一笔诵、代詞的種類及5種基本代詞的用法
1. 代詞的種類
| 類 別 | 舉 例 |
|---|---|
| 人稱代詞(主格) | I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they |
| 人稱代詞(賓格) | me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them |
| 形容詞性物主代詞 | my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their |
| 名詞性物主代詞 | mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs |
| 反身代詞 | myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself |
| 相互代詞 | each other, one another |
| 指示代詞 | this, that, these, those, such |
| 疑問代詞 | who, whom, whose, what, which |
| 關(guān)系代詞 | who, whom, whose, which, that, as, but |
| 不定代詞 | some, any; somebody, someone, something; anybody, anyone, anything; everybody, everyone, everything; nobody, no one, nothing; many, few, a few; much, little, a little; all, both; each, either; none, neither; one; other, another |
2. 人稱代詞的用法
(1) 人稱代詞主格在句中作主語(yǔ)：
The light is bad here. I can't see clearly.
這兒的光線不好，我看不清。
She hesitated a moment, and then sat down beside me.
她猶豫了一會(huì)兒耸黑，然后在我身邊坐下來(lái)留攒。
We should keep calm even we are in danger.
即使在危急時(shí)刻我們也要保持冷靜药版。
(2) 人稱代詞賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)：
There was nobody to tell him, to hint him, to give him at least a word of advice.
沒有人告訴他，或暗示他宇智，或起碼給他一句忠告。(賓語(yǔ))
Are you for it or against it? 你是贊成還是反對(duì)胰丁？(賓語(yǔ))
Oh, it's you. 啊随橘，是你呀。(表語(yǔ))
If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接受這個(gè)建議锦庸。(表語(yǔ))
在并列主語(yǔ)中机蔗，I總放在最后。如：
You and I 我和你
He and I 我和他
You, he and I 你我他
3. 物主代詞的用法
(1) 形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語(yǔ)
My computer has been updated. 我的電腦已經(jīng)升級(jí)了甘萧。
She turned away her eyes. 她把目光移開萝嘁。
Their ideals have changed. 他們的理想變了。
(2) 形容詞性物主代詞與own連用表強(qiáng)調(diào)
I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我親眼所見扬卷。
Mind your own business. 不要管閑事牙言。
(3) 名詞性物主代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)
Hers is a pretty colorless life.
她的生活是一種相當(dāng)平淡的生活怪得。（主語(yǔ)）
This is your coat. Mine is in the room.
這是你的外衣咱枉。我的在房間里卑硫。（主語(yǔ)）
She would shut herself up in her room, Julio in his.
她常把自己關(guān)在房間里，朱利奧也是一樣庞钢。 (賓語(yǔ))
My pen is broken. Please lend me yours.
我的鋼筆壞了拔恰，請(qǐng)把你的借給我。(賓語(yǔ))
—Whose book is this? 這是誰(shuí)的書基括？
—It's mine. 是我的颜懊。(表語(yǔ))
I knew that the house was hers. 我知道那房子是她的。（表語(yǔ)）
4. 反身代詞的用法
(1) 反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)风皿、表語(yǔ)河爹、同位語(yǔ)等
I want to build myself a country house.
我想給自己建一座鄉(xiāng)間別墅。(賓語(yǔ))
He is always thinking of himself. 他總是想著他自己桐款。(賓語(yǔ))
They quarreled among themselves. 他們之間發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵咸这。(賓語(yǔ))
Bob is not quite himself today. 鮑勃今天感到不適。(表語(yǔ))
Be yourself, please. 請(qǐng)自然一點(diǎn)魔眨。(表語(yǔ))
The representatives of the strikers wanted to see the boss himself.
罷工工人的代表想要見老板本人媳维。(同位語(yǔ))
I fixed the windows myself. 我自己裝的窗戶。(同位語(yǔ))
(2) 反身代詞與某些動(dòng)詞連用表示某種特定意義
Help yourself to some fruit. 請(qǐng)吃點(diǎn)水果遏暴。
He shaves himself once a day. 他一天刮一次臉侄刽。
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?
你昨天為何沒去上學(xué)？
(3) 反身代詞用于某些固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中：
[1] by oneself 獨(dú)自干朋凉；單干州丹。
He said he wanted to go out to have a walk by himself.
他說(shuō)他想獨(dú)自出去散步。
I managed to do it by myself. 我是自己做成這件事的杂彭。
This is a machine that works by itself.
