英語語法

根據(jù) 劉曉艷老師 的書整理树肃,有做小部分的改動,僅供參考瀑罗,建議購買教材啦,書上有許多恰當?shù)睦踝映樱约耙恍┯柧殹?/p>

英語語法

Part 1

中文:

中文中我們把句子成分分為了:主 謂 賓 定 狀 補

但是中文的表述過程可以不那么明確的體現(xiàn)他的結(jié)構(gòu)性

英文:

同樣有:主 謂 賓 表 定 狀 補 同位語

英文的基本結(jié)構(gòu):

主謂

主謂賓

主謂表

主謂雙賓

主謂賓賓補

主謂:

He died.

主謂賓&主謂表:

兩者的區(qū)別在于 謂語

主謂賓

結(jié)構(gòu)中 謂語一定是 ”實意動詞“斩祭;

實意動詞:明確表達動作的動詞,也成為行為動詞

主謂表

結(jié)構(gòu)中 謂語為 ”系動詞“乡话;

系動詞:(6類)

表狀態(tài):be

表感官:look,sound,taste,smell,feel

表變化:get,become,turn,grow,fall

表保持:keep,stay,remain,stand

表表象:seem,appear

表終止或者結(jié)果:prove(證明摧玫,證實)

這其中有些系動詞在部分含義上也是實意動詞:

get:得到

turn:轉(zhuǎn)動,轉(zhuǎn)彎

grow:成長

fall:下降

keep:繼續(xù)绑青,飼養(yǎng)

stay:逗留

主謂雙賓

主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

He teaches us English.

這類動詞:

buy pass lend give tell teach show bring send

主謂賓賓補

主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語

  1. You should keep the room clean and tidy.賓補成分:形容詞
  1. We made his our monitor.賓補成分:名詞
  1. His father told him not to play in the street.賓補成分:不定式
  1. My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.賓補成分:現(xiàn)在分詞
  1. Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.賓補成分:過去分詞

謂語:

謂語就是具有時態(tài)的系動詞或者實義動詞(詞組)诬像,在不包括情態(tài)動詞的謂語下。

一句話中可以有多個動詞么

好問題有水平昂///

emmm闸婴,貌似是不可以的

那咋辦坏挠?

我們變換啊

-ing 動詞變?yōu)?主動或者進行

-ed 動詞變?yōu)?被動或者完成

to+ 動詞變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?目的或者將來

而這就是所謂的 非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。

綜上我們可以得出

  1. 謂語只能是動詞(詞組)

  2. 動詞(詞組)只能充當謂語

  3. 其余的動詞變成 非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)

阿這邪乍?那非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)可以干嘛降狠?

字面意思,只要不是謂語庇楞,他可以充當其他的任何成分榜配,吊起來了!

To finish the work by yourself is very hard. 作主語

It's very hard to finish the work by yourself. It 做形式主語吕晌,to do 做真正主語

Her job is to look after the babies. 作表語

He enjoys staying with his family. 作賓語 這里的賓語是蛋褥,staying with his family

I hope to see you soon. 沒看懂賓語再來一個

He found a good house to live in.作定語 定語:修飾名詞。

He worked day and night to get the money. 作狀語 狀語:針對謂語中心詞進行修飾睛驳。

The cave,his hiding-place,is secret.

His habit ,eating snack before sleeping,has not been changed.

這時候我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)烙心,誒有好多都是有兩個動詞啊膜廊,到底如何確定誰是謂語,誰是非謂語弃理?

誒溃论,句子主要想表達什么動作,自然就會分析出來什么是謂語動詞痘昌,什么是非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)钥勋。--這邊建議多看看句子。

主語

首先一點:主語能否缺失辆苔?這肯定是不可以的算灸,祈使句也只不過是把主語省略了。

當中文句子中真的沒有主語時驻啤,我們該怎樣處理呢?

形式主語

外面很熱

It is not outside.


雨一直在下

It is raining.

There be

有很多人喜歡我

There are loads of individuals having affection for me.

主動變被動

Grammar must be pointed out to be quite crucial in the examination of postgraduates.

Pollution is realized exceedingly severe by an increasing number of people.

越來越多的人意識到污染很嚴重菲驴。

當我們知道了被動后,被動語態(tài)的原型:be+動詞過去分詞+(by),當沒有發(fā)出者時可省略 by

結(jié)合時態(tài)的被動語態(tài):

時態(tài) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 舉例
一般現(xiàn)在 am/is/are+done English is spoken by many people.
一般過去 was/were+done John was elected president of th class.
一般將來 will+be+done Severval big modern power plants will be in our city.
現(xiàn)在進行 am/is/are+being+done Two reservoirs are being built at the same time.
過去進行 was/were+being+done The heated problems were being discussed.
現(xiàn)在完成 have/has+been+done 100 cars have been produced since last year.
過去完成 had+been+done My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞+be done Many beautiful views can be seen in a big city.
規(guī)則 自己悟

We concluded the meeting at 3 pm.

The meeting was concluded by us at 3 pm.

那就讓許多不法分子想搞事情骑冗,是不是說我可以都用被動語態(tài)了呢赊瞬,反正有規(guī)則了。

不可以滴贼涩!

  1. 擁有:have own possess
  1. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中巧涧,系動詞沒有被動:He looks very handsome.
  1. 發(fā)生:take place , happen, occur
  1. 爆炸:break out , burst out
  1. 不及物動詞無被動:The sun rose.

其實這里提供了很多種說法,無非就是想讓你避免用人稱代詞來做主語遥倦,使你的文章不要顯得那么low,但是有些情況谤绳,沒得辦法,比如說:上學袒哥,你只能是 We go to school.

賓語

因為從語言的角度缩筛,他與主語無非一前一后,但是基本性質(zhì)是一樣的堡称,所以只能由 代詞瞎抛,名詞,非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)來擔任該成分却紧。

表語

這就沒啥意思了婿失,代詞,名詞啄寡,非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)豪硅,形容詞,介詞挺物。

時態(tài) 一般 進行 完成 完成進行
現(xiàn)在 do/does be doing have/has done have/has been doing
過去 did was/were doing had done had been doing
將來 will do will be doing will have done will have been doing
過去將來 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing

時態(tài)

這就是中學知識了

The present tense

定義:

  1. 現(xiàn)階段懒浮,經(jīng)常性發(fā)生
  1. 客觀真理,自然現(xiàn)象
  1. 人或者物永久的狀態(tài)

助動詞:do/does

結(jié)構(gòu):

  1. 主謂賓
肯定句:Students usually wake up early.



