加對靜態(tài)庫的依賴

點擊工程，在Build Phases標(biāo)簽的Link Binary With Libraries項中點擊加號添加UtilLib.a庫

選中上面的紅色項桦踊，在右邊欄的Location選Relative to Project椅野，把值設(shè)為../libs/libUtilLib.a

2.設(shè)置主工程依賴的外部頭文件路徑：User Header Search Paths項

$(SRCROOT)/../include

3.設(shè)置Header Search Paths為：$(SRCROOT)/../include

4.設(shè)置Library Search Paths為：$(SRCROOT)/../libs

編譯運行即可實現(xiàn)聯(lián)編

(備注：選擇模擬器iphone 5.0 simulator，編譯靜態(tài)庫的時籍胯，最終文件會在Debug-iphonesimulator鳄橘，就算成功.a文件還是紅色，
這是可能是xcode的bug芒炼，不會自動切換路徑
因為$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)所指的位置，是build/Debug-iphonesos,不是包含最終.a文件的Debug-iphonesimulator术徊；
選擇ios Device本刽，編譯成的最終文件才在build/Debug-iphonesos下，.a文件變成非紅色
所有得用mergeArmSymbols.sh腳本來解決）