這是一臺(tái)自動(dòng)化的機(jī)器墓毒。
[2] for oneself 替自己；為自己亲怠；自己所计。
We'll have to judge for ourselves. 我們得自己來(lái)判斷。
He demanded the right to decide for himself.
他要求得到自己做決定的權(quán)力团秽。
[3] of oneself 自動(dòng)地醉箕。
The enemy will not perish of himself. 敵人不會(huì)自行絕滅的。
[4] between ourselves 勿與外人道私下說(shuō)的話徙垫。
All this is between ourselves. 這些都不能告訴別人讥裤。
Between ourselves, Mr. Black has gone abroad.
不要和外人講，布萊克先生已出國(guó)了姻报。
[5] among themselves ……之間己英。
They had a heated discussion among themselves.
他們之間進(jìn)行了熱烈的討論。
[6] in oneself 本性吴旋；自身损肛。
He is not bad in himself. 他本質(zhì)不壞厢破。
This is a good idea in itself. 這主意本身不錯(cuò)。
5. 相互代詞的用法
(1) 相互代詞在句中用作賓語(yǔ)
We did not know each other before. 我們以前互不認(rèn)識(shí)治拿。
They have been separated from one another for a long time.
他們分開很久了摩泪。
(2) 相互代詞在句中作定語(yǔ)
They looked into each other's eyes for a silent moment.
他們彼此一時(shí)相對(duì)無(wú)言。
The two old men often call each other's nickname when they meet.
這兩個(gè)老人見面時(shí)常辰倭拢互相喊綽號(hào)见坑。
(3) 補(bǔ)充
在漢語(yǔ)中有時(shí)沒有“相互”“彼此”的詞，而譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)卻要使用相互代詞捏检。如：
They don't often see each other now. 他們現(xiàn)在不常見面荞驴。
Do you often write to one another? 你們常通信嗎？
They have known each other before. 他們以前就認(rèn)識(shí)贯城。
6. 指示代詞的用法
(1) 指示代詞this熊楼， that， these能犯， those在句作主語(yǔ)鲫骗、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)踩晶、定語(yǔ)执泰、狀語(yǔ)等
Are these your books? 這些是你的書嗎？（主語(yǔ)）
This is my first visit to America. 這是我第一次到美國(guó)來(lái)合瓢。（主語(yǔ)）
Who's that speaking? 請(qǐng)問是哪位？（打電話用語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)）
I will keep this in mind. 我會(huì)記住這一點(diǎn)的透典。（賓語(yǔ)）
You can choose one from these. 你可以從這些里面選一個(gè)晴楔。（賓語(yǔ)）
My idea is this. 這就是我的想法。（表語(yǔ)）
Oh, it's not that. 噢艇纺，問題不在那兒旺隙。（表語(yǔ)）
Do you know that man? 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)人嗎合溺？（定語(yǔ)）
These flowers are very beautiful. 這些花非常漂亮。（定語(yǔ)）
He said he didn't want that much. 他說(shuō)他不需要那么多则果。（狀語(yǔ)）
The book is about this thick. 那本書大約有這么厚。（狀語(yǔ)）
(2) 指示代詞this和these指時(shí)間與空間上較近的事物漩氨，that和those指時(shí)間與空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物
This building was built last year, that one was built many years ago. （表空間）
這棟大樓是去年建的西壮，那棟是很多年前建的。
Those stars are too far away to be seen with naked eyes. （指空間）
那些星星離得太遠(yuǎn)叫惊，肉眼看不見款青。
During the whole of this time, Scrooge had acted like a man out of his wits. （表時(shí)間）
在整個(gè)這段時(shí)間，斯克魯吉像是失魂落魄似的霍狰。
That stormy night, the witness was killed in the hospital.（表時(shí)間）
那個(gè)暴風(fēng)雨之夜抡草，證人在醫(yī)院里被殺了饰及。
(3) that和those指代前面提到過(guò)的事物，this和these指代隨后要講的事物
That view point is proved to be wrong, and this is what people are thinking correct now.
（that指前康震，this指后）
那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)被證明是錯(cuò)誤的燎含，下面才是人們認(rèn)為正確的觀點(diǎn)。
Those are the problems we should solve. （those指前）
這些就是我們應(yīng)該解決的問題腿短。
Written on the placard are these words: we want peace. （these指后）
牌子上寫著這樣一些字：我們要和平屏箍。
(4) those作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞
Those who were present at the meeting were all celebrities.