否定句:He does not like his job.



疑問句:Do you love the dog?
  1. 主謂表:
肯定句:I am a student.



否定句:He is not a child anymore.



疑問句:Are you ok?

標志詞:

  1. always usually often sometimes seldom never hardly
  1. once a weak /twice a month/ three times a day
  1. in the morning/on Sundays/at weekends/every day

所以動詞在進行第三人稱變化時實際上是有相應規(guī)則的:

  1. -s
  1. s/x/ch/sh/o -es
  1. 輔音+y 變y為i-es
  1. 不規(guī)則:have-has be-is

The future tense

定義:

  1. 表示將來某時間里發(fā)生的動作
  1. 表示將來某時間里存在的狀態(tài)

助動詞:will shall

結(jié)構(gòu):

  1. 主謂賓
肯定句:I will bring him a present.



否定句:He won't fulfill his promise.



疑問句:Will you travel to Beijing?
  1. 主謂表
肯定句:I will be a preeminent teacher



否定句:My father will not be there next day.



疑問句:Will you be a nurse?

標志詞:

tomorrow soon next+time in+時間段 in the future

The present continuous tense

定義:

動作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生砚著,僅有動作次伶,不表示狀態(tài)

助動詞:be(am/is/are)

結(jié)構(gòu):

因為不表示一種狀態(tài),所以現(xiàn)在進行時只有主謂賓稽穆,沒有主系表

主謂賓:

肯定句:We are having classes.

否定句:We are not having classes.

疑問句:Are we having classes?

標志詞:

now right now at present at the moment at this time these days look listen

區(qū)別:

  1. 現(xiàn)在進行時與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語:
之前我們說過冠王,由于我們的謂語動詞只能有一個,其余的動詞只好用其他形式變成非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)舌镶,這就導致了一個很尷尬的問題柱彻,有時候我們會用 be+V.-ing 如下:



He is playing basketball with his friends.



The book is inspring.(inspring 啟發(fā)性)



這里需要用自身的語境去分析,是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語還是餐胀,現(xiàn)在進行時哟楷。

The past tense

定義:

  1. 表示過去時段發(fā)生的動作
  1. 表示過去時段存在的狀態(tài)

助動詞:did

結(jié)構(gòu):

  1. 主謂賓:
肯定句:I saw him in the library yesterday.



否定句:I didn't live here before.



疑問句:Did you study English at 10?

標志詞:

ago(詞組) yesterday last(詞組) just now in the past in+過去時間 long ago once upon a time

規(guī)則:

  1. -ed
  1. 輔音+e:-d
  1. 輔音+y:去掉y-ied
  1. 輔元輔:雙寫后輔音-ed stopped

The present perfect tence

定義:

  1. 表示動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在才完成,強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果否灾,已經(jīng)

助動詞:have/has

結(jié)構(gòu):

  1. 主謂賓:
肯定句:He has already obtained a scholarship.



否定句:I haven't seen much of him recently.



疑問句:Have you found the missing child?
  1. 主謂表:
肯定句:I have been in the city for more than 5 years.



否定句:He has not been a student.



疑問句:Have you ever been to the UK?

標志詞:

already ever never just yet still recently lately so far until now in the past/last 3 years

for+一段時間 since+過去時間點

區(qū)別:

動詞在完成可分:瞬間和持續(xù)

常見的瞬時動詞-持續(xù)動詞:buy-have borrow-keep arrive-stay leave-be away put-lie marry-be married join-be a member of come back-be back die-de dead start/begin-be on finish-be over

很好理解的卖擅,買東西的動作,你不能一直在支付墨技,結(jié)婚這個你不能一直在結(jié)婚惩阶,就是不會有卡帶的情況啦。

The past continuous tense

過去進行時:表示過去某時間點發(fā)生的動作:I was watching TV at eight last night.

The past future tense

過去將來時:表示從過去來看扣汪,動作將要發(fā)生:She promised that she would come to China some day.

The past perfect tense

過去完成時:表示動作在過去某一時間之前就已經(jīng)完成了:My father had slept before I came back home.

The present perfect continuous tense

現(xiàn)在完成進行時:表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在断楷,這個動作可能還將集訓延續(xù)下去:

I have been doing the experiment these days.

The past perfect continuous tense

過去完成時:表示動作在過去的一段時間持續(xù)進行:I had been writing the paper those days.

The future perfect tense

將來完成時:表示將來某一段時間之前將要完成的動作:I will have finished writing the article by the end of this semester.

The future continuous tense

將來進行時:將來某個時間點正在進行的動作:I will be meeting him this time tomorrow.

The past future cotinuous tense

過去將來進行時:從過去來看,將來某一時刻正在進行的動作:He told me that he would be living in China some day.

The past future perfect tense

過去將來完成時:表示從過去來看私痹,將來某一時間之前將要完成的動作:David told me that he would have finished hist homework by nine.

The future perfect continuous tense

將來完成進行時:表示動作在將來某一段時間持續(xù)進行:He will have been living here for 5 years by the end of this month.

The past future perfect continuous tense

過去將來完成時:表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到過去某一時間:He said that he would have been living in this city for 10 years by the end of last year.

動詞

實義動詞 V.

及物動詞 Vt.

不及物動詞Vi.

