1娶耍、Five basic sentence patterns in Enlish
1.主語+謂語
eg. The universe remains.
2.主語+系動詞+表語
eg.The food is dilicious.
3.主語+謂語+賓語
eg.He took his bag and left.
4.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
eg.Her father bought her a dictionary.
5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補;賓補是補充前面賓語的內(nèi)容
eg.We made him our monitor.
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 有志者事竟成颠放。
2、Be動詞的形式和用法
Be, is, am, are ---現(xiàn)在式运准； was, were---過去式幌氮； being---現(xiàn)在分詞；
been---過去分詞
Be動詞后面接名詞戳吝，形容詞浩销，地點副詞或短語作補足語
eg.The man is a teacher; They are teachers; He was a teacher before.--- 過去式; He has been a teacher for three years.---過去完成式贯涎。
eg.Mary's new dresses are colorful.
eg.My mother was in the kitchen.
3听哭、Be動詞的否定、提問塘雳、回答
否定：am not陆盘，is not, are not, were not, was not
提問：is he a teacher?
回答：Yes, he is./ No he is not.
4、代詞的主格和賓格
代詞主格：I败明，he隘马， she, it, you, we, they
代詞賓格：me, him, her, it, you, us, them
eg. I like her.;He likes him.
5、形容詞性/名詞性物主代詞
形容詞性物主代詞表示......的妻顶，具有形容詞特性
形容詞性物主代詞單數(shù)形式：my, your, his, her, its
復數(shù)形式：our, your, their
eg: This is my book.; We love our motherland.; Those are your socks.
名詞性物主代詞具有名詞特性
名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)形式：mine, yours, his, hers, its, one's
復數(shù)形式：ours, yours, theirs
eg: The book is ours.; The apple is hers.
6酸员、反身代詞
myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves
eg. Please help yourself to some fish. 隨便吃點魚。 We enjoyed ourselves last night. The thing itself is not important. She gained control of herself.
反身代詞用作賓語與同位語讳嘱，同位語是用來解釋說明前面名詞成分幔嗦。
7、實意動詞
有實際意義沥潭，Be動詞沒有實際意義邀泉。
come, read, go, watch, play, fly，have
來钝鸽，讀汇恤，去，看拔恰，玩因谎，飛, 有
1.He comes from Shengyang.
2.She is reading story books.
3.They went to American yesterday.
4.My mother will fly back to China next month.
5.We have watched the game for three times.
8、實意動詞的否定颜懊，提問财岔，回答?
使用助動詞進行否定阱穗，助動詞：do, does, did后面加not
1.I don't go to school by bus.
2.She doesn't watch TV everyday.
3.They didn't swim last night.
4.He often palys golf. 提問：Does he often paly golf? paly 變成原型。
5.Sam had breakfast yesterday. 提問：Did sam have breakfast yesterday? have 原型
9使鹅、使用疑問詞進行提問和回答
When, Where, who, what, how
eg. He bought three books yesterday.
提問：
1.Who bought three books yesterday?
2.What did he buy yesterday?
3.When did he buy three books?
對賓語進行提問時揪阶，用助動詞，若句中有助動詞患朱，放置疑問詞后鲁僚。
How long, how far, how often, why
1.They have been in China for three years. 提問：How long have they been in China? have為助動詞
2.It is about 4 kilometer from Beijing ti xi'an. 提問：How far is it from Beijing to xi'an.
3.They come to visit me once a month. 提問：How often do they come to visit me?
4.She came late, because she missed the bus. 提問： Why did she come late?
10、名詞
可數(shù)名詞(countable noun), apple, pencil, student; 有單數(shù)與復數(shù)之分裁厅；
復數(shù)如：apple-apples, pencil-pencils, tomato-tomatoes; 以s, z, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾的名詞冰沙，在該詞末尾加上后綴-es，bus-buses; 輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞执虹，將y轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閕在加es拓挥，candy-candies; 以o結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫袋励，加-es, tomato-tomatoes, 河馬：hippo-hippos侥啤，hippopotamus的縮寫。
可數(shù)名詞前加a/an/量詞
apple: an apple/two apples/a box of apple
tomato: a tomato/two tomatoes/a bag of tomatoes
不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun):salt, coffee, water, history, love 無復數(shù)形式
coffee: a cup of coffee
11茬故、指示代詞和不定代詞
指示代詞：標識人和事物的代詞盖灸，用來代替前面已經(jīng)提到過的名詞，this(these),that(those)
This is his book;Those apples were his
不定代詞磺芭，指代不確定的人或事物赁炎，常用的指示代詞：one, the other, some, any, something, nothing
No one knows where he is. Some of students want to go to Shanghai, but the others want to go to xi'an.
