寫在前面

原視頻來(lái)自 TED 講座 Michael Murphy: Architecture that's built to heal, February 2016霉撵，字幕 (subtitle) 參考自官方網(wǎng)站礁蔗。

注：本文在字幕基礎(chǔ)上會(huì)有一些筆者個(gè)人的筆記，而且字幕會(huì)根據(jù)筆者聽(tīng)記和具體課程內(nèi)容進(jìn)行修改，如有錯(cuò)誤敬請(qǐng)告知。

Introduction: Architecture is more than a clever arrangement of bricks. In this eloquent talk, Michael Murphy shows how he and his team look far beyond the blueprint when they're designing. Considering factors from airflow to light, theirs is a holistic approach that produces community as well as (beautiful) buildings. He takes us on a tour of projects in countries such as Rwanda and Haiti, and reveals a moving, ambitious plan for The Memorial to Peace and Justice, which he hopes will heal hearts in the American South.

導(dǎo)言: 建筑是一門高深的學(xué)問(wèn)，不是巧妙排布一些磚塊所能概括的。在本次演講中 Michael Murphy 向我們展示了他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)是如何在設(shè)計(jì)建筑時(shí)，從冷冰冰的設(shè)計(jì)圖中跳脫出來(lái)逢渔，做出更深刻、更人性化的考慮则涯。從空氣流通考慮到采光效果复局，他們?nèi)轿坏脑O(shè)計(jì)可以將一個(gè)個(gè)社區(qū)變成美觀的建筑物。在此次演講中粟判，他將帶著我們一覽坐落于盧旺達(dá)亿昏、海地等國(guó)的項(xiàng)目，并向我們展示一項(xiàng)進(jìn)行中的宏偉計(jì)劃——和平與正義紀(jì)念館 (紀(jì)念因私刑而受害美國(guó)人的國(guó)家紀(jì)念館) ——他希望這能治愈美國(guó)南部的那些受傷心靈档礁。

Video 1

本節(jié)共 1 小節(jié)角钩，時(shí)長(zhǎng) 01:44。

• Every weekend for as long as I can remember, my father would get up on a Saturday,
• put on a worn sweatshirt and he'd scrape away at the squeaky old wheel of a house that we lived in.
• I wouldn't even call it restoration; it was a ritual, catharsis.
• He would spend all year scraping paint with this old heat gun and a spackle knife,
• and then he would repaint where he scraped, only to begin again the following year.
• Scraping and re-scraping, painting and repainting: the work of an old house is never meant to be done.

scrape v. 刮掉呻澜；刮擦递礼；刮傷
squeaky adj. 嘎吱作響的；發(fā)出尖厲聲的
catharsis /k??θɑ?rs?s/ n. (精神) 宣泄羹幸，凈化脊髓；導(dǎo)瀉，通便
heat gun 熱風(fēng)槍 spackle knife 抹墻用的刮刀

• 此處第二條中的 squeaky old wheel 原指嘎吱響的舊輪子栅受，這里比喻房子老舊得像舊輪子一樣将硝。

• The day my father turned 52, I got a phone call.
• My mother was on the line to tell me that doctors had found a lump in his stomach,
• terminal cancer, she told me, and he'd been given only three weeks to live.
• I immediately moved home to Poughkeepsie, New York, to sit with my father on deathwatch, not knowing what the next days would bring us.
• To keep myself distracted, I rolled up my sleeves, and I went about finishing what he could now no longer complete -- the restoration of our old home.