系動詞

  1. 狀態(tài):be
  1. 感官:feel sound smell taste look
  1. 變化:get become turn grow fall
  1. 保持:keep stand remain stay
  1. 表象:seem apper
  1. 終止:prove

情態(tài)動詞

含義:

表示說話人的主觀態(tài)度,并具有一定含義

用法:

不可以單獨使用统刮,后面必須跟上實義動詞/系動詞

分類:

  1. 能夠:can could
  1. 可能:may might
  1. 必須:must(客觀) have to(主觀)
  1. 應該:should ought to
  1. 將會紊遵,想要:would
  1. 需要:need
  1. 敢:dare

情態(tài)動詞+完成時:表推測

  1. must have done:一定做過
  1. needn't have done:本沒必要,但做了
  1. could have done:并應該做侥蒙,但是沒做暗膜,表遺憾
  1. should have done:本應該做,客觀鞭衩,也沒有做

助動詞

含義:

幫助謂語動詞構(gòu)成否定学搜,疑問,時態(tài)论衍,語態(tài)的詞

分類:

be:構(gòu)成進行時瑞佩,被動語態(tài)

do/does/did:一般現(xiàn)在時,過去時的否定和疑問坯台,強調(diào)謂語動詞炬丸,倒裝

have/has:構(gòu)成完成時

will:構(gòu)成將來時

should shall 的區(qū)別:

shall:

  1. 表征詢意見,用于第一第三人稱疑問句:Shall I get you some tea?
  1. 表示說話人的意愿,有命令稠炬,允諾焕阿,警告,決心的含義首启,用于第二第三人稱陳述句:You shall do as I say.

should:

  1. 表義務:應該暮屡,You should be polite to your teachers.
  1. 表推測:想必一定,估計,They should be home by now.
  1. 本應該但沒有:Should have+過去分詞:She should have attended your birthday party,but she had to look after her mother in hospital

名詞

含義:

名詞就是人或物的名稱

分類:

  1. 普通名詞:
1.  可數(shù):
    
    
    1.  個體名詞:單個的人或物
        
        
    2.  集體名詞:某類人或物的總稱
        
        
2.  不可數(shù):看不見摸不著的東西
  1. 專有名詞:人名,國家宛裕,地名端圈,機構(gòu),組織的名稱劝赔,首字母大寫

復數(shù):

直接加:-s

以 s x sh ch:-es

f/fe 結(jié)尾:f/fe 變?yōu)?ves

輔音+y:去 y -ies

以o結(jié)尾:有生命-es //無生命-s

男人女人:a-e

詞尾:-en

oo:-ee

單復數(shù)同形:sheep,deer,means,Chinese,Japanese

國籍:中日不變,英法變,其余加 -s/-es

集體名詞:police,people,cattle,army,board,class,club

只用復數(shù):noodles,glasses,trousers,thanks,clothes,chopsticks,socks,shorts

不可數(shù)名詞:

液體:orange milk water wine juice tea coffee soup

食物:bread meat grain suger chocolate wheat

自然:soil sand wood weather snow wind

情感:joy happiness pleasantness sadness

學科:Chinese Maths Geography Physics Chemistry English

概念:advice information news time money knowledge music

名詞所有格:

  1. 's所有格:
1.  直接加:'s
    
    
2.  s結(jié)尾:---s'
    
    
3.  幾個人共有:在最后人名后加:'s
    
    
4.  幾個人分別有:在每個人后加:'s
  1. of 所有格:
1.  N1+of+N2:表示N2的N1

冠詞

a

an

the

the:

  1. 特指:
  1. 用于上文提到的事物
  1. 用在世界上獨一無二的事物或者方位名詞前
  1. 用于序數(shù)詞汁蝶,形容詞最高級以及only前面
  1. 用于江河、湖海论悴、山脈掖棉、島嶼
  1. 用于樂器前
  1. 與 adj.連用表示一類人或者事物。

不需要冠詞:

play chess play basketball speak English

my cat these advantages someone‘s camera

專有名詞膀估,季節(jié)幔亥,月份,星期察纯,節(jié)假日

三餐飯菜

由形容詞修飾的物質(zhì)名詞帕棉、抽象名詞前

特殊名詞,nature society space man history

代詞

人稱代詞

人稱代詞 單一 單二 單三 復一 復二 復三
主格 I you he/she/it we you they
賓格 me you him/her/it us you them

用法:

主格:句子的主語饼记,表語

賓格:句子的及物動詞&介詞的賓語

多個人稱合在一起作主語:

單數(shù):二三一

復數(shù):一二三

物主代詞

物主代詞 單一 單二 單三 復一 復二 復三
形容詞性 my your his/her/its our your their
名詞性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs

形容詞性物主代詞香伴,后跟名詞,相當于adj

名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞

反身代詞

反身代詞 單一 單二 單三 復一 復二 復三
詞形 myself yourself himself/herself/itself ourselves yourselves themselves

不定代詞

某某:

something someone somebody

anything anyone anybody

nothing none nobody

everything everyone everybody

指示代詞

單數(shù):this that

復數(shù):these those

總結(jié)

代詞具则,代替所指代的名詞:

指代關(guān)系:

  1. 就近原則
  1. 語法一致
  1. 意思一致

形容詞

含義:

修飾名詞的詞

用法:

形容詞做定語:embarrassing scandals

形容詞做表語:The fact is that most Chinese people are hospitable,courteous and helpful to the visitors.

形式與區(qū)別:

V.-ing:令人如何如何

V.-ed:如何的

比較級:

  1. 原級:怎樣的
1.  肯定句:和xx一樣的:as+原級+as  as+adj+n+as
    
    
2.  否定句:和xx不一樣的:not as/so+形容詞原級+as
  1. 比較級:更加的
  1. 最高級:最如何的

比較級構(gòu)成即纲,變化規(guī)則:

直接加:-er/-est

以e結(jié)尾:-r/-st

輔音+y:變y為i-er/-est

y結(jié)尾雙音節(jié)詞:y-->ier/-iest

其他雙音節(jié):在前面加,more博肋、most

特殊變化:

good/well better best

bad/badly/ill worse worst

far farther/further farthest/further

old older/elder oldest/eldest

little less least

many/much more most

用法:

  1. 通常上低斋,比較級是兩者之間的常用 than 形成對比,最高級常是在一個范圍內(nèi)之最匪凡,常用界定范圍的介詞膊畴。
在比較上,根據(jù)具體情況可以有程度的形容病游,a bit/little/little bit/lot/great deal any even far by far much very much mo rather still slightly
  1. 比較+and+比較:體現(xiàn)出一種越來越的持續(xù)變化巴比。
  1. the+比較級+主謂,the+比較級+主謂:The more difficult the question is,the more careful we should be.
  1. than 的比較結(jié)構(gòu):
1.  more than:不僅僅是
    
    
2.  more ... than ...:比 ~ ~ 多,與其說 ~ ~ 不如說
    
    
3.  nothing more than:只不過是
    
    
4.  anything less than:毫不
    
    
5.  nothing less than:簡直轻绞,就是
    
    
6.  better than:比 ~ ~ 更好
    
    
7.  rather than:而不是
    
    
8.  other than:除了
    
    
9.  less than:少于
    
    
10.  no less than
    
    
    1.  多達采记,不少于:
        
        
    2.  簡直是:
        
        
    3.  與 ~ ~ 一樣,不比 ~ ~ 差
        
        
11.  no ... than ...:
    
    
    1.  no ... more than:兩者都不
        
        
    2.  no ... better than:與 ~ ~ 一樣政勃,簡直就是
        
        
    3.  not ... any more than:正如 ~ ~ 不能

副詞 Adv.

