前言

本文主要介紹kali linux rolling版安裝后的通用配置唠倦。包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化称鳞，系統(tǒng)更新，顯卡驅(qū)動(dòng)安裝稠鼻，亂碼問(wèn)題解決方案冈止，常用工具軟件安裝，鍵盤燈配置等候齿。當(dāng)前kali版本為2018.7熙暴，文章隨時(shí)更新。
update：2019-04-08 17:24:40

一慌盯、 網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化

更換host

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/googlehosts/hosts/master/hosts-files/hosts -O /etc/hosts

更換dns

domain
nameserver 1.1.1.1
nameserver 1.0.0.1
nameserver 9.9.9.9

當(dāng)前版本不能直接編輯/etc/resolv.conf周霉，需通過(guò) resolvconf命令配置，最多可指定３個(gè)DNS服務(wù)器亚皂。

sudo vi /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head   #另外還有base俱箱、tail幾個(gè)文件可選
sudo service resolvconf restart     #手動(dòng)重啟服務(wù)
sudo update-rc.d resolvconf enable       #設(shè)為開機(jī)啟動(dòng)
#可以通過(guò)如下方式驗(yàn)證是否生效
cat /etc/resolv.conf

添加源

kali rolling現(xiàn)在的官方源會(huì)“智能”跳轉(zhuǎn)到國(guó)內(nèi)源，但速度實(shí)在不敢恭維灭必。下面提供幾個(gè)源地址狞谱，挑選一個(gè)最快的寫到 /etc/apt/sources.list 里面。

#官方源
deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
# For source package access, uncomment the following line
# deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rol3ling main contrib non-free

#浙大
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free

#東軟
deb http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib

# 阿里云
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security kali-rolling/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security kali-rolling/updates main contrib non-free

# 中科大
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali-security kali-current/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali-security kali-current/updates main contrib non-free

如何判斷哪個(gè)快禁漓？ping……

二芋簿、 更新系統(tǒng)

apt-get update -y && apt-get dist-upgrade -y
#reboot
apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
#reboot

有兩處建議重啟下，如果結(jié)束后提示--fix-missing相關(guān)字樣璃饱，按照提示再運(yùn)行一次,apt-get dist-upgrade --fix-missing -y。有些內(nèi)容需要手動(dòng)確認(rèn)肪康，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況按q荚恶，或者挪動(dòng)方向鍵回車。

如果apt-get update出現(xiàn)GPG Error – Key Expired磷支，需要更新一下gpg key谒撼。

• 方案一

wget https://http.kali.org/kali/pool/main/k/kali-archive-keyring/kali-archive-keyring_2018.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i  kali-archive-keyring_2018.1_all.deb 

• 方案二
  sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 7D8D0BF6
• 方案三
  wget -q -O - https://archive.kali.org/archive-key.asc |sudo apt-key add

三 、安裝N卡驅(qū)動(dòng)

網(wǎng)上關(guān)于"KALI LINUX NVIDIA顯卡驅(qū)動(dòng)"的帖子五花八門雾狈，踩了無(wú)數(shù)坑之后廓潜，才意識(shí)到RTFM的重要性。安裝方法其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，直接按照官方文檔進(jìn)行操作辩蛋，GTX1070親測(cè)有效呻畸。個(gè)別地方有小變動(dòng)，但不影響安裝悼院。
注意幾點(diǎn)：glxinfo需要手動(dòng)安裝伤为，安裝命令是：sudo apt-get install mesa-utils；查看是否開啟渲染：glxinfo| grep -i "direct rendering"据途；查看屏幕fps：glxgears绞愚；

四、修復(fù) add-apt-repository

根據(jù)官方的說(shuō)法颖医，由于kali是針對(duì)滲透測(cè)試進(jìn)行了高度定制化的系統(tǒng)位衩，采用add-apt-repository這種方式安裝第三方軟件容易導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定。在漫長(zhǎng)的源碼編譯和快速安裝之間熔萧，總要有個(gè)取舍糖驴。自帶的add-apt-repository是用python3寫的，運(yùn)行時(shí)各種報(bào)錯(cuò)哪痰。下面代碼算是add-apt-repository命令的另一個(gè)版本的源碼遂赠，可以寫成腳本替換/usr/bin/add-apt-repository。

#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -eq 1 ]
NM=`uname -a && date`
NAME=`echo $NM | md5sum | cut -f1 -d" "`
then
ppa_name=`echo "$1" | cut -d":" -f2 -s`
if [ -z "$ppa_name" ]
then
echo "PPA name not found"
echo "Utility to add PPA repositories in your debian machine"
echo "$0 ppa:user/ppa-name"
else
echo "$ppa_name"
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/$ppa_name/ubuntu oneiric main " >> /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get update >> /dev/null 2> /tmp/${NAME}_apt_add_key.txt
key=`cat /tmp/${NAME}_apt_add_key.txt | cut -d":" -f6 | cut -d" " -f3`
apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys $key
rm -rf /tmp/${NAME}_apt_add_key.txt
fi
else
echo "Utility to add PPA repositories in your debian machine"
echo "$0 ppa:user/ppa-name"
fi