Each of the students has got a book.
11、形容詞
形容詞通常形容人或事物的狀態(tài)钾腺、性質(zhì)徙垫、大小等，通常用在名詞前放棒，Be動詞后姻报；
the beautiful girl; The girl is beautiful
The + 形容詞 = 復數(shù)名詞 表示一類，后面的動詞使用復數(shù)形式
The old need more care than the young.
12哨查、副詞
副詞可以修飾動詞逗抑、形容詞、其他副詞以及其他結(jié)構(gòu)
He runs very fast. ; She is very beautiful. ; They work very hard.
根據(jù)情況寒亥，放在助動詞之后邮府，實意動詞之前或之后；形容詞之前溉奕，其他副詞之前或之后褂傀；多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后加勤。
He speaks very fast. ; They have already left. ; They have already been repaired.
常用的頻度副詞： always, usually, often, sometimes, never, ...的位置通常放在一般動詞前面仙辟，be動詞后面同波，助動詞和實意動詞之間。
They always come early. ; Sam often writes homework at seven o'clock.
13叠国、不定量表達法
Some, any, most, every, all
Some與any表示一些未檩，Some 主要用于肯定句中，希望得到肯定回答粟焊，也可用在疑問句中冤狡；any主要用于否定與疑問句中。
I'd been expecting some letters the whole moring,but there were't any for me.
Some boys went camping yesterday.
Most 做形容詞時表示大部分的项棠，后面接復數(shù)名詞
Most people here are from China.
Every 表示“每一個悲雳，所有”，后面接單數(shù)名詞
Every one likes the film.?
All 表示“所有”香追，后面接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)合瓢，不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
All the cars are parked in the parking lot.
All the coffee is served on time.
Both:表示兩者都，可做形容詞透典，代詞與副詞晴楔； either：兩者之一； neither：兩者都不
Both his eyes were severly burned.
There are trees on either side of the street.
Neither answer is correct.
Many 修飾可數(shù)名詞掷匠，表示許多滥崩，Much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示許多岖圈。
a lot of (lots of)讹语， plently of 均可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
many books, much water, a lot of/lots of books.
a few 為肯定含義“幾個”蜂科，few 為否定含義 “沒幾個”顽决；和可數(shù)名詞連用
A few books are put into the box.
Few books are put into box.
A little 為肯定含義“一點兒”；little 為否定含義“沒多點”导匣；和不可數(shù)名詞連用
There is a little water in the bottle.
There is little water in the bottle.
None 和no one 的意思相同才菠，主要做代詞，翻譯為“一個也不贡定；一點也不”赋访，用法稍有區(qū)別
None 可以接of 短語、動詞缓待，可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)
No one 不能接of 短語蚓耽，動詞只能用單數(shù)
No one knows the answer.
None of us have arrived.
14、There be, Here be
根據(jù)上下文,有多種翻譯方法旋炒，可以翻譯成“有”步悠，“是”，Be動詞根據(jù)后面名詞的單復數(shù)變化
There is a book on the bookshelf.
There are some books on the bookshelf.
Here is the bus stop.
Here are your books.
15瘫镇、一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時
一般現(xiàn)在時表示通常性鼎兽、規(guī)律性答姥、習慣性的狀態(tài)或者動作，主語是單三時谚咬，動詞有單三變化鹦付。
They often get up at 7:00.? ? ?He often gets up at 7:00.
一般現(xiàn)在時，動詞的單三變化择卦，一般在動詞尾加s：play-plays; 以字母s, x, ch和o結(jié)尾的動詞加es睁壁， guess-guesses; 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i再加es互捌， study-studies.
一般現(xiàn)在時的否定潘明、疑問句用do,does幫助完成
He doesn't like the car.? ? ?Does he like the car?