定義:用于給出句子的狀態(tài)等

時間:just recently before already finally today

地點:here there nearly

方式:fast hard carefully slowly

程度:much little very enough particularly

頻率:usually often sometimes never always hardly constantly frequently seldom

用法:

  1. 時間唧龄、地點副詞可以放在句首 or 句末,同時存在奸远,地點在前
  1. 修飾形容詞: adv+adj.
  1. 修飾動詞:(a)動詞前后 (b)句末:
  1. 方式副詞修飾動詞:句末:Please read this book carefully.
  1. 頻率副詞放在實義動詞之前既棺,be之后:(a) He is always nice to me. (b) I sometimes have lunch at school.
  1. 修飾整個句子:句首:Luckily,he survieved in the accident.

副詞的比較級:

  1. 主語+動詞+副詞比較級+than+比較對象
He started two hours earlier than we did.
  1. as ... as ... & not so/as ... as ...
He can work as well as me.
  1. the+比較級,the+比較級
The more constantly we do exercise,the healthier we will be.

介詞

  1. 時間地點:on/in/at
1.  表時間:
    
    
    1.  具體時間:某年某月某日懒叛,星期丸冕,節(jié)日,特定的某天薛窥,具體的某天的早中晚:on
        
        
    2.  泛指時間:年胖烛,月,日诅迷,世紀佩番,四季,早中晚:in
        
        
    3.  in+時間段:在 ~ ~ 以后罢杉,一般將來
        
        
2.  表地點:
    
    
    1.  上面:on
        
        
    2.  里面趟畏,大地點:in
        
        
    3.  里面,小地點:at
  1. 常用的其他時間副詞:
1.  before:xxx 之前滩租,時間赋秀、距離
    
    
2.  after:xxx 之后,時間律想、跟隨
    
    
3.  during:在 ~ ~ 期間
    
    
4.  for+時間段:完成時
    
    
5.  since+時間點:自從猎莲,完成時
    
    
6.  until:直到
  1. 方式:
1.  by:
    
    
    1.  by+將來時間(將來時):到 ~ ~ 為止
        
        
    2.  by+過去時間(過去完成時):到 ~ ~ 為止
        
        
    3.  在旁邊
        
        
    4.  被、由蜘欲,被動結(jié)構(gòu)
        
        
    5.  通過 ~ ~ 方式
        
        
    6.  表示程度益眉,數(shù)量:The biomass of large predators in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.
        
        
    7.  by+交通工具
        
        
2.  in:語言晌柬,工具:Can you introduce youself in English?
    
    
3.  on:電子類:He listened to music on the radio.
  1. 其他介詞:
1.  of:所有格姥份,xxx 的
    
    
2.  to:朝,向年碘,往澈歉,對著
    
    
3.  over:在 ~ ~ 上面,超過
    
    
4.  under:在 ~ ~ 下面
    
    
5.  above:在 ~ ~ 下面
    
    
6.  below:在 ~ ~ 下面
    
    
7.  near:在 ~ ~ 附近
    
    
8.  beside:在 ~ ~ 旁邊
    
    
9.  behind:在 ~ ~ 后面
    
    
10.  from:來自
    
    
11.  between:兩者之間
    
    
12.  among:多者之間
    
    
13.  like:像
    
    
14.  beyond:超出
    
    
15.  against:與 ~ ~ 相對/相反
    
    
16.  including:包括
    
    
17.  about:包括/關(guān)于
    
    
18.  concerning:關(guān)于
    
    
19.  across:穿過(表面)
    
    
20.  throught:穿過(內(nèi)部)
    
    
21.  without:沒有
    
    
22.  with:
    
    
    1.  用屿衅,和 ~ ~ 一起埃难,伴有 ~ ~ ,隨著 ~ ~ ,由于
        
        
    2.  獨立主格:with+n.+adj./V.-ing/V.-ed:With the bird singing,she has a sweet sleep.
        
        
23.  for:對于涡尘;表目的忍弛,去向;由于考抄;作為细疚;表因果關(guān)系
    
    
24.  as:作為

Part 2

并列句

意義&作用:

英語中,不允許用逗號川梅,連接兩個并列的句子疯兼,當我們需要在句子之間用逗號,就需要并列連詞贫途。

常見的并列連詞:

平行關(guān)系:and not only--but also both--and-- either--or-- neither--nor--

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but while yet whereas

選擇關(guān)系:or whether--or-

因果關(guān)系:for so

遞進關(guān)系:then

與并列連詞同義的邏輯關(guān)系詞:

  1. 平行關(guān)系:
1.  副詞:similary(同樣地吧彪,相似地),equally(平均地丢早,同樣地)姨裸,likewise(同樣地)
    
    
2.  介詞短語:at the same time,in the meanwhile
  1. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:
1.  副詞:however(然而)香拉,nevertheless = nonetheless(盡管如此)啦扬,conversely(相反地),contraily(相反地)凫碌,unexpectedly(意外地)扑毡,unfortunately(不幸地)
    
    
2.  介詞短語:on the contray,in/by contrast
  1. 選擇關(guān)系:
1.  副詞:alternatively(或)
  1. 因果關(guān)系:
1.  副詞:therefore(所以)盛险,thus(因此)瞄摊,consequently(因此)
    
    
2.  介詞短語:as a result,as a consequence
  1. 遞進關(guān)系:
1.  副詞:besides(而且)苦掘,additionally(另外)换帜,subsequently(隨后)
    
    
2.  介詞短語:in addition

區(qū)別:

連詞,可以在兩個句子間加逗號

介詞短語和副詞鹤啡,逗號改為句號惯驼,或者在副詞或者介詞短語之前加 and

并列句的對稱原則:

  1. 詞性對稱:詞性,單復數(shù)递瑰,時態(tài)祟牲,語態(tài) 一致
  1. 結(jié)構(gòu)對稱:前面是主謂賓,后面也應該是主謂賓抖部。

并列句的省略現(xiàn)象:

  1. 由于英語句子具有避免重復原則说贝,我們會進行一些省略,但是省略后句子讓然保持了對稱與平衡慎颗。
1.  省略主謂:He is not only a nice teacher in class but a nice friend to his students in private.
    
