Prison Experiment 2

Though the experiment was designed to last for 14 days, it had to be stopped after just six days.

It had to be stopped because of what was happening to the participants.

ps:?因為參與者發(fā)生了什么事，它不得不停止肛度。

stopped停止亿虽，停下;?中斷颤绕，停止;?結束笤喳，終止;?stop的過去分詞和過去式

because of因為词裤，由于①because of是復合介詞寨昙，其后可接名詞僻肖、代詞、動名詞或由what引導的從句缅叠。②because of一般引導狀語悄泥，不引導表語；但當主語是代詞時肤粱，because of短語在句中可用作表語弹囚。

what什么;?…的事物;?無論什么;?凡是…的事物;?多么;?真;?太

happening事件;?發(fā)生的事情;?即興藝術表演;?熱鬧的;?時髦的;?發(fā)生，出現(xiàn);?出現(xiàn)领曼，發(fā)生;?碰巧;?恰好;?happen的現(xiàn)在分詞

participants參與者;?參加者;?participant的復數(shù)

The interactions between the prisoners and guards had become hostile and degrading.

ps:囚犯和警衛(wèi)之間的相互作用變得敵對和有辱人格鸥鹉。

interactions相互影響；交互作用庶骄；交相感應毁渗；干擾;?interaction的復數(shù)

prisoners囚犯;?犯人;?羈押候?qū)徴??被關起來的人;?俘虜;?戰(zhàn)俘;?prisoner的復數(shù)

guards衛(wèi)兵;?警衛(wèi)員;?看守;?衛(wèi)兵，警衛(wèi);?警戒;?保衛(wèi);?保護;?警衛(wèi);?守衛(wèi);?監(jiān)視;?guard的第三人稱單數(shù)和復數(shù)

become開始變得;?變成;?適合;?與…相稱;?使顯得漂亮;?使好看

hostile敵意的;?敵對的;?堅決否定;?強烈反對;?有阻礙的;?不利的?英 [?h?sta?l] 美 [?hɑ?stl]

degrading有辱人格的;?降低身份的;?貶低的;?降低…身份;?侮辱…的人格;?使受屈辱;?

The guards had become aggressive and brutal, and the prisoners were passive and depressed.

ps:獄警變得咄咄逼人单刁、殘暴不堪灸异，囚犯們也變得消極沮喪。

guards衛(wèi)兵;?警衛(wèi)員;?看守;?衛(wèi)兵，警衛(wèi);?警戒;?保衛(wèi);?保護;?警衛(wèi);?守衛(wèi);?監(jiān)視;?guard的第三人稱單數(shù)和復數(shù)

become開始變得;?變成;?適合;?與…相稱;?使顯得漂亮;?使好看

aggressive好斗的;?挑釁的;?侵略的;?富于攻擊性的;?氣勢洶洶的;?聲勢浩大的;?志在必得的

brutal殘暴的;?獸性的;?直截了當?shù)??冷酷的

prisoners囚犯;?犯人;?羈押候?qū)徴??被關起來的人;?俘虜;?戰(zhàn)俘;?prisoner的復數(shù)

werebe 的過去時復數(shù)和第二人稱單數(shù)形式;?有時代替 was肺樟，用于條件從句檐春、動詞 wish 之后等

passive消極的;?被動的;?被動語態(tài)的;?動詞被動形式;?被動語態(tài)

depressed抑郁的;?沮喪的;?意志消沉的;?患抑郁癥的;?不景氣的;?蕭條的;?經(jīng)濟困難

As a result, five of the prisoners had to be released early because of the severe negative emotions.

ps:結果，5名囚犯因為嚴重的負面情緒而不得不提前獲釋儡嘶。

As a result因此

prisoners囚犯;?犯人;?羈押候?qū)徴??被關起來的人;?俘虜;?戰(zhàn)俘;?prisoner的復數(shù)

early早期的;?初期的;?早先的;?早到的;?提前的;?提早的;?在早期;?在初期;?在開始階段;?提早;?提前;?先前;?早些時候;?…之前

because of因為喇聊，由于①because of是復合介詞恍风，其后可接名詞蹦狂、代詞、動名詞或由what引導的從句朋贬。②because of一般引導狀語凯楔，不引導表語；但當主語是代詞時锦募，because of短語在句中可用作表語摆屯。

severe極為惡劣的;?十分嚴重的;?嚴厲的;?重的;?苛刻的

negative壞的;?有害的;?消極的;?負面的;?缺乏熱情的;?否定的;?否定詞;?否定;?拒絕;?底片;?負片;?屬陰性的結果;?否定…的真實性;?證偽

emotions強烈的感情;?激情;?情感;?情緒;?emotion的復數(shù)