Poughkeepsie /p??k?psi/ n. (地名) 波基浦西恭朗，紐約州東南部的一個(gè)城市
deathwatch n. 臨終看護(hù)；死囚的看守

• When that looming three-week deadline came and then went, he was still alive.
• And at three months, he joined me. We gutted and repainted the interior.
• At six months, the old windows were refinished, and at 18 months, the rotted porch was finally replaced.
• And there was my father, standing with me outside, admiring a day's work, hair on his head, fully in remission,
• when he turned to me and he said, "You know, Michael, this house saved my life."

looming adj. (尤指不希望或不愉快的事情) 迫近的依疼，逼近的
gut v. 摧毀 (建筑物的) 內(nèi)部痰腮；取出 ... 的內(nèi)臟 (以便烹飪) n. 腸；內(nèi)臟律罢；(非正式膀值、常用復(fù)數(shù)) 膽量；(非正式) 肚腩 adj. 直覺(jué)的误辑，感性的沧踏，非理性的
refinish v. 再拋光；修補(bǔ) ... 的漆 finish v. 完成稀余；結(jié)束悦冀，用盡 n. 結(jié)尾趋翻，結(jié)局睛琳；拋光；末道漆
rotted adj. 腐爛的踏烙，被腐蝕的 rot v. (使) 腐爛师骗，腐敗變質(zhì) rotten adj. 腐爛的，被腐蝕的讨惩；墮落的辟癌；糟糕的；(感覺(jué)) 不舒服的
porch n. 門廊荐捻，走廊
remission n. (癥狀) 緩解黍少；(費(fèi)用) 減免，免除处面；寬恕厂置，減刑

1. Renovating the house saved his father's life because it gave him purpose and meaning.

renovate v. 修復(fù)，翻新魂角；更新昵济，革新

Video 2

本節(jié)共 2 小節(jié)，時(shí)長(zhǎng) 03:44野揪。

• So the following year, I decided to go to architecture school.
• But there, I learned something different about buildings.
• Recognition seemed to come to those who prioritized novel and sculptural forms, like ribbons, or ... pickles?
• And I think this is supposed to be a snail.
• Something about this bothered me.
• Why was it that the, the best architects -- the greatest architecture, all beautiful and visionary and innovative,
• is also so rare, and seems to serve so very few?
• And more to the point: With all of this creative talent, what more could we do?

pickle n. 腌黃瓜访忿，(俚語(yǔ)) 黃瓜條狀的物體；腌菜斯稳，咸菜海铆，泡菜 v. 腌制

• Just as I was about to start my final exams, I decided to take a break from an all-nighter
• and go to a lecture by Dr. Paul Farmer, a leading health activist for the global poor.
• And I was surprised to hear a doctor talking about architecture.
• Buildings are making people sicker, he said, and for the poorest in the world, this is causing epidemic-level problems.
• In this hospital in South Africa, patients that came in with, say, a broken leg, to wait in this unventilated hallway,
• walked out with a multidrug-resistant strand of tuberculosis.
• Simple designs for infection control had not been thought about, and people had died because of it.
• "Where are the architects?" Paul said.
• If hospitals are making people sicker, where are the architects and designers to help us build and design hospitals that allow us to heal?

unventilated /?n?vent?le?t?d/ adj. 不通風(fēng)的；沒(méi)有通風(fēng)設(shè)備的 ventilation n. 空氣流通挣惰；通風(fēng)設(shè)備
tuberculosis /tu??b??rkj??lo?s?s/ n. (尤指肺部的) 結(jié)核病

1. it's understaffed.

understaffed adj. 人手不足的

• That following summer, I was in the back of a Land Rover with a few classmates, bumping over the mountainous hillside of Rwanda.
• For the next year, I'd be living in Butaro in this old guesthouse, which was a jail after the genocide.
• I was there to design and build a new type of hospital with Dr. Farmer and his team.
• If hallways are making patients sicker,
• what if we could design a hospital that flips the hallways on the outside, and makes people walk in the exterior?
• If mechanical systems rarely work, what if we could design a hospital that could breathe through natural ventilation,
• and meanwhile reduce its environmental footprint?
• And what about the patients' experience?
• Evidence shows that a simple view of nature can radically improve health outcomes,
• so why couldn't we design a hospital where every patient had a window with a view?
• Simple, site-specific designs can make a hospital that heals.

