各種源/鏡像設(shè)置方法——解決因網(wǎng)速無法安裝的問題

在日常學(xué)習(xí)工作的過程中蝶念，難免因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題無法安裝各種包谓谦，尤其是一些國外的包。整理了各種軟件的配置換源方法如下：

配置換源

該方法優(yōu)點是

  • 穩(wěn)定
  • 一次配置之后幾乎不需要再次更改
  • 幾乎在所有環(huán)境都適用

缺點是需要根據(jù)不同的安裝工具分別配置，較為繁瑣。
這里給出幾種安裝工具的換源方法麦箍。

2.1 npm

NPM是隨同NodeJS一起安裝的包管理工具,能解決NodeJS代碼部署上的很多問題

但npm使用的源地址為國外地址，因此在網(wǎng)絡(luò)不佳時其安裝速度也過于不堪陶珠，常見的解決方法為cnpm挟裂，其安裝方式如下：

npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

安裝完成之后輸入cnpm -v如能正常顯示版本號即為安裝成功。
其使用方法和npm類似揍诽，把npm換成cnpm即可诀蓉。

2.2 pip

pip 是一個 Python 包安裝與管理工具。

如網(wǎng)絡(luò)不佳暑脆，安裝python包的時候很可能遇到報錯渠啤，提示timeout，可以更改默認(rèn)源來解決這個問題添吗，這里使用清華的源沥曹，配置方法如下：

  1. 首先更新pip：
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pip -U
  1. 更改pip默認(rèn)安裝配置：
    清華源：
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

豆瓣源:

pip config set global.index-url http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
  1. 可能運(yùn)行中會出現(xiàn)警告，提示該源不可信碟联，執(zhí)行以下語句配置即可：
pip config set install.trusted-host pypi.douban.com

2.3 apt

apt-get架专，是一條linux命令，適用于deb包管理式的操作系統(tǒng)玄帕，主要用于自動從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的軟件倉庫中搜索部脚、安裝、升級裤纹、卸載軟件或操作系統(tǒng)委刘。

一般剛裝完linux系統(tǒng)就會配置源，其配置方法如下：

  1. 備份自己的源：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.bak1
  1. 使用gedit打開源文件：
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  1. 在gedit里將原有的內(nèi)容完全刪除鹰椒，根據(jù)不同的鏡像锡移，復(fù)制粘貼源地址進(jìn)去

這里以Ubuntu常見的三個版本為例：

  • Ubuntu 16.04
#阿里云
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
#網(wǎng)易
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#清華
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 預(yù)發(fā)布軟件源，不建議啟用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 預(yù)發(fā)布軟件源漆际，不建議啟用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  • Ubuntu 18.04：
#阿里云
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#網(wǎng)易
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#清華
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 預(yù)發(fā)布軟件源淆珊，不建議啟用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 預(yù)發(fā)布軟件源，不建議啟用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 預(yù)發(fā)布軟件源奸汇，不建議啟用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  • Ubuntu 20.04
#阿里云
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#網(wǎng)易
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#清華
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 預(yù)發(fā)布軟件源施符，不建議啟用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 預(yù)發(fā)布軟件源，不建議啟用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

2.4 Anaconda

Anaconda 是一個包含數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)常用包的 Python 發(fā)行版本擂找。它基于 conda ——一個包和環(huán)境管理器——衍生而來戳吝。你將使用 conda 創(chuàng)建環(huán)境，以便分隔使用不同 Python 版本和不同程序包的項目贯涎。你還將使用它在環(huán)境中安裝听哭、卸載和更新包。通過使用 Anaconda，處理數(shù)據(jù)的過程將更加愉快陆盘。

安裝完成后在cmd中執(zhí)行以下命令：

conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

2.5 Golang

Linux

Golang版本大于13

七牛源

go env -w GO111MODULE=on
go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct

阿里源

go env -w GO111MODULE=on
go env -w GOPROXY=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/,direct
Golang版本小于13

1.使用go1.11以上版本并開啟go module機(jī)制
2.導(dǎo)出GOPROXY環(huán)境變量

export GOPROXY=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/

Windows

七牛源

set GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn

阿里源

set GOPROXY=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/
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