Listening

States of matter

Test Results

對(duì)話總結(jié)

States of matter

Matter is made of atoms and molecules.物質(zhì)是由原子和分子構(gòu)成.

atom 原子 molecule 分子
be made of 由...構(gòu)成 be made from (制作過程中發(fā)生化學(xué)變化)
The desk is made of wood.桌子是由木頭構(gòu)成的(扔可看出原材料)
The paper is made from wood.紙是由木頭做成(看不出原材料)

A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.一個(gè)水分子有兩個(gè)氫原子和一個(gè)氧原子.

hydrogen 氫 oxygen 氧

Substances like sugar have many atoms in their molecules.像糖這種物質(zhì),有很多原子在它們的分子中.

substance 物質(zhì)
與matter 區(qū)別,substance 是可數(shù)名字 matter 是不可數(shù)名詞
like = such as 比如.

Water and ice are the same substance but they are in different states.水和冰是同一種物質(zhì),但是他們呈現(xiàn)的是不同的形態(tài).

liquid 液體
solid 固體
liquid 和solid 既可以做形容詞 也可以做名詞

When we heat a substance ,the molecules move faster and try to take up more space.當(dāng)我們加熱一種物質(zhì)的時(shí)候,分子會(huì)加速移動(dòng),并且試圖去占用更多空間.

try to do sth 嘗試/設(shè)法做某事
take up 占據(jù)
space 空間

When we cool a substance ,the molecules move more slowly.

cool 冷卻,使變涼. cool a substance

In a solid ,the molecules move very little.Their positions

are almost fixed.在固體的形態(tài),分子幾乎不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng).他們的位置基本是固定的.
position 位置
fixed 確定的,固定的

How can we change a solid into a liquid ? 我們?nèi)绾伟压腆w變成液體?

--To change a solid into a liquid,add heat.

change sth into sth 把...變成...
To change a liquid into a solid ,cool it.把液體變成固體,冷卻它
We can change ice into water 我們可以把冰變成水.

The temperature at which a solid change into a liquid depends on the substance.固體變成液體的溫度取決于物質(zhì).

at a certain temperature 在一定溫度下

which 是關(guān)系代詞,前面加at的原因:
當(dāng)定語從句中的which 做介詞的賓語時(shí),我們就要在which前 加上介詞,temperature 需要用介詞 at ,at...temperature.
正常語序 A solid change into a liquid at which temperature.
在這種情況下 which temperature 是放在介詞后作賓語的
所以不能丟掉介詞,也可以放在后邊
舉例:This is the city in which I lived.
This is the city which I lived in.
The temperature 是

For some substances,such as steel,the temperature at which it becomes a liquid is much higher.Steel often melts at around 1370 degrees Celsius.對(duì)于一些物體來說,比如鋼鐵,變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)的溫度非常高,鋼鐵通常在1370度左右融化.

For water,the solid begins to change into a liquid when its temperature raises to above 0 degrees Celsius.對(duì)于水來說,當(dāng)溫度上升到超過0攝氏度時(shí),由固態(tài)變成液態(tài).

raise to 上升到
above 大于,超過

If we continue to heat liquid,the molecules move even faster.如果我們繼續(xù)加熱液體,分子運(yùn)動(dòng)的會(huì)更快.

continue to do 繼續(xù)做某事

According to scientists ,there are over 65 elements inside the Sun.

inside the Sun 太陽內(nèi)部 in the Sun 在陽光下
according to 根據(jù)
scientist 科學(xué)家 science 科學(xué)
over = more than 超過
element 元素

Test Results

The test was about the state of matter.考試是關(guān)于物質(zhì)的狀態(tài)的.

take the test 參加考試 這里的the 是特指前文提到的test
一般我們說考試 可以用 take a test
be about 關(guān)于

Eleven students scored higher than average(n.).是一名同學(xué)得分比平均分高.

average 平均的(adj) 平均分(n.)

Lisa was disappointed with her test results.As a result,she plans to study harder for the next test.Lisa對(duì)她的考試結(jié)果感到很失望,因此她計(jì)劃要為了下一次考試更努力學(xué)習(xí).

be disappointed with 對(duì)...感到失望
plan to do sth.計(jì)劃做某事
study harder 更努力學(xué)習(xí) study hard 努力學(xué)習(xí)

Tom was surprised and happy with his test results.He didn't study hard,so his result is better than he expected tom對(duì)他的考試結(jié)果感到很驚訝,他并沒有好好學(xué)習(xí),所以他的結(jié)果比預(yù)期要好.

be surprised with 對(duì)...感到驚訝
be better than 比...好
expect 期望
do...better than 比...做的更好
He did better than Lisa did.她比Lisa做的更好