rover n. 流浪者卧斟，漫游者
bump v. (車在路上) 顛簸而行系草；碰撞 n. 碰撞，(尤指不嚴(yán)重的) 撞車唆涝；隆起找都，腫塊；(數(shù)量或規(guī)模上的) 增加
mountainous adj. 多山的廊酣，大量的能耻；山一般的，巨大的
Rwanda /r??wɑ?nd?/ n. (地名) 盧旺達(dá)
guesthouse n. 招待所亡驰，客房 (a house separate from the main house; for housing guests)
genocide n. 滅絕整個(gè)種族的大屠殺晓猛；種族滅絕
rarely /?rerli/ adv. 不常，很少凡辱，罕有戒职，難得 really /?ri??li/ adv. 非常；真正地透乾，真實(shí)地洪燥；實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上乳乌；確實(shí)

• 此處第一條中的 Land Rover 指路虎越野車捧韵。路虎是一個(gè)起源于英國(guó)的汽車品牌，主營(yíng) SUV 車型 (Sport Utility Vehicle, 越野車)汉操。
• 此處第一條中的 Rwanda 指 the Republic of Rwanda (盧旺達(dá)共和國(guó))再来，位于非洲中東部。
• 此處第二條中的 Butaro 指布塔洛地區(qū)磷瘤，隸屬盧旺達(dá)北部省布雷拉縣芒篷，講師所在團(tuán)隊(duì)在這里輔助建立了 Butaro Hopspital。
• 此處第二條中的 genocide 指 Rwandan genocide (盧旺達(dá)種族大屠殺)采缚，其發(fā)生于 1994 年针炉，傷亡約 80 至 100 萬(wàn)人 (約該國(guó) 1/8 人口)，使這個(gè)原本貧困的國(guó)家處于經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰的邊緣仰担。

• Designing it is one thing; getting it built, we learned, is quite another.
• We worked with Bruce Nizeye, a brilliant engineer, and he thought about construction differently than I had been taught in school.
• When we had to excavate this enormous hilltop and a bulldozer was expensive and hard to get to the site,
• Bruce suggested doing it by hand, using a method in Rwanda called "Ubudehe," which means "community works for the community."
• Hundreds of people came with shovels and hoes, and we excavated that hill in half the time and half the cost of that bulldozer.
• Instead of importing furniture, Bruce started a guild, and he brought in master carpenters to train others in how to make furniture by hand.
• And on this job site, 15 years after the Rwandan genocide,
• Bruce insisted that we bring on labor from all backgrounds, and that half of them be women.

bulldozer /?b?ldo?z?r/ n. 推土機(jī) shovel n. 鏟子 v. 用鏟挖糊识；把 ... 大量送入，把 ... 胡亂塞入 hoe n. (長(zhǎng)柄) 鋤頭 v. 用鋤頭鋤地 (或除草)
guild n. 協(xié)會(huì)摔蓝，行會(huì)赂苗，同業(yè)公會(huì)
carpenter n. 木匠，木工 v. 制作

• 此處第八條中使用了 insist that ... (should) do ... 形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣贮尉，其中 bring 和 be 使用動(dòng)詞原形是因?yàn)?should 被省略拌滋。

Video 3

本節(jié)共 2 小節(jié)，時(shí)長(zhǎng) 04:15猜谚。

• Bruce was using the process of building to heal, not just for those who were sick, but for the entire community as a whole.
• We call this the locally fabricated way of building, or "lo-fab," and it has four pillars:
• hire locally, source regionally, train where you can and most importantly,
• think about every design decision as an opportunity to invest in the dignity of the places where you serve.
• Think of it like the local food movement, but for architecture.
• And we're convinced that this way of building can be replicated across the world,
• and change the way that we talk about and evaluate architecture.

