The Guardian view on declining birthrates: there may be trouble ahead
《衛(wèi)報(bào)》對出生率下降問題的看法:未來可能要有麻煩了
Europe's baby deficit is becoming impossible to ignore. According to latest figures, 2020 saw the lowest number of births recorded since Italian unification in 1861. Spain is ageing at a similar pace, as is much of eastern Europe.
歐洲的新生兒數(shù)量已經(jīng)跌到了不容忽視的地步。最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示椒拗,2020 年意大利的出生人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了 1861 年國家統(tǒng)一以來的歷史新低。西班牙正以近似的速度老齡化,大部分東歐各國也是如此。
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Assuming current demographic trends continue, Eurostat has calculated that the number of European over-65s will have grown by over 40% by 2050. Fewer people will be in work paying taxes when their pension and care bills arrive.
根據(jù)歐洲統(tǒng)計(jì)局的計(jì)算鸵赫,假設(shè)人口繼續(xù)按照目前的趨勢發(fā)展下去鸟雏,那么到 2050 年室抽,歐洲 65 歲以上的人口數(shù)量將會增長 40% 以上。當(dāng)這批老年人拿到他們的養(yǎng)老金和醫(yī)療帳單時(shí)宋税,納稅的上班族將會變得更少摊崭。
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Even in Scandinavia, rightly held up as a model when it comes to parental leave and accessible childcare, alarm bells are ringing. The Norwegian prime minister, Erna Solberg, has warned that one of Europe's best-funded welfare states could only be socially and economically sustainable if people had more children.
即便是在斯堪的納維亞——該地區(qū)在育兒假和兒童保育方面堪稱模范——(人口危機(jī)的)警鐘也在敲響。挪威首相埃爾娜·索爾貝格曾警告稱杰赛,只有人們生育更多的孩子呢簸,挪威這個(gè)資金最雄厚的歐洲福利國家之一才能保持社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
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For many under-35s, a combination of debt, stagnant wages and insecure work make starting a family seem like a risk, rather than a natural step. In Britain especially, for the millions of private renters unable to get on the housing ladder, a lack of assets compounds the problem.
對于許多 35 歲以下的人來說根时,負(fù)債瘦赫、工資常年不變,再加上工作不穩(wěn)定啸箫,這一系列因素讓生孩子這件事情看起來不像是一個(gè)自然步驟耸彪,而更像是一種冒險(xiǎn)。特別是在英國忘苛,數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的個(gè)體租客買不起房子蝉娜,資產(chǎn)缺失讓這一問題難上加難。
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At the beginning of the pandemic, it was speculated that the confinement of lockdown would lead to a Covid baby boom. Amid acute anxiety about the future, the opposite occurred.
新冠大流行初期扎唾,有人推測說封鎖隔離可能會導(dǎo)致疫情期間出現(xiàn)生育高峰召川。(人們處于)對未來的極度焦慮中,相反的情況發(fā)生了胸遇。
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Birthrates tend to tick upwards during good times, not bad ones. A vaccine bounce in reopening economies may confirm that rule of thumb in the short term. But there is no escaping the underlying pre-Covid reality that too few babies are being born.*** Without a new deal for young would-be parents, a demographic crisis looms.
出生率往往會在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)出現(xiàn)緩慢增長荧呐,經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣時(shí)則不會。在重新開放的經(jīng)濟(jì)體中纸镊,“疫苗紅利”也許會在短期內(nèi)證實(shí)這一經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則倍阐。但是我們無法逃避一個(gè)潛在的事實(shí)——在疫情之前,出生的嬰兒太少了逗威。如果年輕的準(zhǔn)父母們得不到新的解決方案峰搪,那么人口危機(jī)將迫在眉睫。
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主編:Amy
品控:Raven
審核:夏天
重點(diǎn)詞匯
deficit
/?def.?.s?t/
n. 缺少凯旭,不足概耻;赤字,虧損
搭配短語:a deficit in food supply(不足)
搭配短語:a budget deficit(赤字)
demographic
/?dem.??ɡr?f.?k/
adj. 人口的罐呼,人口統(tǒng)計(jì)的
相關(guān)詞匯:demography(n. 人口學(xué)鞠柄,人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué))
詞根詞綴:demo-(源自希臘語中的 demos,表示“與人相關(guān)的”)
詞根詞綴:-graphy(表示某種學(xué)科)
相關(guān)詞匯:geography(n. 地理學(xué))
詞義辨析:demography嫉柴,census
demography 是對人口特征厌杜、現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行研究,而 census 是對一國的人口情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查计螺,意思是“人口普查”期奔。
搭配短語:demographic crisis
pension
/?pen.??n/
n. 養(yǎng)老金,退休金
搭配短語:draw / receive a pension
parental leave
/p??ren.t??l ?li?v/
n. 育兒假危尿,親子假
相關(guān)詞匯:parental(adj. 父母的)
相關(guān)詞匯:parent(n. 父母)
相關(guān)詞匯:leave(n. 假期呐萌,休假;v. 離開)
搭配短語:annual leave
sustainable
/s??ste?.n?.b?l/
adj. 可持續(xù)的谊娇,能長期保持的
相關(guān)詞匯:sustain(v. 保持肺孤,維持)
近義詞:maintain(v. 保持罗晕,維持)
英文釋義:be able to continue for a long time
搭配短語:sustainable economic growth
stagnant
/?st?ɡ.n?nt/
adj. 停滯的,不發(fā)展的赠堵;(水或空氣)不流動的小渊,污濁的
搭配短語:to revive the stagnant economy
to start a family
生育第一個(gè)孩子
相關(guān)詞匯:family(n. 孩子,子女茫叭;家庭)
英文釋義:to have your first baby
例句:We're not ready to start a family yet.
compound
/k?m?pa?nd/
v. 使加重酬屉,使惡化
詞性拓展:compound(n. 復(fù)合詞)
拓展發(fā)音:/?kɑ?m.pa?nd/
英文釋義:to make a problem worse
例句:Limited health care resources compound the Covid crisis in India.
speculate
/?spek.j?.le?t/
v. 猜測,推測
例句:At present scientists can only speculate on the life outside our solar system.
confinement
/k?n?fa?n.m?nt/
n. 限制揍愁,禁閉
例句:Nelson Mandela was held in confinement for 27 years.
baby boom
/?be?.bi ?bu?m/
n. 生育高峰呐萨,嬰兒潮
相關(guān)詞匯:boom(n. 繁榮,興旺莽囤;流行谬擦,風(fēng)靡)
相關(guān)短語:baby boomer
文化補(bǔ)充:baby boomer 在歐美國家特指出生于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期(1946 年到 1964 年)的人。
acute
/??kju?t/
adj.(感覺)強(qiáng)烈的朽缎;(情況)嚴(yán)重的
搭配短語:an acute shortage of water((情況)嚴(yán)重的)
搭配短語:acute embarrassment((感覺)強(qiáng)烈的)
rule of thumb
經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則
文化補(bǔ)充:“經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則”指的是依據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)惨远,而非準(zhǔn)確測量得出的規(guī)律、法則话肖,也叫“大拇指規(guī)則”北秽。
underlying
/??n.d??la?.??/
adj. 深層的,潛在的
拓展發(fā)音:/??n.d??la?.??/
相關(guān)詞匯:underlie(v. 是……的深層原因)
搭配短語:the underlying causes
would-be
/?w?d.bi/
adj. 想要成為……的最筒,未來的
搭配短語:a would-be actor
loom
/lu?m/
v.(問題或困難)逼近羡儿,臨近