Even the researchers were affected, and they began to overlook what was happening.

ps:甚至研究人員也受到了影響，他們開始忽視正在發(fā)生的事情糠亩。

Even甚至虐骑，連，即使;?甚至更赎线，愈加廷没，還;?甚至可以說，其實垂寥，實際上;?平滑的;?平的;?平坦的;?變化不大的颠黎，均勻的，平穩(wěn)的;?相等的;?均等的;?平;?相等;?變平

researchers研究員;?科研工作者;?researcher的復數(shù)

werebe 的過去時復數(shù)和第二人稱單數(shù)形式;?有時代替 was滞项，用于條件從句狭归、動詞 wish 之后等

affected假裝的;?做作的;?影響;?侵襲;?使感染;?深深打動;?使悲傷;?affect的過去分詞和過去式

began開始;?啟動;?起始;?開始存在;?起初是;?本來是;?begin的過去式

overlook忽略;?未注意到;?不予理會，視而不見;?俯視;?眺望

happening事件;?發(fā)生的事情;?即興藝術表演;?熱鬧的;?時髦的;?發(fā)生文判，出現(xiàn);?出現(xiàn)过椎，

Instead of halting the experiment, they let it continue.

ps:他們沒有停止試驗，而是讓試驗繼續(xù)進行戏仓。

Instead of代替;?作為…的替換

halting斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的;?結結巴巴的;?停止疚宇，停下;?halt的現(xiàn)在分詞??英 [?h??lt??] 美 [?h??lt??]

experiment實驗;?試驗;?嘗試;?實踐;?做試驗;?進行實驗;?試用

let允許;?讓;?準許;?許可;?同意;?擦網(wǎng)球;?出租;?租借

continue持續(xù);?繼續(xù)存在;?不斷發(fā)生;?繼續(xù)做;?不停地干;?走，移動;?延伸

They themselves had become dehumanized by the situation they had designed.

ps:他們自己已經(jīng)被他們設計的情況所剝奪了人性柜去。

become開始變得;?變成;?適合;?與…相稱;?使顯得漂亮;?使好看

dehumanized使喪失人性;?使無人性;?dehumanize的過去分詞和過去式

situation情況;?狀況;?形勢;?局面;?地理位置灰嫉，環(huán)境特點;?職業(yè);?工作崗位

designed設計;?制圖;?構思;?計劃;?籌劃;?制訂;?制造;?意欲;?design的過去分詞和過去式

Finally, they realized that the experiment had to be stopped.

Question:

1.A degrading experience makes people feel worthless.

2. to become dehumanized means to no longer act or feel like a human being.

Fill in the blanks:

Though the experiment was designed to last for 14 days, it had to be stopped after just six days. It had to be stopped because of what was happening to the participants. The interactions between the prisoners and guards had become hostile and degrading. The guards had become aggressive and brutal, and the prisoners were passive and depressed. As a result, five of the prisoners had to be released early because of the severe negative emotions.

Put the sentences below in order:

Though the experiment was designed to last for 14 days, it had to be stopped after just six days.It had to be stopped because of what was happening to the participants.The interactions between the prisoners and guards had become hostile and degrading. The guards had become aggressive and brutal, and the prisoners were passive and depressed. As a result, five of the prisoners had to be released early because of the severe negative emotions.

