Active Reading

As we said at the beginning, we will be principally concerned in these pages with the development of skill in reading books; but the rules of reading that, if followed and practiced, develop such skill can be applied also to printed material in general, to any type of reading matter—to newspapers,magazines,pamphlets, articles,tracts, even advertisements.

【詞匯】1.pamphlet:小冊(cè)子（SYN：leaflet）;

2. Tract:(尤指宣揚(yáng)宗教府适、倫理菱皆、政治的）短文、傳單、小冊(cè)子

【概要】閱讀原則可以習(xí)得叛溢；并且適用于多種素材测蘑。

Since reading of any sort is an activity, all reading must to some degree be active. Completely passive reading is impossible;we cannot read with?our eyes?immobilized?and our minds asleep.Hence when we contrast active with passive reading, our purpose is, first, to call attention to the fact that reading can be more or less active, and second, to point out that the more active the reading the better. One reader is better than another in proportion as he is capable of a greater range of activity in reading and exerts more effort. He is better if he demands more of himself and of the text before him.

【詞匯】1. Immobilize v.

（in）Mobile(adj.) ?e.g. Mobile facilities;移動(dòng)設(shè)備

People are less mobile;行動(dòng)不便的人；

A highly mobile workforce具有很強(qiáng)流動(dòng)性的勞動(dòng)力

2. In proportion: 成反比 意思是：越active 的reader 越是好讀者。

3. Exert: v. To put more effort;

E.g.To get ideal scores, ?I must exert myself .

【概要】積極閱讀的目的：承認(rèn)閱讀本身就是一件積極行動(dòng)的事情漓骚；

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 積極閱讀的好處：他會(huì)表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的自主性和執(zhí)行力。

Though, strictly speaking, there can be no absolutely passive reading, many people think that, as compared with writing and speaking, which areobviously active undertakings, reading and listening are entirely passive. The writer or speaker must put out some effort, but no work need be doneby the reader or listener. Reading and listening are thought of as receiving communication from someone who is actively engaged in giving orsending it.The mistake here is to suppose that receiving communication is like receiving a blow or a legacy or a judgment from the court. On thecontrary, the reader or listener is much more like the catcher in a game of baseball.

【詞匯】catcher:棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)的接球手（攻方隊(duì)員）

【概要】指出認(rèn)知誤區(qū)：人們通常認(rèn)為寫(xiě)作和表達(dá)是積極活動(dòng)榛泛，而閱讀和聽(tīng)力是消極活動(dòng)蝌蹂。

Catching the ball is just as much an activity as pitching or hitting it. The pitcher or batter is the sender in the sense that his activityinitiatesthe motionof the ball. The catcher or fielder is the receiver in the sense that his activityterminatesit. Both are active, though the activities are different. Ifanything is passive, it is the ball. It is theinert thingthat is put in motion or stopped, whereas the players are active, moving to pitch, hit, or catch.The analogy withwriting and reading is almost perfect. The thing that is written and read, like the ball, is the passive object common to the twoactivities that begin and terminate the process.

【詞匯】1.initiate: v. To make sth begin

E.g. The government has initiated a program of economic reform.

2. Terminate: v. To make sth end (OPP)

E.g. This contract was terminated at once.

3. Inert adj. Without power to move or act.

E.g. She lay inert on the bed.

4. Analogy n.

Draw a analogy between A and B;

Analogy with...

5.put in motion：to start sth moving

E.g. They put the machinery in motion.

【摘要】：評(píng)析認(rèn)知誤區(qū)：作者認(rèn)為閱讀和寫(xiě)作都是積極活動(dòng)；他把它們和棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)中的接球和發(fā)球做類比曹锨，棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在這兩種動(dòng)作中都在為得分努力孤个，所以是積極運(yùn)動(dòng)。閱讀和寫(xiě)作同理可得沛简。

We can take this analogy a step further. The art of catching is the skill of catching every kind of pitch—fast balls andcurves,changeupsandknucklers.Similarly, the art of reading is the skill of catching every sort of communication as well as possible.

【詞匯】：1.curve: v.沿曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)

E.g. The ball curves through the air.

2.changeup 變速

3. Knuckler 慢速

【概要】作者指出：接球員能接住各種球速的球齐鲤，閱讀同理，能閱讀并獲取各種信息椒楣。

It is noteworthy that the pitcher and catcher are successful only to the extent that they cooperate. The relation of writer and reader is similar. The writer isn’t trying not to be caught, although it sometimes seems so. Successful communication occurs in any case where what the writer wanted to have received finds its way into the reader’s possession. The writer’s skill and the reader’s skill converge upon a common end.

【詞匯】1.it is noteworthy that: it is noticeable that...

2. Converge(v.)--convergent(adj.)

Converge (on) e.g. Convergent ideas

【概要】作者指出閱讀和寫(xiě)作相輔相成给郊。

Admittedly, writers vary, just as pitchers do. Some writers have excellent “control”; they know exactly what they want to convey, and they convey it precisely and accurately. Other things being equal, they are easier to “catch” than a “wild” writer without “control.”

【概要】作者指出：一位優(yōu)秀的作者具備以下兩種能力：簡(jiǎn)明扼要地傳遞重要信息；獲取哪重要信息捧灰。這就是他們對(duì)于文字“掌控”的表現(xiàn)淆九。

There is one respect in which the analogy breaks down. The ball is a simple unit. It is either completely caught or not. A piece of writing, however,is a complex object. It can be received more or less completely,all the way from very little of what the writer intended to the whole of it.Theamount the reader “catches” will usually depend on the amount of activity he puts into the process, as well as upon the skill with which he executesthe different mental acts involved.

【詞匯】1.break down :此處因理解為：類比有失妥當(dāng)之處

2. Execute(熟詞僻義）v. Perform

E.g. He executes a plan.

【概要】：作者指出閱讀和棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)的區(qū)別是：前者不是非黑即白的結(jié)果，而是滲透式切入，收獲多少取決于讀者的投入和運(yùn)用的方法論吩屹。

【加粗處解析】：寫(xiě)作和棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)不同跪另，它會(huì)讓你從知之甚少達(dá)到通盤(pán)皆知的程度。

What does active reading entail? We will return to this question many times in this book. For the moment, it suffices to say that, given the same thing to read, one person reads it better than another, first, by reading it more actively, and second, by performing each of the acts involved more skillfully. These two things are related. Reading is a complex activity, just as writing is. It consists of a large number of separate acts, all of which must be performed in a good reading. The person who can perform more of them is better able to read.

【詞匯】：1.entail v. Involve/need

E.g. This work entails a lot of professional skills.

2.it suffices to say that:閑言少敘

【概要】：兩點(diǎn)建議：積極閱讀煤搜；運(yùn)用方法論閱讀。

(PS： 原文由甘比學(xué)堂安妮篤師提供唧席！)

May

Feb 25, 2017