Day11：

單次作業(yè)

Vocabulary and phrases

University?College London倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院

Quebec魁北克（加拿大東部城市）

Hudson?Bay哈德遜灣（加拿大東北部）

Nuvvuagittuq?Greenstone Belt Nuvvuagittuq綠巖帶

1.condense

①if a gascondenses, or is condensed, it becomes a liquid

·The mist which condensed on every cold surface每個(gè)冰冷的表面上凝結(jié)的水汽

·The gaseous metal is cooled and condensesintoliquid zinc.氣態(tài)金屬被冷卻并凝結(jié)成液態(tài)鋅棺蛛。

②to make something that is spoken or writtenshorter, by not giving as much detail or using fewer words to give the same information

·This whole chapter could be condensedintoa few paragraphs.這一整章可以壓縮成幾個(gè)段落恭朗。

③to make a liquid thicker by removing some of thewater

·condensed soup濃湯

2.interstellar

①happening or existing between the stars

·Inside the head of this interstellar monster is?a star that is slowly destroying it.在這星際怪物的頂端內(nèi)部是一顆正在慢慢摧毀它的恒星。

3.stromatolite

a?rocky mass consisting of layers of calcareous material and sediment formed by?the prolific growth of cyanobacteria: such structures date back to Precambrian?times疊層石

4.layered

①Something that is layered is made or exists inlayers.

·Maria wore a layered white dress that rustledwhen she moved.

瑪麗亞穿著一襲白色的褶裙，她一動(dòng)裙子就窸窣作響。

5.mound

①a pile of earth or stones that looks like asmall hill

·an ancient burial mound古代墓冢

②a large pile of something

·There’s?a mound?of papers on my desk.我桌上有一大堆文件。

6.photosynthesize

①(of plants and some bacteria) to carry outphotosynthesis.

·This suppression of the plankton's ability tophotosynthesize could have a profound effect on the Earth's climate.

這抑制了浮游生物的光合作用能力迈螟，會(huì)對(duì)地球的氣候產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

7.debut

①[n]?the first publicappearance of an entertainer, sports player etc or of something new andimportant.

·Their?debut album?was recorded in 1991.他們的首張專輯是1991年錄制的尔崔。

②[v]to appear in public orbecome available for the first time

·The show will debut next Monday at 8.00 pm.這出戲首演時(shí)間是下星期一晚8點(diǎn)答毫。

8.organism

①an animal, plant, human, or any other livingthing

·All?living organisms?have to adapt tochanges in environmental conditions.一切生物都要適應(yīng)環(huán)境條件的變化。

②a system made up of parts that are dependent oneach other

·A society is essentially an organism.從本質(zhì)上來說季春，社會(huì)是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體烙常。

9．Intriguing

①something that is intriguing is very interesting because it is strange, mysterious, or unexpected

·The magazine carries an intriguing mixture of?high fashion, gossip and racing.這本雜志內(nèi)容豐富有趣，有關(guān)時(shí)尚鹤盒、花邊新聞和賽馬的內(nèi)容都有蚕脏。

10.swathe

①a long thin area of something, especially land

·A swathe of sunlight lay across the floor.一道陽光照射在地板上。

②a long thin area of grass or plants that hasbeen cut down

·We cut a swathe through the dense undergrowth.我們?cè)跐饷艿墓嗄緟仓信_一條道侦锯。

11.basalt

a?type of dark green-black rock玄武巖驼鞭，一種地下巖漿從火山中噴出或從地表裂隙中溢出凝結(jié)形成的火成巖。

12.reddish

①slightly red微紅的尺碰，淡紅的

?reddish-brown lipstick紅棕色唇膏

13.outcrop

①a rock or group of rocks above the surface ofthe ground

…anoutcrop of rugged granite....露出地面的花崗巖粗糙巖層挣棕。

14.jasper

①a red, yellow, or brown stone that is not veryvaluable

碧玉〔一種不大值錢的礦石，呈紅色亲桥、黃色或棕色〕

15.quartz

①a hard mineral substance that is used in makingelectronic watches and clocks?石英

·quartz crystals石英晶體

16.compress

①to press something or make it smaller so that ittakes up less space, or to become smaller