現(xiàn)在進行是表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，句中通常有now等時間副詞呼應秕噪，基本構(gòu)成形式為be+doing.
They are watching TV.
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則：一般情況下直接在動詞后加ing钳降，work-working; 動詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，要去e加ing, take-taking; 重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞腌巾，要雙寫詞尾字母再加ing遂填，如cut-cutting；以ie結(jié)尾的動詞澈蝙，變y再加ing吓坚，如lie-lying.
現(xiàn)在進行時變否定句和疑問句時，將Be動詞否定或提前
They aren't watching TV.? ? ? ? Are they watching TV?
16灯荧、一般過去式和過去進行時
一般過去時表示過去某個時間段里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)礁击，過去習慣性，經(jīng)常性的行為
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞過去式+其他逗载，一般動詞后面加上ed哆窿，還有一些不規(guī)則動詞的不規(guī)則變化。 play-played; come-came; go-went.
He worked very hard last night. ; They came here by car.
動詞一般過去式變化規(guī)則： 一般在動詞后加ed厉斟，play-played ; 在以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞后挚躯，只加d,like-liked. ; 在以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞后，改y為i再加ed擦秽，supply-supplied. 在以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞后码荔，雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加ed，如plan-planned.
過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)進行或發(fā)生的動作感挥，其形式為was/were + doing.
They were waiting for you.
He was talking with his friend just now.
17缩搅、將來時
一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋粫r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)链快，常常和表示將來的時間狀語連用誉己。 tomorrow, next week, in the future
助動詞will和shall + 動詞原型， 表示將來發(fā)生的事
They will go to Shanghai by ship romorrow.
We shall leave for Shanghai next month.
Be going to +動詞原形 用來表示近期或事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動作域蜗，以及已有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事巨双，意為“打算噪猾，就要”
They are going to play football this afternon.
She is going to learn French next year.
Be doing 表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞：go, come, leave, start, arrive可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時
They are leaving for Shanghai.
She is arriving tomorrow.
18、過去式
現(xiàn)在完成式（have + 過去分詞）動作在過去發(fā)生筑累，對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果袱蜡，動作可能還會持續(xù)，可使用時間狀語：already 和 yet?
They have already arrived in Shanghai.
She has played soccer for 3 hours.
She hasn't finished the homework yet.
過去完成時（had + 過去分詞）表示句中的動作發(fā)生在過去之前慢宗，即過去的過去坪蚁，已經(jīng)完成，對過去造成了一定的影響或后果镜沽。
She had played soccer for 3 hours.
Had they planned to stay here.
19敏晤、動詞
動詞根據(jù)功能分為四類：實意動詞（notional verb), 系動詞(link verb), 助動詞(auxiliary verb), 情態(tài)動詞(model verb)
動詞有數(shù)量和時態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)通常有三大時態(tài)：現(xiàn)在缅茉，過去和將來嘴脾；根據(jù)動作進行的狀態(tài)可分為：一般時，進行時和完成時蔬墩；使用動詞時通常將上述結(jié)合译打。
20、情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞（Modal verbs）本身有一定的詞義拇颅，表示語氣的單詞奏司。但是不能獨立作謂語，只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語樟插。情態(tài)動詞用在行為動詞前韵洋，表示說話人對這一動作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設想。
can/could 表示能力岸夯，用be able to可代替麻献；can/could 表示現(xiàn)在/過去的能力；客觀可能性（can的可能性大）
He can/could/is able to swim. ; He can/could come tomorrow. ; Can/could i stay here?
may/might 表示可能性猜扮，may 的可能性大，請求监婶，允許用might 更委婉
He may/might come here by bus.
May/might i join you?
Should / ought to / must (have to)
Should 表示勸告旅赢，建議，命令惑惶，其同義詞是ought to 煮盼；Should 強調(diào)主觀看法，而ought to 強調(diào)客觀要求带污，在疑問句中通常用Should代替ought to
You should/ought to do the job right now.
Should they stay here now?