fabricate v. 裝配败砂，制造赌渣；偽造，捏造
pillar n. (系統(tǒng)昌犹、協(xié)議的) 核心坚芜；柱子，支柱斜姥；(表贊許) 棟梁鸿竖，頂梁柱

• Using the lo-fab way of building, even aesthetic decisions can be designed to impact people's lives.
• In Butaro, we chose to use a local volcanic stone found in abundance within the area, but often considered a nuisance by farmers, and piled on the side of the road.
• We worked with these masons to cut these stones and form them into the walls of the hospital.
• And when they began on this corner and wrapped around the entire hospital,
• they were so good at putting these stones together, they asked us if they could take down the original wall and rebuild it.
• And you see what is possible. It's beautiful.
• And the beauty, to me, comes from the fact that I know that hands cut these stones,
• and they formed them into this thick wall, made only in this place with rocks from this soil.

chose /t?o?z/ v.(+d) (choose 的過(guò)去式) 選擇，挑選 choose /t?u?z/ v. 選擇铸敏，挑選
nuisance /?nu?sns/ n. 麻煩事缚忧；討厭的人或事；損害杈笔，妨害
mason n. 石工闪水，泥瓦匠 v. 用磚瓦砌成 masonry n. 石工行業(yè)；磚石蒙具，石造建筑
take down (一塊塊地) 拆除球榆，拆卸，移除店量；(從高處) 取下芜果；記下 pull down (毀滅性地) 拆毀，摧毀融师，推翻；拉下來(lái)蚁吝，使 ... 下跌

• When you go outside today and you look at your built world, ask not only: "What is the environmental footprint?" -- an important question --
• but what if we also asked, "What is the human handprint of those who made it?"

• We started a new practice based around these questions, and we tested it around the world.
• Like in Haiti, where we asked if a new hospital could help end the epidemic of cholera.
• In this 100-bed hospital, we designed a simple strategy to clean contaminated medical waste before it enters the water table,
• and our partners at Les Centres GHESKIO are already saving lives because of it.

Haiti /?he?ti/ n. (地名) 海地
cholera /?kɑ?l?r?/ n. 霍亂旱爆，一種與消化系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的急性傳染病
water table 地下水位
les /le/ art. (法語(yǔ)) 定冠詞 centres /sɑ?tr/ n. (法語(yǔ)) 中心

• 此處第二條中的 Haiti 指 the Republic of Haiti (海地共和國(guó))，位于加勒比海北部窘茁，是北美洲的一個(gè)島國(guó)怀伦。
• 此處第四條中的 Les Centres GHESKIO 指 GHESKIO 公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心，位于海地首都太子港山林。

• Or Malawi: we asked if a birthing center could radically reduce maternal and infant mortality.
• Malawi has one of the highest rates of maternal and infant death in the world.
• Using a simple strategy to be replicated nationally,
• we designed a birthing center that would attract women and their attendants to come to the hospital earlier and therefore have safer births.

Malawi /m??lɑ:wi/ n. (地名) 馬拉維
maternal /m??t??rnl/ adj. 母性的房待；母系的；母體遺傳的 mortality /m??r?t?l?ti/ n. 死亡數(shù)量驼抹；死亡率桑孩；必死的命運(yùn)
attendant n. 病人的護(hù)理人員；服務(wù)員框冀，侍者流椒；隨從，陪同者

• 此處第一條中的 Malawi 指 the Republic of Malawi (馬拉維共和國(guó))明也，位于非洲東南部宣虾。

• Or in the Congo, where we asked if an educational center could also be used to protect endangered wildlife.
• Poaching for ivory and bushmeat is leading to global epidemic, disease transfer and war.
• In one of the hardest-to-reach places in the world,
• we used the mud and the dirt and the wood around us to construct a center that would show us ways to protect and conserve our rich biodiversity.