    
2.  省略be:Failing hips can be replaced,clinical depression controlled,and cataracts removed in a 30-minute susurgical procedure.
    
    
3.  省略主語:He is rich,but leads a modest life.
    
    
4.  省略重復成分

Test

漢譯英:

  1. 她不僅英語講得流利而且日語說的也很好乡恕。

    She not only speaks English smoothly but speaks Japanese well.

  2. 愛情早已經(jīng)不在了言询,他還停留在過去。

    Love has gone.Unexpectedly,he still remains there.

  3. 如果你想稱為一名志愿者傲宜,必須要有足夠的耐心运杭,因為照顧孩子需要良好的心態(tài)。

    If you desire to be a volunteer,you must have sufficient patience because taking care of kids needs a good mentality.

  4. 都說我如水百變函卒,可知我清澈不變县习。

    I am said to be like changeable water.Unexpectedly,my clarity will keep the same.

  5. 有朋自遠方來,不亦樂乎谆趾?

    There remains a friend coming from afar.Therefore,I feel prettydelighted.

英譯漢:

  1. There will be televion chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

    會有機器人主持的電視聊天節(jié)目躁愿,也會有帶污染監(jiān)測器的汽車,當你的汽車尾氣排放超標時沪蓬,這些檢測器會使汽車不能工作彤钟。

  2. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.

    達爾文認為,對繪畫或者音樂失去興趣不但使他失去了快樂跷叉,而且可能對他的智力造成損害逸雹,更可能對他的道德品質(zhì)產(chǎn)生影響。

  3. Questions seem mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequences in the future.

    這些問題似乎主要通過支持一定數(shù)量的研究來得到有效的解決云挟,這些研究和直接目標沒有關(guān)系梆砸,但是和將來可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果有關(guān)系。

  4. As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,and their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will be available whem needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

    隨著家人搬離他們穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)园欣,他們多年的朋友和他們的大家庭關(guān)系帖世,這種非正式的信息流就被切斷了,當需要是就能得到這些可靠的和令人信服的信息的信心沸枯,也隨之一切被切斷了日矫。

Part 3

名詞(短語)和名詞性從句

成分

名詞短語分別可以做 主語 賓語 表語 同位語

嚴格上名詞也可以做定語,將在定語從句中展開

名詞性從句

根據(jù)名詞所代表的內(nèi)容可以確定:

主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句

同位語
  1. English is playing a key role in our communicating with others.
English,a world language,is playing a key role in our communicating with others.
  1. A boy writes the name of Beckham on his face.
A boy-a crazy football fan-writes the name of Beckham,quite a well-known superstar,on his face.

根據(jù)比較可知绑榴,通常用逗號哪轿,破折號來添加同位語成分,并且兩者再說同一個事物翔怎,類似于補充說明窃诉。

分類

在做分類前:首先應該提出,句子通常有:陳述句赤套,一般疑問句飘痛,特殊疑問句

但是在從句中,都應該是陳述語序于毙,即"引導詞+主語+謂語"敦冬。

that:當從句是陳述句時辅搬。需要注意的是that在從句中不充當成分唯沮,也沒有實義脖旱。在不影響句子意思的情況下,賓語從句的引導詞 that 可以省略介蛉。

whether/if:當從句是一般疑問句時萌庆。whether/if在從句中不充當成分,意思為:是否币旧。且whether可以引導所有的名詞性從句践险,而 if 只能引導賓語從句。

特殊疑問詞:當從句是特殊疑問句時吹菱,特殊疑問詞通常無法省略

常見的連接副詞:when where why how

常見的連接代詞:who whom what which whose

主語從句

基本結(jié)構(gòu):

引導詞+從句+主句除主語之外部分

主語從句會因為主語部分太冗長巍虫,給人一種頭重腳輕的感覺,這就需要用形式主語來調(diào)整

That she succeeded in finding a friend makes me happy.

It makes me happy that she succeeded in finding a friend.

總結(jié):

It is common knowledge that: ~ ~ 是一個常識

It is my belief that:我認為 ~ ~

It is self-evident that: ~ ~ 是顯而易見的

It has been found that:人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn) ~ ~

It is beyond dispute that: ~ ~ 是毋庸置疑的

It is universally acknowledged that:人們普遍認為/眾所周知 ~ ~

It has been widely accepted that:人們普遍認為/眾所周知 ~ ~

It is generally agreed that:人們普遍認為/眾所周知 ~ ~

不僅在從句中作主語時鳍刷,當不定式占遥,動名詞,為了保證句子保持平衡输瓜,避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)混亂瓦胎,也可以用it做形式主語

  1. It+is+adj./n+to do sth.
  1. It+v.+to do sth.
  1. It's+adj./n+doing sth.

同位語從句

同位語從句中,從句部分通常是對主句中某一成分進一步的詳細闡述尤揣。

  1. The truth that nobody can become brilliant(明亮的搔啊,才華橫溢的) without endeavors is ignored by a sea of men.
  1. Nothing can hide the truth that she is growing old.
  1. The evidence that many girls have worn attractive skirts manifests that summer is coming.
  1. Scientists have reached the conclusion that the temperature on earth will get higher and higher.

總結(jié)

The evidence/truth that ~ ~ manifests/indicates/suggests that ~ ~

這個 ~ ~ 事實表明 ~ ~

The evidence that she has a pair of big eyes manifests that she is really a beauty.

Part 4

定語和定語從句

成分
  1. 形容詞(短語)作定語
  1. 名詞(短語)作定語
  1. 介詞短語作定語
  1. 分詞,不定式(非謂語)作定語
  1. 從句作定語
位置

定語的位置一般遵循前小后大的原則

單個單詞修飾名詞時常在前面

多個單詞修飾名詞時常在后面

特殊的北戏,過去分詞修飾時放在后面:He is a man abandoned.