出席會(huì)議的都是名流。
Those who are able to work were given jobs.
能工作的人都給分配了工作答姥。
(5) 指示代詞such在句中作主語(yǔ)铣除、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)鹦付、定語(yǔ)等
Such is life. 生活就是這樣尚粘。（主語(yǔ)）
Such often occurred in the past. 這種事情過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生。（主語(yǔ)）
Take from the drawer such as you need.
從抽屜里拿你需要的東西吧敲长。（賓語(yǔ)）
Just before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such.
正是在圣誕節(jié)前他們需要幫手來(lái)布置圣誕樹之類的東西郎嫁。（賓語(yǔ)）
The waves were such as I never saw before.
這樣的海浪，我從未見過(guò)祈噪。（表語(yǔ)）
The foreign visitors said they had never seen such plants before.
外賓說(shuō)他們以前從未見過(guò)這類植物泽铛。（定語(yǔ)）
(6) 補(bǔ)充
當(dāng)名詞后有限制性定語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞前不用this或that表示“這個(gè)”或“那個(gè)”辑鲤，要用the盔腔。如：
May I have a look at the skirt you bought yesterday?
我能不能看一下你昨天買的裙子？
（skirt后有定語(yǔ)從句you bought yesterday月褥，其前要用the弛随。）
What do you think of the proposals put forward by Mr. Wang?
你覺得王先生提的建議怎么樣？
（proposals后有過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)put forward by Mr. Wang作定語(yǔ)宁赤，其前要用the）
二舀透、不定代詞的用法
1. some，any
(1) some多用于肯定句决左，修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞愕够，作“一些”解。它還可修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞佛猛，作“某一”解惑芭。如：
H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries.
H-5型禽流感首先在亞洲爆發(fā)。
Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早继找。
(2) any通常用于否定句强衡、疑問句或條件句，修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及不可數(shù)名詞。
If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me.
圖書館如果來(lái)了新雜志漩勤，替我借幾本感挥。
Are there any stamps in the drawer? 抽屜里有郵票嗎？
Is there any money with you? 你身上帶錢了嗎越败？
(3) any還可以用于肯定句触幼，作“任何的”解。
You can come here any time. 你什么時(shí)候來(lái)都行究飞。
You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店買到它置谦。
2. either，both亿傅，all
(1) either表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”媒峡。
Either of the brothers is selfish. 兩兄弟都非常自私。
Either will do. 兩個(gè)都行葵擎。
(2) both“兩個(gè)都”谅阿，修飾可數(shù)名詞，統(tǒng)指兩者酬滤。
Tom and Jack both made some progress. 湯姆和杰克兩個(gè)都有所進(jìn)步签餐。
Both of them should make concessions. 他們雙方都應(yīng)做出讓步。
(3) all“全部盯串，所有的”氯檐，修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)以上的人或物体捏。
All the students contributed to the fund.
所有的學(xué)生都為基金會(huì)捐了款冠摄。
All of the money has been spent. 錢都花完了。
We are all for you. 我們都支持你几缭。
Say all you know and say it without reserve. 知無(wú)不言河泳，言無(wú)不盡。
3. no奏司，neither乔询，none
(1) no“不”樟插，可修飾單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及不可數(shù)名詞韵洋。
Time and tide wait for no man. 時(shí)不我待。
There are no clouds in the sky. 天上沒有云黄锤。
I have no money for such things. 我沒錢買這些東西搪缨。
(2) neither“兩者中哪個(gè)都不”，其所指范圍是兩個(gè)人或物鸵熟。
Neither answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不對(duì)副编。
Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk.
兩個(gè)國(guó)家都不滿意會(huì)談的結(jié)果。
(3) none“沒有一個(gè)人或東西”流强，它既可指可數(shù)名詞（其所指范圍是兩個(gè)以上的人或物）痹届，又可指不可數(shù)名詞呻待。
All of the trees were cut down, and none was were left.
所有的樹都被砍了，一棵也不剩队腐。
None of the students failed the examination.
沒有一個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格蚕捉。
None of this money is his. 這筆錢沒有一點(diǎn)兒是他的。
4. few, a few柴淘，little, a little
(1) few的意思是“沒有幾個(gè)”迫淹； a few的意思是“少數(shù)”， “幾個(gè)”为严； 修飾可數(shù)名詞敛熬； a few表示肯定意義， few表示否定意義第股。
The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it.
