MPEG

MPEG，全稱Moving Picture Expert Group酿箭，動態(tài)圖像專家組复亏，1988年5月由ISO和IEC聯(lián)合成立。下圖是該小組所在的組織架構(gòu)圖

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MPEG制定了音視頻的很多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)缭嫡，有MPEG-1缔御，MPEG-2，MPEG-4妇蛀，MPEG-7耕突，MPEG-21

MPEG-1

MPEG-1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要為CD光盤介質(zhì)定制音視頻壓縮格式笤成，它采用了塊方式的運(yùn)動補(bǔ)償、離散余弦變換（DCT）眷茁、量化等技術(shù)炕泳，并為1.2Mbps傳輸速率進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，后來被廣泛應(yīng)用在VCD光盤上祈。MPEG-1將音頻壓縮協(xié)議分三層培遵，分別為MPEG-1 Layer1，MPEG-Layer2以及MPEG-Layer3登刺，并且高層兼容低層籽腕。其中第三層協(xié)議被稱為MPEG-1 Layer 3，簡稱MP3纸俭。
MPEG-1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔編號為ISO/IEC 11172节仿，http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=22412 ，目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

• ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 -- Part 1: Systems
• ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993 -- Part 2: Video
• ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993 -- Part 3: Audio
• ISO/IEC 11172-4:1995 --Part 4: Compliance testing
• ISO/IEC TR 11172-5:1998 -- Part 5: Software simulation

MPEG-2

MPEG-2是基于數(shù)字存儲媒體運(yùn)動圖像和語音的壓縮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)掉蔬，與MPEG-1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，MPEG-2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)具有更高的圖像質(zhì)量矾瘾、更多的圖像格式和傳輸碼率的圖像壓縮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)女轿。其主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域有DVD，廣播壕翩，有線電視網(wǎng)蛉迹，衛(wèi)星直播。
MPEG-2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔編號ISO/IEC 13818放妈，http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=22989 北救，文檔目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

• ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000 -- Systems
• ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000 --Video
• ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998 -- Part 3: Audio
• ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998 -- Part 4: Conformance testing
• ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Cor 2:1998
• ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 1:1999 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) conformance testing
• ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 2:2000 System target decoder model
• ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 3:2000 Additional audio conformance bitstreams
• ISO/IEC TR 13818-5:1997 -- Part 5: Software simulation
• ISO/IEC TR 13818-5:1997/Amd 1:1999 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
• ISO/IEC 13818-6:-- Part 6: Extensions for DSM-CC
• ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Cor 1:1999
• ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Amd 1:2000 Additions to support data broadcasting
• ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Amd 2:2000 Additions to support synchronized download services,opportunistic data services and resource announcement in broadcast and interactive services
• ISO/IEC 13818-7:1997 -- Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
• ISO/IEC 13818-7:1997/Cor 1:1998
• ISO/IEC 13818-9:1996 -- Part 9: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders
• ISO/IEC 13818-10:1999 -- Part 10: Conformance extensions for Digital Storage Media
• Command and Control (DSM-CC)

其中Part 7定義了AAC的編解碼的規(guī)范

MPEG-4

MPEG4不僅是針對一定比特率下的視頻、音頻編碼芜抒，更加注重多媒體系統(tǒng)的交互性和靈活性珍策。與MPEG-1和MPEG-2相比，MPEG-4的特點(diǎn)是其更適于交互AV服務(wù)以及遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控宅倒。
MPEG-4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔編號ISO/IEC 14496攘宙，http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59240 ，文檔目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

• ISO/IEC 14496-1 Systems
• ISO/IEC 14496-2 Visual
• ISO/IEC 14496-3 Audio
• ISO/IEC 14496-4 Conformance
• ISO/IEC 14496-5 Reference
• ISO/IEC 14496-6 Delivery MultimediaIntegration Framework (DMIF)
• ISO/IECTR 14496-7 Optimized reference software for coding of audio-visual objects
• ISO/IEC 14496-8 Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496contents over IP networks
• ISO/IECTR 14496-9 Reference hardware description
• ISO/IEC 14496-10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)
• ISO/IEC 14496-11 Scene description andapplication engine
• ISO/IEC 14496-12 ISO base media file format
• ISO/IEC 14496-13 Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) Extensions
• ISO/IEC 14496-14 MP4 file format
• ISO/IEC 14496-15 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)file format
• ISO/IEC 14496-16 Animation Framework eXtension(AFX)
• ISO/IEC 14496-17 Streaming text format
• ISO/IEC 14496-18 Font compression and streaming F
• ISO/IEC 14496-19 Synthesized texture stream
• ISO/IEC 14496-20 Lightweight Application SceneRepresentation (LASeR) and Simple Aggregation Format (SAF)
• ISO/IEC 14496-21 Graphics Framework eXtensions(GFX)
• ISO/IEC 14496-22 Open Font Format
• ISO/IEC 14496-23 Symbolic Music Representation(SMR)
• ISO/IECTR 14496-24 Audio and systems interaction
• ISO/IEC 14496-25 3D Graphics Compression Model
• ISO/IEC 14496-26 Audio Conformance
• ISO/IEC 14496-27 3D Graphics conformance
• ISO/IECCD 14496-28 Composite font representation

其中Part 10 AVC拐迁，它和H.264一起定義了高度壓縮數(shù)字視頻編解碼器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)蹭劈，這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通常被稱之為H.264/AVC（或者AVC/H.264或者H.264/MPEG-4 AVC或MPEG-4/H.264 AVC）。大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻都采用H.264標(biāo)準(zhǔn)线召。

MPEG-7

MPEG-7并不是一個(gè)視訊壓縮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)铺韧，它是一個(gè)多媒體內(nèi)容的描述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
MPEG-7標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔編號ISO/IEC 15938缓淹， http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39477 哈打，文檔目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

• ISO/IEC 15938-1 Systems
• ISO/IEC 15938-2 Description definition language
• ISO/IEC 15938-3 Visual
• ISO/IEC 15938-4 Audio
• ISO/IEC 15938-5 Multimedia description schemes
• ISO/IEC 15938-6 Reference software
• ISO/IEC 15938-7 Conformance testing
• ISO/IEC 15938-8 Extraction and use of MPEG-7 descriptions
• ISO/IEC 15938-9 Profiles and levels
• ISO/IEC 15938-10 Schema definition
• ISO/IEC 15938-11 MPEG-7 profile schemas
• ISO/IEC 15938-12 Query format
• ISO/IEC 15938-13 Compact descriptors for visual search

MPEG-21

MPEG-21是一個(gè)正在制定中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)塔逃，它的目標(biāo)是為未來多媒體的應(yīng)用提供一個(gè)完整的平臺。
MPEG-21標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔編號ISO/IEC 21000前酿， http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37380 患雏，文檔目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

• ISO/IEC 21000-1 Vision, Technologies and Strategy
• ISO/IEC 21000-2 Digital Item Declaration
• ISO/IEC 21000-3 Digital Item Identification
• ISO/IEC 21000-4 Intellectual Property Management and Protection Components
• ISO/IEC 21000-5 Rights Expression Language