·Isobel nodded, her lips compressed.伊索貝爾緊閉著雙唇點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭洛心。

·Snow falling on the mountainsides is compressed?into ice.落在山坡上的雪被壓成了冰。

②to make a computer file smaller by using aspecial computer program , which makes the file easier to store or send, or tobecome smaller in this way

·The program compresses any data saved to the?disk.該程序會(huì)壓縮所有儲(chǔ)存在磁盤上的信息

③to reduce the amount of time that it takes forsomething to happen or be done

·Many couples want to compress their childbearing?into a short space of time in their married life.許多夫婦都想把生育時(shí)間壓縮在婚后短短的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)题篷。

17.vein

one?of the thin lines on a piece of cheese or some types of stone.紋路

18.nodule

a?small round raised part, especially a small swelling on a plant or someone’s?body.結(jié)節(jié)词身；小瘤

19.rosette

a?large, circular decoration made from coloured ribbons which is given as a prize?in a competition, or is worn to show support for a political party or sports?team.玫瑰花形飾物

20.decay

①to be slowly destroyed by a natural chemical process, or to makesomething do this

·decaying organic matter腐爛的有機(jī)物

②if buildings, structures, or areasdecay, their condition gradually becomes worse

·Britain’s decaying inner cities英國(guó)破敗的舊城區(qū)

③if traditional beliefs, standards etcdecay, people do not believe in them or support them any more

·In Orthodox Europe, mass religion?seems to have decayed less.在正教會(huì)流行的歐洲地區(qū)，集體宗教信仰的影響力似乎衰退得沒那么嚴(yán)重番枚。

Ineveryday English, people usually say rot rather than decay when talking aboutfood.

在日常英語中,人們談?wù)撌澄镆话阏frot ,而不用decay

?There was a smell of rotting?vegetables.有股蔬菜腐爛的味道法严。

21.conclusive

①showing that something is definitelytrue

→conclusive proof/evidence/findingsetc

·The investigation failed to provide?any conclusive evidence.調(diào)查未能提供任何結(jié)論性的證據(jù)损敷。

22.intrigue

①if something intrigues you, itinterests you a lot because it seems strange or mysterious

·Other people’s houses always intrigued her.別人的房子總令她好奇。

②[formal] to make secret plans to harmsomeone or make them lose their position of power

·While King Richard was abroad, thebarons had beenintriguing againsthim.理查王在國(guó)外時(shí)深啤，貴族們一直在密謀反對(duì)他拗馒。

23.haematite

[礦物]赤鐵礦

24.mineralize

①to impregnate (organic matter, water,?etc) with a mineral substance給(有機(jī)物或水等)加入礦物質(zhì)

②to convert (such matter) into a mineral; petrify使(某物)礦化;石化

25.filament

a very thin?thread or wire細(xì)絲，細(xì)線

·an electric filament燈絲

26.anchor

①?to lower the anchor on a ship or boat to hold it in one place

·Three tankers were anchored in the?harbor.三艘油輪停泊在港口溯街。

②[usually passive] to fasten somethingfirmly so that it cannot move

·The shelves should be securely?anchored to the wall.擱板應(yīng)牢牢固定在墻上诱桂。

27.corkscrew

①a tool made of twisted metal that youuse to pull a cork out of a bottle

〔拔出瓶塞的〕瓶塞鉆

28.hydrothermalvent

深海熱液噴口

29.crenellated

①In a castle, a crenellated wall has?gaps in the top or openings through which to fire at attackers. (城墻)有雉堞的

·...crenellated turrets....有雉堞的塔樓。

30.tectonic plate

[地質(zhì)]地殼板塊

31.superheated

①If a liquid is superheated, it has?been heated to a temperature that is higher than its boiling point without

being allowed to boil. (液體)溫度超過沸點(diǎn)的

32.mineral-laden

富含礦物質(zhì)的laden負(fù)載

33.spurt

①if liquid or flames spurt fromsomething, they come out of it quickly and suddenly

·Flames spurtedthroughtheroof.火焰躥出屋頂呈昔。

·Blood spurtedfromhis nose.血從他的鼻子里噴涌而出挥等。

②to suddenly start moving morequickly, especially for a short time

·He suddenly spurted ahead of the?others.他突然沖到其他人的前面。

34.remnant

①a small part of something thatremains after the rest of it has been used, destroyed, or eaten

·Beneath the present church wereremnants of Roman flooring.