五晌杰、安裝常用軟件

安裝apt自帶的包

• normal
  sudo apt-get install apt-file aptitude remmina blender audacity smplayer vlc fcitx-rime filezilla cheese screengrab conky conky-manager cairo-dock gimp cmus qmmp sandi zeal deluge rarcrack terminator dos2unix python-mutagen dia ghex thunderbird gnome-screenshot putty* calibre kchmviewer transmission gnome-clocks translate-shell meld

• environment
  sudo apt-get install android* androguard strace virtualbox

• secure
  sudo apt install network-manager-openvpn-gnome libappindicator3-1 network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome network-manager-strongswan network-manager-vpnc network-manager-vpnc-gnome telegram-desktop

• other
  wxhexeditor

安裝第三方的deb包

#大體流程如下
sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb   
# sudo apt-get install -f #如果出現(xiàn)依賴缺失跷睦，執(zhí)行這個(gè)從源里面下載。
# 如果源里面沒有指定包肋演，去debian網(wǎng)站上下載抑诸。為保證系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定，千萬(wàn)不要亂改自己的sources.list爹殊。

搜狗輸入法

需要事先準(zhǔn)備如下幾個(gè)文件：libqt5webkit5_5.212.0_alpha2-9_amd64.deb蜕乡、fcitx-libs-qt_4.2.9.1-6_all.deb、sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb

> sudo apt-get install fcitx  #搜狗基于fcitx梗夸，需要先裝好层玲。
#如果此時(shí)直接dpkg安裝sogoupinyin.deb會(huì)報(bào)依賴問(wèn)題，去debian官網(wǎng)找到對(duì)應(yīng)的依賴包反症，手動(dòng)安裝辛块。
> sudo dpkg -i libqt5webkit5_5.212.0_alpha2-9_amd64.deb 
(Reading database ... 520377 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libqt5webkit5_5.212.0_alpha2-9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5webkit5:amd64 (5.212.0~alpha2-9) over (5.212.0~alpha2-9) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libqt5webkit5:amd64:
 libqt5webkit5:amd64 depends on qtbase-abi-5-10-0; however:
  Package qtbase-abi-5-10-0 is not installed.
 libqt5webkit5:amd64 depends on qtdeclarative-abi-5-10-1; however:
  Package qtdeclarative-abi-5-10-1 is not installed.
> sudo apt-get  install -f
> sudo dpkg -i fcitx-libs-qt_4.2.9.1-6_all.deb 

> sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb 
(Reading database ... 520388 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking sogoupinyin (2.2.0.0102) over (2.2.0.0102) ...
Setting up sogoupinyin (2.2.0.0102) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.61) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-11) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-3) ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.9-2) ...
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.56.1-2) ...
No such key 'Gtk/IMModule' in schema 'org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings' as specified in override file '/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override'; ignoring override for this key.
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...

安裝后需要重啟一次系統(tǒng)，然后在fcitx面板中配置輸入法順序铅碍。
如果配置好后無(wú)法啟動(dòng)搜狗輸入法润绵，找到搜狗輸入法的這個(gè)配置文件：

$ find /usr -name 50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override

查看文件內(nèi)容

$ cat /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override
[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.keyboard]
active=false
[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings]
Gtk/IMModule=fcitx
[com.canonical.indicator.keyboard]
visible=false

修改成如下內(nèi)容

[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.keyboard]
active=false
[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings]
overrides={'Gtk/IMModule':<'fcitx'>}
[com.canonical.indicator.keyboard]
visible=false

經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證，從官網(wǎng)下載的皮膚在linux下通用胞谈。不同的是尘盼，linux版的候選字無(wú)法豎屏顯示憨愉。此外，linux版的搜狗輸入法沒有廣告卿捎、彈窗配紫、也沒有占CPU內(nèi)存的sougou_cloud.exe。其實(shí)仔細(xì)想想不難發(fā)現(xiàn)娇澎，對(duì)搜狗來(lái)說(shuō)笨蚁，單單是開發(fā)linux版的輸入法就已經(jīng)耗費(fèi)人力財(cái)力了，linux用戶又不多趟庄，再開發(fā)一堆垃圾彈窗云服務(wù)實(shí)在是得不償失括细。wps同理。

網(wǎng)易云音樂(lè)

自帶源版本 sudo apt-get install netease-cloud-music
官網(wǎng)版本V1.1.0 ubuntu下載https://music.163.com/#/download

sudo dpkg -i netease_xxx_xxx.deb
sudo apt-get install -f
# 執(zhí)行以下命令啟動(dòng)：
unset SESSION_MANAGER && netease-cloud-music &
#可以在cairo中新建啟動(dòng)器戚啥，輸入上面的命令奋单。