Must /have to 表示必須僵控，必要，Must 表示主觀多一些鱼冀，而have to則表示客觀多一些
have to有時態(tài)和數(shù)量的變化报破，must 和 have to 二者的否定意義不大相同
You mustn't go.? ? ?You don't have to.
need “需要” 1悠就、情態(tài)動詞；2充易、實意動詞（有三單和時態(tài)的變化梗脾，后面加帶to的不定時）
(model verb) He need come here early. ; He needn't come here early. ; Need he come here early?
(notional verb) He needs to come here early. ; He doesn't need to come here early. ; Does he need to come here early.
回答must 和 have to 的提問句時，否定使用needn;t , don't have to 等回答方式
Must i come here early tomorrow?
No, you needn't
had better / would rather?
had better 表示“最好做某事”盹靴，had 雖然是過去式炸茧，但是不表征過去，better 后面接動詞原形
He had better eat more. ; You'd better finish it right now.
Would rather 表示“寧愿稿静，寧可梭冠，還是......為好”，語感上比had better 要輕改备。
You would rather deal with it now.
否定形式分別為：had better not + 動詞原形 妈嘹； would rather not + 動詞原形
He had better not eat more. ; You would rather not deal with it now.
Used to , would 表示過去習慣性動作，可翻譯成“過去常常...”
used to 可指過去的狀態(tài)或情況绍妨，would 則不可
The novel used to be popular.?
Would 表示反復發(fā)生的動作润脸，如果某一動作沒有反復性就不可用would，只可用used to
He would practise englishc everyweek. ;? I used to live in Beijing.
Used to 表示過去經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)他去，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束毙驯，would 則表示有可能再發(fā)生
People used to believe that the earth was falt.
He would go to the park as soon as he was free.
情態(tài)動詞的否定：情態(tài)動詞+not+動詞原形
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
He can't sing an English song. ; He mustn't go here. ; He doesn't have to go here.
You oughtn't to have told them this bad news, but you did.
使用情態(tài)動詞進行提問，情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形
Can he sing an English song? ; Does he have to go there?
情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞： 表達過去的事實灾测；有推測的含義
He can/could have arrived. He may/might have arrived. ; He must have arrived.
Should have +過去分詞 (本應該......)爆价；needn't have? + 過去分詞(本不需要......)
He should have arrived. ; They should have finished the work. ; You needn't have done so.
Must have + 過去分詞 (準時已經(jīng)......)；can't have +過去分詞(不可能已經(jīng)......)
He must have arrived. ; He can't have arrived.
can not…too\enough表示"無論怎樣``````也不過分","越``````越好"：
You can't be too careful.? ? ?你越細心越好
21媳搪、被動語態(tài)
如果主語是動作的承受著铭段，則用動詞的被動語態(tài)做謂語
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：Be + 動詞的過去分詞......by sb.
He is taken to American by his mother. ; The information is needed by us. ; The book was being read by him. ; The computer could have been used by them.
被動語態(tài)也可以和情態(tài)動詞結(jié)合
The food could be taken away. could可以替換成might be/must be/should be/needs (taking away)/had better be?
Books used to be returned in two days.
被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句;助動詞+主語+（其他助動詞）+動詞過去分詞-
Is the information needed by hin? ; Has the computer been used by her? ; Will the room be cleaned?
被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問句：疑問詞+助動詞+主語+（其他助動詞）+動詞過去分詞-
The infoemation is needed by them. What is needed by them?
The girl is taken to Shanghai. ; Where is the girl taken?
The book has read three times. ; How many times has the book been read?
22、to+動詞原形與動詞原形+ing （非謂語動詞）
動詞不定式：由to+動詞原形構(gòu)成秦爆，可以做主語序愚、賓語、賓補等限、定語爸吮、表語和狀語
主語：To get there by bike will take us an hour.
賓語：The driver failed to see the car in time.
賓補：We believe him to be guilty.
定語：The next train to arrive is from seoul.
表語和狀語：My suggestion is to put off the meeting. ; I come here only to say goodbay to you.
動詞原形+ing，可作動名詞用望门，具有動詞的特征和變化形式形娇，但在句子中的用法及功能類同名詞，在句子可以做主語筹误、賓語桐早、表語、定語。它也可以被副詞修飾或者支配賓語
Reading is an art. ; They went on walking and never stopped talking. ; Your task is quickly cleaning the window. ; This is a reading room.