在目前的這座教堂下面還有殘余的古羅馬地板韩肝。

35.microbe

①an extremely small living thing which?you can only see if you use a microscope . Some microbes can cause diseases.微生物

36.coil

①to wind or twist into a series ofrings, or to make something do this

·The snake coiled around the branches?of the tree.這條蛇盤在樹枝上触菜。

37.plausible

①reasonable and likely to be true orsuccessful

·His story certainly sounds plausible.他的敘述聽上去當(dāng)然很合理。

②someone who is plausible is good attalking in a way that sounds reasonable and truthful, although they may in factbe lying

·a plausible liar一個(gè)能說會(huì)道的撒謊者

38.cradle

①a small bed for a baby, especiallyone that moves gently from side to side

·She rocked thecradle to quieten the child.她搖動(dòng)搖籃哀峻，讓寶寶安靜下來涡相。

②the cradle of sth

formal theplace where something important began?某事物的發(fā)源地；某事物的策源地

·Athens is often regarded as the cradle?of democracy.雅典常常被認(rèn)為是民主的發(fā)源地剩蟀。

39.microscopic

①?extremely small and therefore very difficult to see

·a microscopic speck of dust微小的塵粒

②using a microscope

·The cells were identified through?microscopic analysis.那些細(xì)胞通過顯微鏡分析被識(shí)別出來催蝗。

40.cell wall

the outer layer?of a cell, esp the structure in plant cells that consists of cellulose, lignin,?etc, and gives mechanical support to the cell細(xì)胞壁

41.gradient ?[syn] grade

①a slope or a degree of slope,especially in a road or railway?〔尤指道路或鐵路的〕斜坡，坡度

·a steep gradient陡坡

42.primitive

①belonging to a simple way of life?that existed in the past and does not have modern industries and machines原始的育特；遠(yuǎn)古的

·a primitive nomadic tribe原始的游牧部落

③something that is primitive is very simple and does not have the?extra modern parts that would make it faster, better, more comfortable etc老式的丙号；簡(jiǎn)陋的

·Conditions at the camp are very?primitive.營(yíng)地條件非常簡(jiǎn)陋。

④a primitive animal or plant has a simple structure or body（動(dòng)物或植物）原始的缰冤；低等的

·primitive life-forms that live deep?in the ocean生活在大洋深處的低等生物

④primitive feelings are not based on?reason, and seem to come from a part of people’s character that is ancient and?animal-like本能的

43.living cell

活細(xì)胞

44.scrutiny

①careful and thorough examination ofsomeone or something?仔細(xì)的審視犬缨；徹底的檢查

·Their activities have come under?police scrutiny .他們的活動(dòng)受到警方的嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視。

45.palaeobiologists

歷史生物學(xué)家

46.implication

①a possible future effect or result ofan action, event, decision etc?〔行動(dòng)棉浸、事件怀薛、決定等的〕可能的影響[后果]

·This election has profound?implications for the future of U.S. democracy.對(duì)于美國(guó)民主的未來而言，這次選舉影響深遠(yuǎn)迷郑。

②a situation in which it is shown orsuggested that someone or something is involved in a crime or a dishonest act

〔與罪行或欺詐行為的〕牽涉枝恋，牽連

·the implication of the former Chief?of Staff in a major scandal前任總參謀長(zhǎng)卷入一宗重大丑聞

③a suggestion that is not made?directly but that people are expected to understand or accept含意，暗示

·The law bans organized protests and,by?implication, any form of opposition.這一法令禁止有組織的抗議嗡害，言下之意就是禁止任何形式的反對(duì)活動(dòng)焚碌。

