原標(biāo)題:步驟二:趕走龍?zhí)祝豢粗鹘牵ㄗト【渥雍诵囊馑迹?/p>
我們看話劇時(shí)沦零,通常看一小段即可知道主角是誰(shuí)棚辽、龍?zhí)资钦l(shuí)锄俄。讀英文原版局劲,同樣需要關(guān)注句哪些詞語(yǔ)是“主角”(核心成分,主謂賓等)奶赠,哪些又是“龍?zhí)住保ㄐ揎棾煞郑┯闾睢Wト∫粋€(gè)英文句子的“主角”,是精讀原版最重要的步驟毅戈。
步驟二操作方法:
根據(jù)之前講的5種基本句型苹丸,找到所有的修飾成分(龍?zhí)祝坑美ㄌ?hào)括起來(lái)苇经,暫時(shí)不處理赘理;保留核心成分(主角,主謂賓等)扇单,底下劃線商模,提取句子的核心意思。遇到生詞如果猜不出準(zhǔn)確意思蜘澜,就查詞典施流,確保完全看懂每個(gè)句子。
“活捉演員中的主角”
試想一下鄙信,如果看一個(gè)句子瞪醋,不提取它的核心成分,能不能輕松地理解意思扮碧?看這個(gè)句子:
When?Leo?was?seven,he got?a clever and nice pig?whose name was Feifei?from?his uncle who loved training pigs to be superstars.
句子這么很長(zhǎng)趟章,修飾成分一大堆杏糙,看完之后是不是有點(diǎn)懵圈?盡管這個(gè)句子看上去很復(fù)雜蚓土,我們還是有方法搞定它宏侍,這就是“趕龍?zhí)追ā保页龀洚?dāng)龍?zhí)捉巧男揎棾煞质衿幔美ㄌ?hào)括起來(lái)谅河,整個(gè)句子變成:
(When?Leo?was?seven),he got?a?(clever and nice)?pig?(whose name was Feifei)?(from?his uncle) (who loved training pigs to be superstars).
暫時(shí)先把“龍?zhí)住壁s走,不理它們确丢,將注意力聚焦在充當(dāng)主角的主語(yǔ)绷耍、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)鲜侥、表語(yǔ)等成分上褂始,得到由4個(gè)單詞組成的核心內(nèi)容:
He got a pig.
相當(dāng)清爽!
上面這個(gè)句子是我胡謅的描函,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入實(shí)戰(zhàn)崎苗,分析真正出現(xiàn)在原版書中的句子。如果它們的修飾成分比剛才的句子更復(fù)雜舀寓、排列順序更奇葩胆数,又該如何“趕龍?zhí)住保空?qǐng)看:
Yes, we would like to think that we would be interested in a story without conflict because it wouldn’t put us through emotional turmoil, but the surprising truth is that the conflict in the story is what keeps audience members watching a movie.
(摘自Ted Talks Storytelling,作者Akash Karia)
找出所有的“龍?zhí)住被ツ梗美ㄌ?hào)括起來(lái)必尼,整個(gè)句子變成:
(Yes,)?we would like to think?(that we would be interested in a story)?(without conflict)?(because it wouldn’t put us through emotional turmoil), but the?(surprising)?truth is?(that the conflict in the story is)(what keeps audience members watching a movie).
剩下的核心內(nèi)容有2部分:
We would like to thinkA(A代指一件事),but the truth isB.
我們認(rèn)為情況是A,但真相是B.
套用之前談到的句子的2種套路,逗號(hào)前的核心內(nèi)容屬于第1個(gè)套路:什么人(或物)做了什么事篡撵;逗號(hào)后的核心內(nèi)容屬于第2個(gè)套路:什么人(或物)是怎樣的判莉。經(jīng)過(guò)這么分析和拆解,一個(gè)復(fù)雜的句子最終將變得很簡(jiǎn)單酸休,很容易理解骂租。
“龍?zhí)卓炫堋?/b>
前面多次談到英文句子中人人喊打的龍?zhí)祝敲茨男┰~語(yǔ)是句子的龍?zhí)装咚荆吭诤诵木渥又猩栏交蚍?wù)主、謂宿刮、賓互站、系、表的成分僵缺,都是龍?zhí)住?/p>
值得注意的是胡桃,我們要能準(zhǔn)確判斷出那一部分是核心句子。如果句子很簡(jiǎn)單磕潮,沒有并列的分句翠胰,或用連詞引領(lǐng)的分句(也叫從句)容贝,那它本身就是核心句子,直接“趕龍?zhí)住本涂梢灾埃纾?/p>
Wang Ergou sunbathes in the desert every morning.