poach v. 偷獵惯裕，挖走，竊刃逑酢蜻势；用文火煮
ivory n. 象牙，動(dòng)物的長(zhǎng)牙鹉胖；象牙制品咙边；象牙色 (偏黃的白色)
bushmeat /?b??mi?t/ n. 叢林肉，野味
mud n. 濕土次员，淤泥 dirt n. 泥土败许，塵土；灰塵淑蔚，污垢

• 此處第一條中的 the Congo 指 the Democratic Republic of the Congo (剛果民主共和國(guó))市殷，也即剛果 (金)，這里國(guó)名帶定冠詞 the 是因?yàn)槊衷从?the Congo River (剛果河)刹衫。順帶一提醋寝，剛果 (布) 也可以用 the Congo 簡(jiǎn)稱。

• Even here in the US, we were asked to rethink the largest university for the deaf and hard of hearing in the world.
• The deaf community, through sign language, shows us the power of visual communication.
• We designed a campus that would awaken the ways in which we as humans all communicate, both verbally and nonverbally.

• And even in Poughkeepsie, my hometown, we thought about old industrial infrastructure.
• We wondered: Could we use arts and culture and design
• to revitalize this city and other Rust Belt cities across our nation, and turn them into centers for innovation and growth?

• 此處第三條中的 Rust Belt (鐵銹地帶) 指美國(guó)東北部五大湖附近的傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)發(fā)生衰退的地區(qū)带迟，現(xiàn)在也用于泛指工業(yè)衰退的地區(qū)音羞。

• In each of these projects, we asked a simple question: What more can architecture do?
• And by asking that question, we were forced to consider how we could create jobs,
• how we could source regionally and how we could invest in the dignity of the communities in which we serve.
• I have learned that architecture can be a transformative engine for change.

transformative adj. 有改革能力的 transformable adj. 可轉(zhuǎn)化的，可變形的

1. To revitalize something means to give new life or vigor to it.

vigor n. 活力仓犬，精力嗅绰，元?dú)?/p>

Video 4

本節(jié)共 2 小節(jié)，時(shí)長(zhǎng) 05:32搀继。

• About a year ago, I read an article about a tireless and intrepid civil rights leader named Bryan Stevenson. (Bryan Stevenson is the founder of the Equal Justice Initiative, or EJI, a non-profit organization.)
• And Bryan had a bold architectural vision.
• He and his team had been documenting the over 4,000 lynchings of African-Americans that had happened in the American South.
• And they had a plan to mark every county where these lynchings occurred,
• and build a national memorial to the victims of lynching in Montgomery, Alabama.

intrepid adj. 無(wú)畏的窘面，勇敢的
lyching /?l?nt???/ n. 私刑 lynch v. 對(duì) ... 以私刑 (非法) 處死
county n. (美國(guó)的) 縣；(英國(guó)叽躯、愛(ài)爾蘭的) 郡
memorial /m??m??ri?l/ n. 紀(jì)念碑财边，紀(jì)念物；紀(jì)念性的
Montgomery /mɑ:nt'g?m?ri/ n. (地名) 蒙哥馬利点骑，阿拉巴馬州的首府和蒙哥馬利縣的縣治
Alabama /??l??b?m?/ n. (地名) 阿拉巴馬酣难，美國(guó)東南部的一個(gè)州

• 此處第五條提到 county (縣) 是 state (州政府) 下設(shè)的行政機(jī)構(gòu)，而 city (城市) 是由人民自發(fā)建立的黑滴，屬于人民自治憨募，它們?cè)谛姓偷乩砩隙紱](méi)有直接的從屬或包含關(guān)系。由于存在沒(méi)有自發(fā)建立 city 但屬于 county 的區(qū)域跷跪，所以一般州內(nèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)是針對(duì) county 來(lái)做的馋嗜。
  • 美國(guó)的行政權(quán)力是分散的，大致可以劃分到 federal (聯(lián)邦政府), state , city, school district (學(xué)區(qū)) 這四個(gè)互不從屬的部分吵瞻，它們互相不存在上下級(jí)關(guān)系葛菇。