47.penetrate

①to enter something and pass or spread?through it, especially when this is difficult進(jìn)入；滲入霸妹；刺入十电；穿過，穿透

·Explorers?penetrated?deepintounknown regions.探險(xiǎn)者深入到了未知地區(qū)。

②to start to sell things to an area orcountry, or to have an influence there?打進(jìn)〔某地區(qū)或國(guó)家的市場(chǎng)〕

·Few U.S. companies have successfully?penetrated the Japanese electronics market.很少有美國(guó)公司成功打入日本電子產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)摆出。

③to succeed in becoming accepted into?a group or an organization, sometimes in order to find out their secrets滲入〔某團(tuán)體或組織〕

·KGB agents had penetrated most of?their intelligence services.克格勃特工已滲透到他們大部分的情報(bào)部門朗徊。

48.well up

涌出首妖；流露偎漫；萌發(fā)

49.crust

the hard outer?layer of the Earth〔地球的〕地殼

·deep within the Earth’s crust在地殼深處

50.one-off

①happening or done only once, not as?part of a regular series只發(fā)生一次的；一次完成的

[syn] one-shot

·It’s yours for a?one-off payment of only￡200.一次性僅付200英鎊有缆，它就是你的了象踊。

51.confine

①to keep someone or something within?the limits of a particular activity or subject把…局限于；把…限制于

·We?confined?our study?to?ten cases.我們把研究限定在十個(gè)案例以內(nèi)棚壁。

②to keep someone in a place that they?cannot leave, such as a prison監(jiān)禁杯矩，禁閉

·Any soldier who leaves his post willbe?confined to?barracks (= made to stay in the barracks ) .任何擅離職守的士兵都要受到在營(yíng)房里關(guān)禁閉的處罰。

③to stop something bad from spreading?to another place限制袖外，阻止

·Firefighters managed to?confine?the fire?to?the living room.消防隊(duì)員設(shè)法把火勢(shì)控制在起居室內(nèi)史隆。

Day12：

邏輯導(dǎo)圖+神句翻譯

The living was easy

1.The team contends that these bear more?than a passing resemblance to the networks of bacteria that live in hydrothermal vents--- towering, crenellated structures that form in the deepocean above the boundaries between tectonic plates, where superheated mineral-laden water spurts up from beneath the seabed.

團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為，這些和生活在承受著深海熱液噴口水深火熱的細(xì)菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)有極其相似之處曼验，深海熱液噴口指在構(gòu)造板塊之間的邊界以上的深海形成的高聳的泌射，鋸齒狀的部分，富含礦物質(zhì)的水從海底涌出鬓照。

該團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為,這些和生活在深海熱泉的細(xì)菌群落極為相似----深海熱泉指的是:深海中構(gòu)造板塊交界邊緣上方高聳鋸齒型的部分,富含礦物質(zhì)的水從海底噴涌而出熔酷。

Bear more than a passing?resemblance to: passing指的是過關(guān)，及格線豺裆，more?than a passing resemblance指遠(yuǎn)超及格線拒秘，非常相似。?這句句子結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)復(fù)雜臭猜，從句套從句躺酒，還是提醒大家牢記就近原則，但是最后一個(gè)where打頭的從句蔑歌，前面一個(gè)逗號(hào)與破折號(hào)之間的部分是修飾hydrothermal?vents的插入語羹应，所以where修飾的也是hydrothermal vents。大家可以再仔細(xì)體會(huì)一下丐膝。

2.Such a find is doubly intriguing because hydrothermal vents are seen as a plausible candidate for the cradle of life.

這發(fā)現(xiàn)特別有趣是因?yàn)?strike>深海熱液噴口被合理地認(rèn)為是生命的起源地量愧。

人們認(rèn)為深海熱泉很有可能是生命的搖籃，這就使得該發(fā)現(xiàn)顯得更有意思帅矗。

.Plausible:有兩種意思偎肃，一個(gè)偏褒義，另一個(gè)偏貶義浑此，此處指appearing?worthy of belief：eg.?the?argument was both powerful and?plausible褒義

.建議大家好好研究下plausible的用法累颂，高頻詞。

3.Although the sorts of bacteria apparently found by Dr. Papineau and his colleagues are too complicated to reveal much about the very earliest organisms, the suggestion that hydrothermal vents have played host to life for so long is a strike in the theory’s favor.