構(gòu)成

先行詞+引導詞+分句

引導詞(2+1)(前兩項構(gòu)成成分+副詞不夠成成分)

先行詞是人:who whom whose

先行詞是物:that which whose

先行詞時間:that which when

先行詞地點:that which where

先行詞原因:that which why

總結(jié):一般情況下负芋,that 都等同于 which

前者為我們劃分了一個可選范圍,但是還沒有辦法具體實行
  1. 代詞:
1.  主語:who  that  which
    
    
2.  賓語:whom
  1. 副詞:when where why
  1. 形容詞:whose
舉個栗子

whose做定語:He is the man whose father is wealthy.

特殊情況
  1. that 引導定語從句時嗜愈,在充當賓語時示罗,that可以省略。

  2. 區(qū)分限制性定語從句和非限制定語從句:

    限制性定語從句:定語從句緊跟在先行詞后芝硬,對先行詞修飾蚜点,不能省略,省略后意義不完整拌阴。

    非限制性定語從句:對前面的先行詞或者整個句子進行補充說明绍绘,即使省略也不影響總體意思,有逗號分隔迟赃∨憔校可以省略。

    非限制定語從句不用逗號纤壁,限制性定語從句用逗號左刽。

    非限制定語從句可以用that,限制性定語從句不能用that酌媒。

    非限制定語從句中可省略 which/whom欠痴,限制性不可

    非限制不可修飾句子迄靠,限制可以

介詞+關(guān)系代詞 引導的定語從句
  1. 替代關(guān)系:

    1. when=介詞+關(guān)系代詞

    2. where=介詞+關(guān)系代詞

    3. 先行詞為reason時,用for which

  2. 定語從句的謂語是固定搭配時:動詞+介詞喇辽,先行詞做賓語

    This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.

  3. 用于避免上下文過程中掌挚,語義重復。

  4. 代詞選擇:

    修飾人:whom

    修飾物:which

    whose:用of witch/whom

  5. 介詞的選擇:

    1. 從句中的謂語動詞與介詞的搭配:

      The girl for whom he had fought 2 years seems no longer important to him.

    2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系:

      This is the farmyard on which my father has worked for 20 years.

    3. 形容詞+介詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系:

      English is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.

    4. 根據(jù)先行詞與句子的意思來確定:

      <u style="box-sizing: border-box;">The colorless gas</u> without which we can not live <u style="box-sizing: border-box;">is called oxygen</u>.

固定搭配
  1. the same ~ ~ as:像 ~ ~ 一樣的

  2. the same ~ ~ that:正是 ~ ~

    Mr.Wei is the same man as I love.

    Mr.Wei is the same man that I love.

    第一句:我喜歡像魏先生一樣的人

    第二句:我喜歡的人正是魏先生菩咨。??

  3. as 和 which 引導的非限制定語從句:

    1. 相同點:兩者都可以修飾非限制定語從句吠式。

    2. 不同點:

      1. as 引導非限制定語從句,位置上沒有要求抽米,which 只能放在所修飾的句子的后面特占。

      2. as 后面緊跟的是 be 動詞,而 which 后面可以用任何類型的動詞云茸。

which & that

兩者常是可互相替換的摩钙,但是具體問題上會有區(qū)別:

  1. 用 which 的情況:

    1. 引導非限制性定語從句

    2. 用在介詞后作賓語時,通常用 which

  2. 用 that 的情況:

    1. 先行詞是不定代詞:much查辩、little胖笛、none、all宜岛、few长踊、every(thing)、any(thing)萍倡、no(thing)

    2. 當主句以 here身弊、there 開頭

    3. 當先行詞被 the only、the same列敲、the very 等限定詞修飾

    4. 當先行詞被 any阱佛、few、little戴而、no凑术、all、much所意、some

    5. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞淮逊,最高級修飾時

    6. 當先行詞是疑問代詞:who、which扶踊、what或主句以這些詞開頭時

    7. 當先行詞既有人又有物的時候

區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句

印象中我自己嘗試分析過一次泄鹏,那次不算 ??

句子??

  1. I had a dream that was definitely sweet.
  1. I had a dream that I would become a rich lady someday.
  1. 相同點:構(gòu)成相同,都是 先行詞+引導詞+分句

  2. 不同點:

    1. 對于引導詞 that:1中秧耗,that在從句中充當主語备籽;2 中,that 不做成分

    2. 句子意思:1 中分井,如何的夢车猬;2 中霉猛,夢,夢中發(fā)生了什么

    3. 所以诈唬,1 是定語從句;2 是同位語

Part 5

狀語和狀語從句

狀語

含義

狀語:在句子中缩麸,用來修飾實義動詞铸磅,形容詞,副詞或者整個句子成分杭朱。

成分
  1. 副詞:She smiles sweetly.
  1. 副詞短語:I tried again and again.
  1. 介詞短語:He runs fast like a creay dog.
  1. 分詞阅仔、不定式:He leaves,crying.
  1. 從句:I will return the book as soon as I have read it.
位置

In Chongqing,I am now working.

I am now working in Chongqing.

I am now in Chongqing working.

狀語從句

構(gòu)成

引導詞+狀語從句+,+主語

主句+引導詞+狀語從句

引導詞 按分類 共9種

If 引導的條件狀語從句

When 引導的時間狀語從句

Because 引導的原因狀語從句

·······

時態(tài)

主句過去===>主句,從句都可以使用想用的過去時態(tài)弧械。

主句將來===>主句用一般將來八酒,從句用一般現(xiàn)在

主句將來完成===>主句使用將來完成,從句用現(xiàn)在完成

九大狀語從句
1.時間狀語從句

引導詞:

普通引導詞:when as while once as soon as before after since not ~ ~ until until/till

名詞短語:the moment every time the day the instant

副詞:immediately directly no sooner ~ ~ than hardly ~ ~ when scarcely ~ ~ when

when\while\as 區(qū)別:

when 引導的從句:謂語動詞可是延續(xù)刃唐,或者非延續(xù)羞迷,表示,當 ~ ~ 時

while 引導的從句:謂語動詞必須非延續(xù)画饥,表示衔瓮,在 ~ ~ 時,或者表示對比抖甘,你喜歡A热鞍,而我喜歡B

as 引導的從句:謂語動詞延續(xù)動詞,表示衔彻,一邊 ~ ~ 薇宠,一邊,用于主句和從句同時發(fā)生艰额,或者表示澄港,隨著 ~

no sooner ~ ~ than & hardly ~ ~ when 引導的時間狀語從句

表示 一 ~ ~ 就 ~ ~

時態(tài):主句過去完成,從句一般過去

when 引導時間狀語從句的特殊用法:

When I was a little girl,I loved Jeff so much.

