約瑟芬·貝克誕辰 111 周年
憑借著犀利的眼睛和異國風(fēng)情的服裝拯辙，約瑟芬·貝克在二十世紀(jì) 二十年代闖入了國際舞臺檐束，成為了爵士樂的劃時(shí)代標(biāo)志，并且成為世界上最廣受贊譽(yù)的非洲裔美國人之一新荤。
1906年6月3日荧嵌，貝克出生在一個(gè)歌舞雜耍演員家庭，在青少年時(shí)代具则，貝克就開始參與到了家庭的事業(yè)中即纲。她的早期演繹生涯是在公共場所跳舞。她最終在哈林文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的早期踏上了紐約博肋，加入了一個(gè)全黑人的百老匯音樂劇合唱團(tuán)-沙幅阿浪低斋。從那里開始，她又啟程去了巴黎匪凡，在城市歌舞劇表演中確立了自己的知名度和藝術(shù)風(fēng)格拔稳，歌唱，慶祝女性解放和認(rèn)同非洲文化的舞蹈锹雏。
作為歐洲社會上流社會的人物巴比，當(dāng)時(shí)世界上被拍攝最多的女性之一，貝克在1936年回到美國的時(shí)候礁遵，卻因?yàn)樵诎倮蠀R系列劇“菲爾德·福利斯”中的短暫出演轻绞，而遭到了媒體和輿論的種族歧視。為多元文化和民權(quán)的抗?fàn)幊蔀榱怂簧志玫年P(guān)切和追求佣耐。她拒絕為種族隔離的觀眾表演政勃，和美國有色人種協(xié)進(jìn)會親密合作。1963年兼砖，她在華盛頓作為唯一的女性進(jìn)行了正式的公共演講奸远，她稱之為“鹽和胡椒，該是什么就是什么讽挟±僚眩”她的家庭生活也體現(xiàn)了她的理念，她收養(yǎng)了來自世界各地的十二個(gè)孩子耽梅，親切的稱他們是她的彩虹部落薛窥。
似乎這一切依然不夠讓她的人生完整，貝克在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間眼姐，她秘密的參與了法國保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)诅迷，與高層的安盟官員會面和周旋，并利用她藝術(shù)名人的身份來獲取情報(bào)-將情報(bào)用隱形墨水寫在她的樂譜上众旗。戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后罢杉，她被授予了“戰(zhàn)爭十字”，并被戴高樂介紹進(jìn)了著名的法國榮譽(yù)軍團(tuán)贡歧。
毫無疑問滩租，歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威曾經(jīng)把貝克稱為“任何人都會認(rèn)為是最聳人聽聞的女人拱镐，會著終將會認(rèn)為”。
祝福約瑟芬·貝克111歲生日快樂持际！
呆妞兒的收獲：
NAACP=National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全國（美國）有色人種協(xié)進(jìn)會
French resistance 法國保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)
呆妞兒的擴(kuò)展：
"salt and pepper. Just what it should be." Josephine Baker’s quote:
The Official Josephine Baker Website
呆妞兒的疑問：
Shuffle Along 黑人合唱團(tuán),中文如何翻譯沃琅？
segregated audiences 是指存在種族隔離的觀眾人群？對種族有限制的觀眾人群蜘欲？
早期貝克的藝術(shù)形象
推出此涂鴉的區(qū)域
Google doodles 原文
Josephine Baker's 111th Birthday
With her kohl-rimmed eyes and exotic costumes, Josephine Baker pounced onto the global stage in the 1920s, becoming a Jazz Age icon and one of the first internationally recognized African-American entertainers.
Born into a vaudevillian family on June 3, 1906, Baker took up the family trade as a teenager. Her early days were spent dancing in public spaces for spare change. She eventually made her way to New York City at the dawn of the Harlem Renaissance, where she joined the chorus line of Shuffle Along, the first all-black Broadway musical. From there, she set off for Paris and found her fame and artistic home in the city’s opulent cabarets, singing and performing uninhibited dance routines that celebrated female liberation and African cultural identity.
A celebrity in Europe – and one of the most photographed women on the planet – Baker nonetheless faced racially charged comments from the press when she returned to the U.S. in 1936 for a short-lived starring turn in the Broadway series Ziegfeld Follies. Championing diversity and fighting for civil rights would become an enduring concern throughout her life. She refused to perform for segregated audiences and worked closely with the NAACP. In 1963, she participated in the March on Washington as the only female speaker to officially address the crowd, which she described as looking like "salt and pepper. Just what it should be." Her family life also mirrored her ideals. She adopted 12 children from around the world, affectionately referring to them as her Rainbow Tribe.
As if all that weren’t enough for one life, Baker had a secret career with the French resistance during World War II, socializing with Axis officials at high-society parties and using her cover as a country-hopping celebrity to gather intelligence — often writing it on her sheet music in invisible ink. Following the war, she was awarded the Croix de Guerre and inducted by Charles de Gaulle into France’s prestigious Legion of Honour.
There’s little doubt why Ernest Hemingway once called her "the most sensational woman anybody ever saw—or ever will."
Happy 111th birthday, Josephine Baker!