盡管Papineau教授發(fā)現(xiàn)的這類細(xì)菌非常復(fù)雜而無法探究更早期的生物體情況，但深海熱液噴口孕育生命如此之久的證據(jù)支撐著這理論紊馏。

盡管P教授和同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)的這類細(xì)菌太過復(fù)雜料饥，無法更深入的揭示早期生命體的情況，但依然表明深海熱泉養(yǎng)育生命的歷史甚為悠久朱监，這是支撐該理論的有力依據(jù)岸啡。

Too....to...太......以致不能......You are too young?to drive.你太年輕，還不能開車赫编。

day13:

總結(jié)反思

一.文章概述

? ? ? ?作者從提出地球是如何形成的出發(fā)巡蘸，提出去年在格林蘭島發(fā)現(xiàn)的疊層石引起生命體的存在，圍繞一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)在密尼蘇達(dá)州和挪威發(fā)現(xiàn)了新化石的研究與疊層石作對(duì)比擂送，從而得出生命體形成的兩種理——第一種是像植物一樣將太陽能轉(zhuǎn)化為自身所需的糖進(jìn)行光合作用悦荒；另一種是從深海熱泉周圍溶解的化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行反應(yīng)而形成。由于科學(xué)家從保存完好的化石得出深海熱泉附近生活著生物體嘹吨，這種生物體利用海床噴出的礦物質(zhì)或地殼噴出的化學(xué)物質(zhì)維持生命體搬味，并且從魁北克發(fā)現(xiàn)的細(xì)菌化石與哈德森灣的枕形玄武石極其相似，所以作者更傾向于第二種理論蟀拷，認(rèn)為此理論更具有說服力碰纬。最后提出若這種理論成立的話，那么是只存在于地球還是無論何處的開放性疑問匹厘。

二.反思

? ? ? ?此次的topic的單詞嘀趟、短語和長(zhǎng)句都令人煩惱，有很多術(shù)語單詞愈诚。這次的長(zhǎng)難句的分析是這幾個(gè)topic里面最難的她按，又長(zhǎng)破折號(hào)和定語從句又多，看得眼花炕柔，并且單獨(dú)列出來分析之后酌泰，又因?yàn)閱卧~和短語意思不解的問題沒辦法進(jìn)行合理的翻譯。畫思維導(dǎo)圖的時(shí)候這一新的題材著實(shí)難下手匕累，從地球形成跳到化石發(fā)現(xiàn)再到生命體的形成陵刹，當(dāng)時(shí)雖然知道怎么將整體歸類，但卻不知道邏輯欢嘿。在看了篤師的示范導(dǎo)圖之后就又發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的面對(duì)這類科技文的思維方式有問題衰琐。實(shí)在對(duì)這類相關(guān)知識(shí)特別陌生難以很好理解其內(nèi)涵。不過不難發(fā)現(xiàn)文章的用語十分得嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)炼蹦，由于對(duì)化石研究分析的不確定性羡宙，用詞都相當(dāng)考究，沒有絕對(duì)性詞匯掐隐。

還有很多單詞和短語需要積累狗热，這次印象最深的就是these bear more than a passing resemblance to的長(zhǎng)句短語钞馁，再也不會(huì)忘了，因?yàn)樽约悍g的時(shí)候簡(jiǎn)直是混亂的匿刮，和篤師的相差甚遠(yuǎn)僧凰。我對(duì)cradle of life 的理解是起源地，而篤師的是搖籃熟丸，我覺得都一樣吧训措，只是篤師翻譯的讀起來更有文學(xué)性一點(diǎn)。無論如何就是兩個(gè)字——積累虑啤，只有如此才能會(huì)越來越順利地理解英語文章隙弛。

Fourth topic, Done!