分析:When 引導時間狀語從句柄沮,當從句和主句一直慢睡,并且從句中的謂語中有 be 動詞,此時從句中的主語和 be 動詞可以一起省略铡溪。

When a little girl,I loved Jeff so much.

until & not ~ ~ until 的區(qū)別

I will wait here until you come.

I will not leave until you come.

用來保證適應于不同的謂語動詞漂辐,延續(xù)和非延續(xù)的。

提問?什么是非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)棕硫?忘了髓涯?建議一句話中可以有多個動詞么

2.地點狀語從句

引導詞:

where

wherever anywhere everywhere

where 引導的地點狀語從句和定語從的區(qū)別與轉(zhuǎn)換:

  1. 區(qū)分方法

    where 是否指代前面的先行詞:是,定語從句哈扮;否纬纪,狀語從句

    1. I find my phone where I had lost it.
    1. This is the house where I lived two years ago.
  2. 轉(zhuǎn)換

    狀從:We will start where we left off.

    定從:We will start at the point where we left off.

3.原因狀語從句

引導詞

Because since as for

seeing that now that in that considering that given that as much as so much as

owing to(句首) due to(句末)

4.目的狀語從句

引導詞

so that in order that

動詞不定式表示目的:to in order to so as to

5.結(jié)果狀語從句

引導詞

so that so ~ ~ that such ~ ~ that

to the degree that to the extent that to such a degree that

區(qū)別

so that:引導目的狀語從句蚓再,結(jié)果狀語從句

引導前者,與情態(tài)動詞連用:I hurried through my work so that I could be on time for the TV.

引導后者包各,不連用:We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy city.

so ~ ~ that:三種句式摘仅,表示:太 ~ ~ 以至于

so+adj./adv.+that

so+many/much/few/little+n.+that

so+adj.+a/an+[C]+that

such ~ ~ that:

such+a/an+adj.+[C]+that

such+adj.+[C]s/[U]+that

6.條件狀語從句

引導詞

if unless(if not)

as/so long as(只要) only if(只要) providing/provided that(假如) supposing(that)(假如) in case that(以防) on condition that(如果)

7.讓步狀語從句

引導詞

though although even if even though

as while(雖然,句首) no matter(無論) in spite of the fact that(盡管) whatever whoever whenever however whichever

8.方式狀語從句

引導詞

as as if as though

the way

by through in ~ ~ way in ~ ~ manner

9.比較狀語從句

引導詞

as than

the more ~ ~ the more ~ ~ more than more ~ ~ than ~ ~ not so much ~ ~ as ~ ~ =not even(甚至不)

常見用法

  1. as ~ ~ as ~ ~ 原級比較问畅,類似于so ~ ~ that ~ ~ :English proves as essential as air and water,which plays a key role in our daily life.
  1. the more ~ ~ the more 越 ~ ~ 娃属,越 ~ ~ :The harder one works,the luchier he will feel.
  1. more than:
1.  后加名詞,動詞护姆,翻譯成矾端,不僅僅是
    
    
2.  后加形容詞,翻譯成卵皂,非常
    
    
3.  后加數(shù)詞秩铆,翻譯成,多于灯变,超過
  1. not so much ~ ~ as ~ ~ :He can not so much as sing a song.
  1. not so much A as B 與其說A殴玛,倒不如說B:He is not so much a teacher as a poet.
  1. more A than B:與其說B,不如說A:He is more a poet than a teacher.
狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞作狀語

If winter comes,spring will arrive soon.

去掉 if添祸,Winter comes,spring will arrive soon.

oh族阅,這是兩個句子,繼續(xù)膝捞,改變動詞的形態(tài)坦刀,熟悉不熟悉,還記得要你看的非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)么

Winter coming,spring will arrive soon.

對于蔬咬,非謂語部分的主語和后面的句子主義一致的鲤遥,可以再省略主語。

When I was a little girl,I was especially eager to grow up.

Being a little girl,I was especially eager to grow up.

總結(jié):分詞主語與主句不同時林艘,我們稱為盖奈,獨立主格。相同時狐援,就是非謂語動詞做狀語钢坦。

區(qū)分定語從句和狀語從句

He smiled when he saw me. 時間狀語從句

The woman who saw her son smiled immediately.定語從句

I loved the man when I met him.時間狀語從句

I love a boy in the kindergarten.

在翻譯上:

  1. 定語從句:我愛上了一個幼兒園的小男生
  1. 狀語從句:在幼兒園,我愛上了一個小男生

都沒有語法錯誤啥酱,都可以爹凹,在沒有語境下,一般優(yōu)先定語從句的判定镶殷。

區(qū)分 when 引導的從句

I was singing when she came in.

I still remember that day when you promised you would love me forever.

如果When之前禾酱,表示時間,一般是定語從句,When表示颤陶,當時颗管,這時,屆時

如果When之前滓走,表示不是時間垦江,通常為狀語從句,When前置搅方,譯作比吭,當 ~ ~ 的時候。

于是:當她進來的時候腰懂,我在唱歌梗逮。我仍記得那天项秉,當時你會承諾會愛我一輩子绣溜。


總結(jié)

到這里,我們的基本句子娄蔼,從句怖喻,成分就結(jié)束了。

成分

主干成分:主語 謂語 賓語 表語

修飾成分:定語 狀語 補語 同位語

主干岁诉,句子中必有锚沸;修飾,豐富句子涕癣,選有哗蜈。

(狀語),主語(定語坠韩、同位語距潘、插入語)+謂語(時態(tài),語態(tài)只搁,情態(tài))+賓語/表語(定語音比、同位語、狀語)

as 專述

  1. as+名詞:介詞氢惋。譯作:作為

    As a result,the support for ambition as a healthy impulse,------

  2. 動詞+名詞+as:介詞。與動詞連用

    regard as view as define as classify as

  3. as 引導定語從句

  4. as 引導狀語從句

Part 6

強調(diào)句式

含義

強調(diào)句本身是無意義的,也不做句子中的成分啥容,他們只是一個框架曲秉,想要強調(diào)那一部分就將內(nèi)容放在句式中。

構(gòu)成

It is ~ ~ that/who ~ ~ .