如果句子由一個(gè)或幾個(gè)分句合力構(gòu)成斤富,用and, but, so等少數(shù)幾個(gè)連詞建立“兄弟”關(guān)系(并列),且“兄弟們平起平坐”锻狗,比如這個(gè)句子:
Wang Ergou is keen on taking a sunbathe in the desert, so he has special skin.
逗號(hào)前后的分句都屬于核心句子满力,那么要分別“趕龍?zhí)住薄?/p>
還有一種情況,句子也是由一個(gè)或幾個(gè)分句合力構(gòu)成轻纪,但分句之間“不能平起平坐”油额,而是“主人”(主導(dǎo))和“仆人”(跟從)的關(guān)系,“仆人”需要and, but, so之外的that, which等連詞引薦刻帚,才能和“主人”站在一排潦嘶。在這樣的句子中,連詞后面的從句一律算作“龍?zhí)住背缰冢纾?/p>
Although Wang Ergou has a talent for sunbathing in the desert, he did not realize it until last year.
跟在連詞Although后(逗號(hào)前)的句子是從句衬以,屬于“龍?zhí)住保籬e開頭的為主句校摩,是核心句子,不過(guò)也可能含有少量“龍?zhí)住苯滋裕枰s走衙吩。
現(xiàn)在,我們匯總一下在句子中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的5種主要“龍?zhí)住毕希浯蠖鄟?lái)自原版書Energy Reset坤塞,作者M(jìn)ichelle L Brown:
1、形容詞澈蚌、副詞
包括單個(gè)的形容詞或副詞摹芙,以及它們各自的組合,這些修飾成分很容易挑出來(lái)宛瞄。
Look, I’m not (some hippie, no makeup wearing, only-eat-organic-food-that-I-cooked-myself) kinda girl.(形容詞組合)
Toxic foods weren’t the only place where my immune system, (slowly but surely), was being overwhelmed by toxins either.(副詞組合)
2浮禾、介詞短語(yǔ)
通常為“介詞+名詞/代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
Fatigue is always a sign (of a greater underlying issue).(介詞of+名詞組合)
3份汗、不定式短語(yǔ)
to+動(dòng)詞+其他成分盈电。
Ever had an important report due at work but you just can’t seem (to wrap your head) around it and get it pulled off on time?(to+動(dòng)詞+代詞和名詞)
4、分詞短語(yǔ)
包括ing形式的現(xiàn)在分詞杯活、ed形式的過(guò)去分詞匆帚。
In fact, it just grew longer as my time was spent (lying on the couch), (trying to recover just enough) to take care of the basic needs of my young children.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ))
(Given better attention) , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ))
5、從句
主要包括賓語(yǔ)從句旁钧、定語(yǔ)從句吸重、狀語(yǔ)從句互拾,它們很容易被辨認(rèn)出,一般跟在that, who等連詞后嚎幸。
So now we know (that sleep is essential to our mental and physical well-being).(賓語(yǔ)從句颜矿,充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞know的對(duì)象)
(When we are not getting adequate sleep), the stress hormone cortisol rises in response.(狀語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作rises的時(shí)間特征)
Fortunately for Cuddy, she had an advisor (who wouldn’t let her quit).(定語(yǔ)從句鞭铆,表示advisor是什么樣的人)
以上“龍?zhí)住被蚝猓趶?fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句子里,可能會(huì)扎堆出現(xiàn)车遂,我們要能全部辨認(rèn)出封断。
“趕龍?zhí)住毕瓤嗪筇穑炀氈鬅o(wú)須動(dòng)筆
快速挑出英文句子中的修飾成分舶担,找到核心內(nèi)容坡疼,是一項(xiàng)需要花時(shí)間熟練的技能∫绿眨考慮到工作量和效率柄瑰,我們不可能挑出整本書的修飾成分,但可以在每個(gè)章節(jié)剪况,選取開頭或其他位置的1~2頁(yè)教沾,用鉛筆仔細(xì)分析,堅(jiān)持每天訓(xùn)練译断,預(yù)計(jì)1~3周就能熟練這項(xiàng)技巧授翻。
到了這個(gè)程度,精讀原版不用再做詳細(xì)的語(yǔ)法分析孙咪,不動(dòng)筆就能一眼看出句子的修飾成分堪唐,快速理解句子意思。
下一章:原版閱讀第三步:“快來(lái)人啊翎蹈,把龍?zhí)自僬一貋?lái)淮菠!”
目錄請(qǐng)戳此:《像看話劇一樣,輕松搞定英文原版書》