能跟動名詞的動詞有: avoid; consider; delay; dislike; endure; enjoy; escape; forgive; finish; imagine; keep; mind; miss; pardon; prevent; resist; suggest; understand; can't; help......
能跟不定式的動詞有：decide; desire; expect; hope; mean; pretend; promise; refuse; undertake（承擔）; want; wish; agree; manage
能跟動名詞與不定式的動詞有：love; like; hate; prefer; begin; continue; intend; attempt; propose; want; need; remember; forget; regret; try; deserve; start
動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式哄酝，含義不相同友存，總的來說，表示習慣的炫七，一般性的動作多跟動名詞爬立，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。
remember, forget. regret后面跟動名詞時万哪，動名詞表示過去的動作侠驯，后跟不定式時，不定式表示將來的動作奕巍。
I remember meeting him in the street. ; I remember to write a letter to my parents.
stop + 動名詞 表示停止動名詞所表示的動作吟策， stop +不定式 表示停下來，做不定式表示的動作的止。
Stop smoking, please. ; Let's stop to have a rest.
forget to do 忘記做...（未做）檩坚；forget doing 忘記已做...（已做）
同remember
see, watch, hear sb. do/doing（動作結(jié)束/動作在進行）
let; make; notice; hear; have; help; see; watch; feel (感官動詞）省去to不定式做賓補，在改被動語態(tài)時省去的to還原诅福。
Someone heard him sing in the room. ; He was heard to sing in the room.
what/How about doing ; be good at doing ; 介詞 + doing
假主語匾委、真主語、不定式/動名詞的否定式
to 不定式或動名詞可以在主語的位置上氓润，但一般用it代替它作為形式主語
It 's a great honor to be invited. ; It is no use crying over spilt milk.
在賓語的位置上赂乐，用it代替它作形式賓語，這種情況it叫形式賓語
We think it important to learn English.
I found it pleasant walking in the park.
對動名詞和不定式進行否定時咖气，在不定式或動名詞前加not否定就可以了
He pretended not to see her.
He regrets not join them.
to 不定式表目的
in order to +v 表示目的挨措，由in order to 引導的目的狀語置于句首，句尾均可
so as to +v 表示目的崩溪，由so as to 引導的目的狀語置于句尾
I have written it down in order to remember it.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
它們的否定形式分別在to前面加not
I have written it down in order not to forget it.
He said nothing so as not to be noticed.
常見的不定式與動名詞浅役，包含不定式和動名詞的一些固定搭配
too...to... 太...以至于不能? ? ?The room is too small to live.
enough +n +to +v ; adj +enough +to +v 足夠...可以...
There is enough food to eat. ; The box is big enough to contain six apples.
On +ving 一...就...? ?On seeing the snake, the girl was very frightened.
There is no hope of +ving 沒希望...? ?There is no hope of seeing him.
feel like +ving 想要...? ?I feel like eating ice cream now.
have a hard time +ving? 做...艱難? They have a hard time solving the problem themselves.
現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞伶唯、分詞句
ving 可稱為動名詞觉既，也可稱為現(xiàn)在分詞 Writing books is his job. He is writing a book.
動詞被動語態(tài)形式可稱為動詞的過去分詞，用在完成時和被動語態(tài)當中
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
Accompanied by his friends, he went to the railway station.
Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
原形不定式抵怎，使役動詞奋救，表示“使/讓......”
have,make,let 做使役動詞構(gòu)成形式為 have/make/let +賓語 +v
He made me laugh. ; I let him go. ; Please have him come here.
get 和 help 都做使役動詞，get的使役動詞句為：get +賓語 +to +v反惕，help 的使役動詞為“help +賓語 +(to) +v”.
I can't get anyone to do the work properly. ; I helped him to repair the car.
使役動詞(have, make, let, get, help) +賓語 +過去分詞，表示“讓某物/人被別人...”
I must get my hair cut. ; He couldn't make himself heard. 被別人聽到
Can you get the work finished in time??