這個(gè)問題太難了应民，幾乎沒人能做出來(lái)。
Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有幾個(gè)人能解決這個(gè)問題炸茧。
Few of them want to go. 他們中幾乎沒有人想去瑞妇。
A few of them want to go. 他們中有幾個(gè)人想去。
(2) little“沒有多少”梭冠，a little“少量”辕狰，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a little表示肯定意義控漠，little表示否定意義蔓倍。如：
There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。
Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond.
雖然整整一個(gè)月沒下雨了盐捷，但池塘里還有一點(diǎn)水偶翅。
5. many， much碉渡， most
(1) many用于修飾可數(shù)名詞聚谁。
Many of the problems have been solved. 大部分問題已經(jīng)解決了。
Many think that the situation will change soon. 很多人認(rèn)為局勢(shì)會(huì)很快改變滞诺。
(2) much用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞形导。
Much of the money has been spent. 這筆錢的大部分已經(jīng)被花掉了。
They have finished much of the work. 他們已經(jīng)完成了大部分的工作习霹。
6. another朵耕，other，the other淋叶，others阎曹，the others
(1) another指同類中多個(gè)東西中的“另一個(gè)” （即one more）。
This watch doesn't work, I must get another one.
這塊表壞了，我該另買一塊了处嫌。
He went back to work too soon栅贴，and was laid up for another three months.
他回去上班過(guò)早，結(jié)果又病倒三個(gè)月熏迹。
但要注意： other與物主限定詞連用也可指余下的另一個(gè)或全部筹误。如：
Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手。
Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger.
瑪麗比我大癣缅，其余的都是我妹妹厨剪。
(2) other單獨(dú)使用時(shí)指其他的、另外的人或物友存。
There must be some other reason for him refusing to help.
他不予幫助一定另有原因祷膳。
I saw Tom with some other fellow students.
我看見湯姆和其他一些同學(xué)在一起。
(3) the other one/ones.指同類中余下的另一個(gè)或另一些屡立。
I'll have to use our duplicate key. I lost the other one.
我不得不用我們的備用鑰匙了直晨，我把那一把丟了。
Where are the other students? 其他學(xué)生去哪兒了膨俐？
One of the murderers was caught, but the other is still at large.
一個(gè)兇手被抓住了勇皇，另一個(gè)卻依然逍遙法外。
(4) others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式焚刺，指其他的敛摘、另外的人或物。
We should not think only of our children, there are others to be cared for also.
我們不應(yīng)該只想到自己的孩子乳愉，還有別的孩子也需要照顧兄淫。
Others may object to this plan.
別人可能會(huì)反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
(5) the others表示同類中余下的全部蔓姚。
The search party was divided into two groups. Some went to the right, the others went to the left.
搜尋小組一分為二捕虽，一部分人向右，另一部分向左坡脐。
Jenny is cleverer than any of. the others in her class.
珍妮比班上的其他（任何）人都聰明泄私。
7. 復(fù)合不定代詞someone somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, everyone everybody, everything
(1) someone, somebody某人和 something某物
Someone is asking to see you. 有人要見你。
Someone suggests putting off the meeting. 有人建議推遲會(huì)議备闲。
There's something wrong with the machine. 機(jī)器出了毛病晌端。
Something strange happened last night. 昨晚發(fā)生了件奇怪的事。
(2) anyone, anybody任何人和 anything任何事情
Anybody can do this work. It's very simple.