安裝后無(wú)法啟動(dòng)的具體原因及解決方案：
https://www.zhihu.com/question/277330447/answer/478510195

安裝WPS

sudo dpkg -i multiarch-support_2.19-18+deb8u10_amd64.deb   #https://packages.debian.org/jessie/amd64/multiarch-support/download
sudo dpkg -i libpng12-0_1.2.50-2+deb8u3_amd64.deb      #https://packages.debian.org/jessie/libpng12-0
sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.5707~a21_amd64.deb   #http://wps-community.org/downloads

由于版權(quán)原因，一些字體wps沒有內(nèi)置猫十，初次啟動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)提示部分字體缺失览濒。github上有人整理了一份，可以從這里下載安裝：https://github.com/rains31/ttf-wps-fonts

• wingide

sudo dpkg -i wingide6_6.1.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install libpango1.0-0
sudo apt --fix-broken install

安裝完成后拖云，嘿嘿嘿……

安裝tgz的包

• 為知筆記compile/綠色版
  Ubuntu 18.04 下運(yùn)行前贷笛，請(qǐng)先執(zhí)行 sudo apt install openssl1.0 libssl1.0-dev ，再雙擊運(yùn)行綠色版
  推薦使用 ibus 輸入法
• eclipse-adt
• 安裝python常用庫(kù)

編譯安裝github包

以MakeHuman為例
官網(wǎng)：
源碼：https://github.com/makehumancommunity/makehuman
貼吧：https://tieba.baidu.com/f?kw=makehuman
安裝步驟：

#初始化安裝環(huán)境
sudo apt-get install python3-numpy python3-opengl python3-pyqt5  python3-pyqt5.qtsvg    #
#python3-pyqt5.opengl這個(gè)包找不到宙项，這里先略過(guò)
#下載源代碼
git clone https://github.com/makehumancommunity/makehuman.git 
cd makehuman/makehuman/
python3 download_assets_git.py
#安裝 git-lfs乏苦，參考：https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs/packages/ubuntu/vivid/git-lfs_2.5.1_amd64.deb
#  wget --content-disposition https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs/packages/debian/jessie/git-lfs_2.5.1_amd64.deb/download.deb
#  sudo dpkg -i git-lfs_2.5.1_amd64.deb 
#  git lfs install 
python3 download_assets_git.py 
python3 compile_models.py
python3 compile_proxies.py
python3 compile_targets.py 
#啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用
 ./makehuman
#如果無(wú)法啟動(dòng)，執(zhí)行如下命令
# sudo apt-get install python python-numpy python-opengl python-qt4 python-qt4-gl
#sudo apt-get install python-opengl python3-opengl python3-qt*
#遺留問(wèn)題：python3-pyqt5.opengl這個(gè)包找不到尤筐，opengl模式開啟失敗汇荐，但不影響基本使用。

以上注釋部分為安裝時(shí)遇到的依賴問(wèn)題盆繁，如果遇到掀淘，就執(zhí)行其中代碼。

• 安裝頂部擴(kuò)展插件
  用火狐打開https://extensions.gnome.org/
  命令行版:gsettings list-recursively |grep "org.gnome.shell.extensions"
• 破解一些東東
  • webstorm系列,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),
    云服務(wù)器...
  • sublime http://xxx.com
  • sudo cp winewrapper.exe.so /opt/cxoffice/lib/wine/
  • wing

easyconnect配置

• 安裝前后可能遇到的問(wèn)題
  • 修復(fù)add-repository
  • 開啟32位架構(gòu)支持 sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
  • USB devices are not recognized in Virtualbox Linux host
    sudo adduser $USER vboxusers
  • dpkg 資源占用問(wèn)題
    sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
  • 注意關(guān)機(jī)前一定要把lantern退出,不然再次開機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)非常奇怪的問(wèn)題.有時(shí)間寫個(gè)關(guān)機(jī)監(jiān)控腳本.
  • chrome更新源問(wèn)題
    -apt-file search xx.so/aptitude search xxx

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/chrome-remote-desktop.list
echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list  
wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -  
sudo apt update  
sudo apt upgrade 
#In case you still have problems with the update process, check the /etc/apt/sources.list file and remove any Google entry that may exist by executing sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

evil-witch-wallpaper-desktop-background-1366x768.jpg

六油昂、參考資料

https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/233823#
https://www.ithome.com/html/it/353590.htm
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/102206.htm
http://tieba.baidu.com/p/4348516267#

寫作計(jì)劃：打算再單獨(dú)寫幾篇革娄，內(nèi)容包括但不限于自動(dòng)化腳本，美化及優(yōu)化冕碟，開發(fā)環(huán)境搭建稠腊。