感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, taste, feel +賓語 +動詞原形/現(xiàn)在分詞
a) +動詞原形演侯，表示動作的真實性 姿染； b) +現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動作的連續(xù)性，進行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. ; I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
和使役動詞相似悬赏，感官動詞后可接過去分詞狡汉，“感官動詞 +賓語 +過去分詞”
John saw the man knocked down by the car.? ?被撞倒。
23【假設】單純表示條件
條件狀語從句闽颇，用“if”引導條件狀語從句盾戴，從句為現(xiàn)在時，通常譯作“如果...”
if you get up early, you will catch up with the train.
if 引導的條件狀語從句兵多，可以放在句首尖啡，也可以放在句尾
if you ask him, he will help you. ; She will be upset if you fail the exam.
The cat scratches you if you pull her tail. (表示事實，不是將來發(fā)生剩膘，沒有用will）
與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設
If 從句是一種虛擬的條件式假設衅斩，和現(xiàn)在事實相反的，主從句時態(tài)具體如下：
從句：動詞過去式怠褐，Be用were
主句：would / could / should / might +動詞原形
If i were you, i would join them. ; She would come with you if you invited her.
與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣
if 從句是一種虛擬的條件或假設畏梆，和過去事實相反
主從句的時態(tài)具體如下;從句; had + 動詞過去分詞； 主句 would / could / should / might / + have +動詞過去分詞
If i had got there earlier, I should have met her.
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
wish 后面的從句 奈懒，為：希望...就好了奠涌，是不可能實現(xiàn)的假設。
與現(xiàn)在事實相反愿望：I wish I were as tall as you.
與過去事實相反愿望： He wished he hadn't said that.
將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望(would / should / could)：I wish it would rain tomorrow
as if 看起來好像...
從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反： You look as if you didn't care.
從句表示與過去事實相反: He talks about Rome as if he had be there before.
從句表示與將來事實相反： He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
24 定語從句（關系代詞）that who which whom
關系代詞：在從句中做一定成分或代替先行詞磷杏，起到連接現(xiàn)行詞和從句的作用溜畅。常用關系代詞 that who which whom
定語從句：在句中做定語；修飾一個名詞或代詞茴丰、被修飾的名詞叫先行詞达皿，其后的從句就是定語從句，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出贿肩。
The girl whom/that I spoke to is my cousin.?
先行詞是人的話峦椰，用that who whom whose 來引導定語從句，“whom” 在從句中做賓語汰规，"who / that" 在從句中即可作主語又可做賓語汤功。
They are the people who/that were seen yesterday.
They are the people whom/that/who I saw yesterday.
They are the people whose(屬格) wallets were lost yesterday.
先行詞時動物/事物的話，用which/that/whose來引導定語從句溜哮，which / that 在從句中可做主語和賓語滔金，作賓語時可以省略
He came back for the book which/that he had forgotten.
He came back for the book which/that was on the desk.
This is the chair whose legs were broken.
when where why (關系副詞)
why 用于修飾表示原因的名詞： We don't know the reason why he didn't show us.
When 修飾表示時間的名詞： We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.
where修飾表示地點的名詞： We don't know the place where he lives.
賓語從句（連詞）
賓語從句：在句中起賓語作用的從句
從屬連詞：that ; if ; whether? ;? 連接代詞：who ; whom ; whose ; what? ;? 連接副詞：when ; where ; why ; how
He told me (that) he would go to college the next week.
He said that he was there yesterday.
He doesn't know if/whether he was there.
Do you know whose book it is ?
He wants to know how they come.
25 比較級與最高級
通常在形容詞和副詞后面加：“er” ; “est”? : hard-harder-the hardest
詞尾是不發(fā)音的單音節(jié)e時，加“r” ; “st” : nice-nicer-the nicest
詞尾是輔音+y的雙音節(jié)時茂嗓，去掉“y” 加 “ier” ; “iest” : dry-drier-the driest healthy-healthier
以一個輔音結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)時替蔬，雙寫最后一個字母加“er” ： “est” : hot-hotter-the hottest ; thin-thinner-the thinnest
多音節(jié)和雙音節(jié)在形容詞和副詞前加
程度加強: more-the most ; 程度減弱：less-the least
interesting-more interesting-the most interesting
不規(guī)則變化：good-better-the best ; many-more-the most
He is taller than his bother. ; The book is more expensive than the pen. ; Her English is better than his.
He is the tallest in his class. ; The book is the most expensive of the three. ; Her English is the best among the three.?