這事太簡(jiǎn)單了浅役，人人都能做斩松。
Did you meet anyone on your way home? 你回家的路上碰到什么人了嗎伶唯？
He faltered："Is anything wrong觉既？" 他支支唔唔地說(shuō)：“有什么錯(cuò)嗎？”
He did not say anything after that. 這以后他再也沒說(shuō)什么。
(3) no one, nobody沒有人.和 nothing（沒有東西）瞪讼。
I'm not somebody. I'm nobody. 我不是重要人物钧椰，我是個(gè)無(wú)名小卒。
No one wants to do that. 沒人愿做那種事符欠。
Nobody is absent. 沒有人缺席嫡霞。
That's nothing. 那沒有什么。
He said he knew nothing about it. 他說(shuō)他對(duì)那事一無(wú)所知希柿。
(4) everyone, everybody（每個(gè)人）和 everything（每樣?xùn)|西诊沪，一切事物）。
She said good-bye to everyone. 她和每個(gè)人告別曾撤。
Everybody's business is nobody's business. 事關(guān)大家無(wú)人管端姚。
Everything is ready for the experiment. 實(shí)驗(yàn)的一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。
This news means everything to us. 這個(gè)消息對(duì)我們至關(guān)重要挤悉。
三渐裸、疑問代詞和關(guān)系代詞
1. 疑問代詞的用法
(1) who
[1] who的意思是“誰(shuí)”，是主格装悲，通常作主語(yǔ)昏鹃。如：
Who is that woman? 那個(gè)婦女是誰(shuí)？
Who are those people? 那些人是誰(shuí)诀诊？
[2] who在口語(yǔ)中可代替whom作賓語(yǔ)洞渤。如：
Who did you ask about it? 關(guān)于那件事你問過(guò)誰(shuí)了？
(2) whom
whom 的意思是“誰(shuí)”属瓣，是賓格您宪，在句中作賓語(yǔ)，常用于書面語(yǔ)中奠涌。如：
whom do you want to see? 你想見誰(shuí)宪巨？
Whom do you talk about? 你們?cè)谡務(wù)撜l(shuí)？（whom作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)）
(3) whose
[1] whose的意思是“誰(shuí)的”溜畅，屬格捏卓，具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)。如：
Whose book is this? 這是誰(shuí)的書慈格？（形容詞性）
Whose is this book? 這書是誰(shuí)的怠晴？（名詞性）
[2] whose可在句中作如下成分。
作主語(yǔ)浴捆。如：Whose is better? 誰(shuí)的更好蒜田？
作表語(yǔ)。如：Whose are these pencils? 這些鉛筆是誰(shuí)的选泻？
作賓語(yǔ)冲粤。如：Whose are you going to borrow? 你打算借誰(shuí)的美莫？
作定語(yǔ)。如：Whose umbrella is this? 這是誰(shuí)的傘?
(4) what
[1] what的意思是“什么”梯捕，具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)厢呵。如：
What are you doing? 你在做什么？（名詞性）
What sport do you like best? 你最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是什么傀顾？（形容詞性）
[2] what可在句中作如下成分襟铭。
作主語(yǔ)。如：
what's happening? 發(fā)生了什么事短曾？
作表語(yǔ)寒砖。如：
What is your mother? 你母親是干什么工作的？
作賓語(yǔ)嫉拐。如：
What do you mean? 你是什么意思入撒？
What did you talk to him about? 你和他說(shuō)了什么？（介詞賓語(yǔ)）
作定語(yǔ)椭岩。如：
What color do you like? 你喜歡什么顏色茅逮？
(5) which
which的意思是“哪個(gè)”，which在句中可作主語(yǔ)判哥、表語(yǔ)献雅、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分塌计。
作主語(yǔ)挺身。如：
This is my bag. Which is yours? 這是我的書包，哪個(gè)是你的锌仅？
作表語(yǔ)章钾。如：
Which is your favorite subject? 你最喜歡哪個(gè)科目？
I can't tell which is which because they are so alike. 我分辨不出誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)热芹，因?yàn)樗麄兲窳恕?作賓語(yǔ)贱傀。如：
Which do you like best? 你最喜歡哪一個(gè)？
作定語(yǔ)伊脓。如：
Which glasses do you want? 你想要哪些杯子府寒？
Which platform does the London train leave? 去倫敦的火車從哪個(gè)站臺(tái)開出？
(6) who, what 和which 后可加ever來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣
Whatever are you thinking about? 你到底在想些什么报腔？
Whoever are you looking for? 你到底在找誰(shuí)株搔？
Whichever do you prefer? 你究竟要哪個(gè)？
2. 關(guān)系代詞who纯蛾，whom纤房，whose，that翻诉，which的用法
(1) 關(guān)系代詞who炮姨，whom捌刮，whose，that剑令，which的用法
英語(yǔ)中的關(guān)系代詞有who，whom拄查，whose吁津，that，which堕扶，它們是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的碍脏。關(guān)系代詞既代表定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，又在其所引導(dǎo)的從句中承擔(dān)一個(gè)成分稍算， 如主語(yǔ)典尾、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)糊探。如：
This is the man who saved your son.
這就是救了你兒子的那個(gè)人钾埂。（who在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞是man）
The man whom I met yesterday is Jim．
我昨天見到的那個(gè)人是吉姆科平。（whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)褥紫，它的先行詞是man）
A child whose parents are dead is an orphan.
失去父母的孩子是孤兒。（whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)瞪慧，它的先行詞是child）
He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.