• Countries like Germany and South Africa and, of course, Rwanda, have found it necessary to build memorials to reflect on the atrocities of their past,
• in order to heal their national psyche.
• We have yet to do this in the United States.

atrocity n. 暴行甘磨；兇惡，殘暴
psyche /?sa?ki/ n. 心靈

• So, I sent a cold email to info@equaljusticeinitiative.org: "Dear Bryan," it said,
• "I think your building project is maybe the most important project we could do in America and could change the way we think about racial injustice.
• By any chance, do you know who will design it?"
• Surprisingly, shockingly, Bryan got right back to me, and invited me down to meet with his team and talk to them.
• Needless to say, I canceled all my meetings and I jumped on a plane to Montgomery, Alabama.
• When I got there, Bryan and his team picked me up, and we walked around the city.
• And they took the time to point out the many markers that have been placed all over the city to the history of the Confederacy,
• and the very few that mark the history of slavery.

• 此處第七條中的 the Confederacy 指 the Confederate States of America (CSA, 美利堅(jiān)聯(lián)盟國(guó))眯停，是美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn) (1861-1865) 期間在如今美國(guó)南部的一部分地區(qū)存在的政權(quán)济舆，而 Montgomery 曾是 CSA 的首都。

• And then he walked me to a hill.
• And it overlooked the whole city.
• And he pointed out the river and the train tracks where the largest domestic slave-trading port in America had once prospered.
• And then to the Capitol rotunda, where George Wallace had stood on its steps and proclaimed, "Segregation forever."
• And then to the very hill below us. He said, "Here we will build a new memorial that will change the identity of this city and of this nation."

prosper v. (使) 興隆莺债，繁榮滋觉；(使) 成功
rotunda n. (尤指蓋有圓形碗裝屋頂?shù)? 圓形建筑，圓形大廳
segregation n. (尤指因種族齐邦、性別或宗教不同而采取的) 隔離
very adj. (置于名詞前表強(qiáng)調(diào)) 恰好的椎侠，正是的，僅僅的措拇，唯獨(dú)的我纪，最適合的，甚至的 adv. (置于形容詞丐吓、副詞和限定詞前) 很浅悉，非常，十分券犁，極

• 此處第四條中的 Capitol rotunda 指 Alabama State Capitol (阿拉巴馬州議會(huì)大廈)术健，在美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間是 CSA 的國(guó)會(huì)大廈 (the First Confederate Capitol)。順帶一提粘衬，由于歷史原因荞估，阿拉巴馬州的行政機(jī)構(gòu)曾遷移到 Alabama State House (阿拉巴馬州議會(huì)大廈 (新)) 辦公，后來(lái)除立法機(jī)構(gòu)外色难，整體又遷回翻新后的 Alabama State Capitol泼舱。
• 此處第四條中的 George Wallace (1919-1998) 曾三次出任 (共四屆) 阿拉巴馬州州長(zhǎng) (1963-1967, 1971-1979, 1983-1987)。

• Our two teams have worked together over the last year to design this memorial.
• The memorial will take us on a journey through a classical, almost familiar building type, like the Parthenon or the colonnade at the Vatican.
• But as we enter, the ground drops below us and our perception shifts,
• where we realize that these columns evoke the lynchings, which happened in the public square.
• And as we continue, we begin to understand the vast number of those who have yet to be put to rest.
• Their names will be engraved on the markers that hang above us.
• And just outside will be a field of identical columns.
• But these are temporary columns, waiting in purgatory, to be placed in the very counties where these lynchings occurred.
• Over the next few years, this site will bear witness, as each of these markers is claimed and visibly placed in those counties.
• Our nation will begin to heal from over a century of silence.