that 可以指人熊赖,也可以指物循未,但是 who 指人。

既然他屬于框架句型,強調(diào)部分不能允許有任何修改的妖。但是需要注意绣檬,一般不能強調(diào)謂語,而且遵循主句中的時態(tài)嫂粟,即娇未,要么 is,要么 was星虹。

區(qū)別

看到 It is 我們總是感覺好熟悉零抬,之前的主語從句用過的,

所以宽涌,區(qū)分兩者的key 是平夜,去掉 It is ~ ~ that ~ ~ 之后句子的完整性,

如果完整卸亮,強調(diào)句忽妒;如果成分殘缺,主語從句兼贸。

應用

There exist numerous factors here to account for the phenomenon.

It is to account for the phenomenon that there exist numerous factors here.

倒裝

??說明一下段直,文章依據(jù)劉曉艷老師的考研英語教材。書中提出了溶诞,依據(jù)考研鸯檬,多以部分倒裝為主,下文亦是

用法
  1. 否定詞放句首用倒裝:
I have never been to other countries except Japan.



倒裝:Never have I been to other countries except Japan.
  1. so(表肯定)螺垢,nor/neither(表否定)位于句首喧务,表名承前句子的肯定或否定時用倒裝:
My husband can speak Japanese.I can speak Japanese,too.



倒裝:My husband can speak Japanese,and so can I.



The eldest son was not hospitable to his father.And the other sons did not say a word of welcome either.



倒裝:The eldest son was not hospitable to his father,and the neither did the other three sons.
  1. 含有 so ~ ~ that ~ ~ 結(jié)構(gòu)的句子將 so 引導的部分置于句首時用倒裝:
He was so excited that he cannot help laughing at midnight.



So excited was he that he cannot help laughing at midnight.
  1. only 引出的狀語位于句首時用倒裝:
His girlfriend called his name only once.



倒裝:Only once did his girlfriend call his name.
  1. as 引導讓步狀語從句,從句的表語可以放在句首構(gòu)成倒裝:
As I look ugly,I am quite gentle.



倒裝:Ugly as I look,I am quite gentle.
  1. 省略if的虛擬語氣用倒裝(下一個部分在提及)

虛擬語氣

含義

當表示與事實相反的或虛假的枉圃、難以實現(xiàn)的情況時用虛擬語氣功茴。有時也表達主觀愿望、建議或者某種強烈情感時讯蒲,也用虛擬語氣痊土。

一般用法

由 if 引導的條件句可以改寫成虛擬語氣:

If you are a tear in my eyes,I will never shed it.

If I was a dog last night,I could sleep beside you.

以上為 if 引導的條件句,只需要將已經(jīng)寫好的句子的時態(tài)變成過去時墨林。

If you were a tear in my eyes,I would never shed it.

對于第二個句子赁酝,已經(jīng)是過去式了,則用過去完成時旭等,had+done酌呆,而could sleep中,could沒有過去式搔耕,只能調(diào)整 sleep隙袁,但是could后面加動詞原型痰娱,所以could have done

If I had been a dog last night,I could have slept beside you.

  1. 對現(xiàn)在和將來的虛擬:
主句用 would+do;從句用一般過去時菩收。
  1. 對過去的虛擬:
主句用 could have done梨睁;從句用過去完成時。
  1. 虛擬語氣中娜饵,所有be 動詞過去式通常為 were坡贺,不用was;would=could=might

??If most of youngsters fail to be confident,the whole society will pay a heavy price.

??If most of youngsters failed to be confident,the whole society would pay a heavy price.

??If every university student indulges i surfing on the Internet,it wil be hard for them to gradute smoothly.

??If ervery university student indulged in surfing on the Internet,it would be hard for them to gradute smoonthly.

??If I followed my mother at the beginning,I could have a brilliant future.

??If I had followed my mother at the beginning,I could have had a brilliant future.

特殊用法
  1. 一下情況從句用 should+動詞原形 表示虛擬箱舞,并且should可以省略

    以防:in case that for fear that lest

    命令:order direct command

    建議:suggest require demand

    必要/緊急的:It is necessary/important/urgent that

    My boyfriend asked me that I should lose my weight as quickly as possible.

    It is necessary that universities should take urgent steps to attach importance to the issue of mental health of university students.

  2. 從句用過去時表示虛擬

    would rather It is high time that

    I would rather you were happier than I.

    It is high time that we poured attention into the issue and took necessary actions.

  3. 區(qū)別對待

    把本來的時態(tài)變成相應的過去時遍坟,類似于if

    with if only but for or/otherwise as if/as though

    I wish I will be your angel and protect you

    I wish I would be your angel and protect you.

  4. 虛擬語氣的倒裝(上一部分漏掉的)

    if 引導虛擬條件句時,如果從句中有were/had/should 可以省略 if 用 were/had/should+主語

    If I were at school again,I would study better.

    Were I at school again,I would study better.

    If I had I followed my mother at the beginning,I could have had a brilliant future.

插入語

含義

插入語是指在句子中的詞語或者句子晴股,常用破折號或逗號隔開愿伴,與句子的其他部分之間沒有語法上的聯(lián)系。

常用于附加解釋电湘,說明或者總結(jié)隔节;有時也表達說話人的態(tài)度看法;有時起到強調(diào)作用胡桨;有時承上啟下官帘。

用法
  1. 副詞做插入語

    undoubtedly indeed surely obviously briefly actually furthermore besides additionally

    similarly exactly

  2. 介詞做插入語

    for my part from my perspective in short on the contray in other words in a some sense in general in one's opinon in conclusion inreality as a mater fo fact to be sure in addition

    in return as a consequence/result

  3. 不定式短語做插入語

    to be frank to tell you the truth to be honest to be sure to make the matter worse

  4. 分句做插入語

    I believe I suppose I'm afraid what's more you know that is (to say) as far as I know

    as far as I'm concerned believe it or not

  5. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語做插入語

    honestly speaking generally speaking strictly speaking


The End

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