他想要個(gè)窗戶面臨大海的房間髓考。（whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，它的先行詞是room）
[1] who弃酌，whom和whose
who和whom代表人氨菇，在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom妓湘，可省略查蓉。但若whom作介詞賓語(yǔ)且介詞放在其前時(shí)，不能省略榜贴；如介詞位于句末時(shí)奶是，可以省略。whose代表某人的竣灌，在從句中作定語(yǔ)聂沙。如：
The man who insists upon seeing with perfect clearness before he decides, never decides.
堅(jiān)持看清楚一切后才做決定的人永遠(yuǎn)也做不了決定。（who作主語(yǔ)）
He is a man whom everybody respects.
他是一個(gè)人人都尊敬的人初嘹。（whom作賓語(yǔ)及汉，可以省略）
He is a man from whom we all should learn.
他是我們大家都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的人。 （whom作介詞賓語(yǔ)且介詞位于其前屯烦，不能省略）
（此句也可以是：He is a man (whom) we should all learn from.）
The people whose houses were damaged will be compensated.
房子被損壞了的人將給予補(bǔ)償坷随。
Who, whom和whose可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中房铭，代表某人或某人的，此時(shí)不能用that温眉。如：
My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.
我姐姐回家住了幾天缸匪，她是個(gè)護(hù)士。
[2] which
which代表物类溢，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)凌蔬，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，但作介詞賓語(yǔ)且介詞位于其前時(shí)不能省略闯冷。如：
The book which helps you most are those which make you think most.
最能使你獲益的書是那些最能讓你深思的書砂心。（作主語(yǔ)）
This is a factor which we must not neglect.
這是一個(gè)我們絕不能忽略的因素。（作賓語(yǔ)蛇耀，可省略）
Where is the book from which you quoted this sentence?
你引用這句話的那本書在哪兒辩诞？（作介詞賓語(yǔ)且介詞位于其前時(shí)，不能省略）
which可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中纺涤，代表物译暂。如：
The book, which I bought second-hand, is made of oak.
我買的這張書桌是用橡木做的，它是二手貨撩炊。
[3] that
that可以代表事也可代表人秧秉，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略衰抑，但不能用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中象迎。代表人時(shí)who比that用的多些，代表物時(shí)that比which用的多些呛踊。如：
The letter that came this morning is from my mother.
今天早晨收到的那封信是我母親寄來(lái)的砾淌。（that代表物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
Those students that failed the exam will have to take it again.
考試不及格的學(xué)生必須補(bǔ)考谭网。（that代表人汪厨，在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
Have you forgotten about the money (that) I lent you last week?
你忘了上星期我借給你錢的事了嗎？（that代表物愉择，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)劫乱，可省略）
All the people (that) I invited have agreed to come.
所有我邀請(qǐng)了的人都同意來(lái)。（that代表人锥涕，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)衷戈，可省略）
The hotel (that) we stayed at was both cheap and comfortable.
我們住的那家旅館既便宜又舒服。（that代表物层坠，在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)殖妇，可省略）
(2) 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明
下列情況下，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that破花，不能用which或who谦趣。
[1] 當(dāng)先行詞中有形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí)疲吸。如：
Shakespeare is the greatest poet that English has ever had.
莎士比亞是英國(guó)所擁有的最偉大的詩(shī)人。
Is this the best that you can do?
你最多只能做到這樣嗎前鹅？
[2] 當(dāng)先行詞為代詞all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing時(shí)摘悴。如：
Anyone that wants to succeed must work hard.
任何想要獲得成功的人必須努力工作。
[3] 當(dāng)先行詞中有含有any, every, no, only, the first, the last, the same時(shí)舰绘。如：
You are the only person that can help me. 你是唯一能幫助我的人蹂喻。
Take the first chance that offers. 抓住出現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。
(3) 沒有先行詞的關(guān)系代詞
如果關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的從句不是作定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞而是充當(dāng)句子成分除盏，這種關(guān)系代詞就沒有先行詞叉橱，它只起連接作用挫以。這種關(guān)系代詞有：what, whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever等者蠕。如：
What woke me up was a splashing noise.
把我吵醒的是一陣濺水的聲音。（what從句作主語(yǔ)）
I don't know what good they could have done.
我不知道他們能起什么好作用掐松。（what從句作賓語(yǔ)）
Whoever breaks the law is punished in the end.
違法者終將被懲罰踱侣。（whoever引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)）