Parthenon /?pɑrθ??nɑn/ n. (建筑名) 帕特農(nóng)神廟枷莉，古希臘最具代表性的建筑
colonnade /?kɑ?l??ne?d/ n. 列柱，柱廊
Vatican /?v?t?k?n/ n. (地名) 梵蒂岡
perception n. (尤指通過(guò)視覺(jué)的) 感知尺迂；看法笤妙，理解；洞察力
column /?kɑ?l?m/ n. 圓形支柱噪裕，紀(jì)念柱蹲盘，柱狀物；行進(jìn)長(zhǎng)隊(duì)膳音；豎欄召衔，專欄
evoke v. 喚起 (感情、記憶祭陷、形象)苍凛；引起 (想法趣席、情感、反應(yīng))
engrave v. 在 ... 上雕刻 (字或圖案)
purgatory n. (羅馬天主教相信的) 煉獄醇蝴，受難的處所宣肚；折磨，苦難悠栓，煉獄般的經(jīng)歷
bear witness 作證霉涨，證明
claim v. 認(rèn)領(lǐng)；宣稱惭适，聲稱笙瑟，斷言；索要癞志，索賠往枷；奪走 (生命) n. 聲稱；索要今阳，索賠师溅；(尤指財(cái)產(chǎn)的) 所有權(quán)

• 此處第二條中的 colonnade 指 St. Peter's Square (圣彼得廣場(chǎng)) 的外圍的大理石柱廊。
• 此處第五條中的 have yet to do sth. 表示期待做某事盾舌，但直到句中所指時(shí)刻墓臭，這件事還沒(méi)做。yet 用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中時(shí)可以當(dāng)作一般副詞使用妖谴，表示 “直到現(xiàn)在” (up to the present time)窿锉，例如 have not yet done sth. 或者 have not done sth. yet 可以表示期待完成的事當(dāng)前還沒(méi)完成 (但未來(lái)不一定會(huì)完成它)。這里 have yet 和 have not yet 的區(qū)別在于膝舅，前者強(qiáng)調(diào) yet (對(duì)未來(lái)的期許)嗡载，后者強(qiáng)調(diào) have not (當(dāng)前還沒(méi)完成)。

• And when we think about how it should be built, we were reminded of Ubudehe, the building process we learned about in Rwanda.
• We wondered if we could fill those very columns with the soil from the sites of where these killings occurred.
• Brian and his team have begun collecting that soil and preserving it in individual jars with family members, community leaders and descendants.
• The act of collecting soil itself has led to a type of spiritual healing.
• It's an act of restorative justice.

• As one EJI team member noted in the collection of the soil from where Will McBride was lynched,
• "If Will McBride left one drop of sweat, one drop of blood, one hair follicle -- I pray that I dug it up and now that his whole body would be at peace."

follicle /?fɑ?l?kl/ n. (皮膚上的) 毛囊

• 此處第一條中的 Will McBride 指一名 1923 年被謀殺的老人仍稀，此前被指控侵犯人身罪洼滚，在無(wú)罪釋放的當(dāng)晚被一群蒙面人動(dòng)用私刑并謀殺。 (由于信息太少技潘，此條可能不準(zhǔn)確)

• We plan to break ground on this memorial later this year, and it will be a place to finally speak of the unspeakable acts that have scarred this nation.

break ground 破土動(dòng)工遥巴；開(kāi)業(yè)，起錨
scar v. 給 ... 留下傷疤或精神創(chuàng)傷 n. 傷疤享幽；(肉體或精神上的) 創(chuàng)傷铲掐；斷崖

• When my father told me that day that this house -- our house -- had saved his life,
• what I didn't know was that he was referring to a much deeper relationship between architecture and ourselves.
• Buildings are not simply expressive sculptures.
• They make visible our personal and our collective aspirations as a society.
• Great architecture can give us hope.
• Great architecture can heal.
• Thank you very much.

aspiration n. 志向，抱負(fù)值桩；送氣摆霉，吸氣

Grammar & Speaking

reckless adj. 魯莽的，做事不計(jì)后果的，無(wú)所顧忌的

灑灑水啦～