What this experiment demonstrates is the powerful effect that situations can have on human behavior.

ps:這個實驗證明了情境對人類行為的強大影響。

What什么;?…的事物;?無論什么;?凡是…的事物;?多么;?真;?太

experiment實驗;?試驗;?嘗試;?實踐;?做試驗;?進行實驗;?試用

demonstrates證明;?證實;?論證;?說明;?表達;?表露;?表現(xiàn);?顯露;?示范;?演示;?demonstrate的第三人稱單數(shù)

powerful有權勢的;?有影響力的;?強有力的;?力量大的;?很有效的;?有強烈作用的嗓奢，效力大的

effect效應;?影響;?結果;?外觀讼撒，聲響，印象，效果;?財產(chǎn)根盒，所有物钳幅，財物;?使發(fā)生;?實現(xiàn);?引起

situations情況;?狀況;?形勢;?局面;?地理位置，環(huán)境特點;?職業(yè);?工作崗位;?situation的復數(shù)

have on掌握不利于的證據(jù);?抓住的把柄

human behavior人類行為

Given a position of power, people can begin to behave differently than they normally would.

ps:如果有了權力炎滞，人們的行為就會開始與平時不同敢艰。

Given已經(jīng)安排好的;?規(guī)定的;?指定的;?所述的;?特定的;?考慮到;?鑒于;?假設事實;?給;?交給;?贈送;?贈與;?送給;?提供，供給册赛，供應;?give的過去分詞

position位置;?地方;?恰當位置;?正確位置;?姿態(tài)钠导，姿勢;?放置方式;?安裝;?安置;?使處于

power控制力;?影響力;?操縱力;?統(tǒng)治;?政權;?能力;?機會;?驅(qū)動，推動;?迅猛移動森瘪，快速前進

begin開始;?啟動;?起始;?開始存在;?起初是;?本來是

behave表現(xiàn);?表現(xiàn)得體;?有禮貌;?表現(xiàn)得…的

differently不同地牡属；相異地

normally通常;?正常情況下;?正常地;?平常地

would(will的過去式，用于轉(zhuǎn)述)將扼睬，將會;?帶出想象的結果;?就會;?想要;?希望;?愿意;?喜歡;?立定

They can begin to behave in an aggressive manner while those with no power can became passive and depressed.

In other words, the experiment shows that situations can cause abusive behavior.

ps:換言之逮栅，實驗表明，情境會導致虐待行為窗宇。

abusive英 [??bju?s?v]? 美 [??bju?s?v] adj.辱罵的;惡語的;毀謗的;虐待的派生詞： abusively adv.

Fill in the blanks:

1. What this experiment demonstrates is the powerful effect that situations can have on human behavior. Given a position of power, people can begin to behave differently than they normally would.

2. This experiment demonstrates that situations can have a powerful effect on human behavior.

There are some important criticisms of this experiment.

ps:?對這個實驗有一些重要的批評措伐。

There are有;?可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式;?許多重要事情要談

important重要的;?有重大影響的;?有巨大價值的;?影響很大的;?權威的

criticisms批評;?批判;?責備;?指責;?評論文章，評論;?criticism的復數(shù)

experiment實驗;?試驗;?嘗試;?實踐;?做試驗;?進行實驗;?試用

One criticism is that it is an example of unethical research.

ps:一種批評是军俊，這是一個不道德研究的例子侥加。

unethical 英 [?n?eθ?kl] 美 [?n?eθ?kl] adj. 不道德的

It went on longer than it should have.

It is also unrepresentative since the participants were mostly white, middle-class males.

ps:這也不具代表性，因為參與者大多是白人蝇完，中產(chǎn)階級男性官硝。

unrepresentative不典型的;?無代表性的

since自…以后;?從…以來;?何曾，什么時候;?從…以后;?自…以來;?因為;?由于;?既然;?此后;?后來

participants參與者;?參加者;?participant的復數(shù)

werebe 的過去時復數(shù)和第二人稱單數(shù)形式;?有時代替 was短蜕，用于條件從句氢架、動詞 wish 之后等

mostly主要地;?一般地;?通常

middle-class中產(chǎn)階級的;?中等收入階層的;?典型中產(chǎn)階級特色的;?帶有中產(chǎn)階級傳統(tǒng)觀念的;?古板的

males男性;?雄性;?雄株;?male的復數(shù)

Despite the criticism, the experiment remains an important study of human behavior.

ps:盡管受到批評，這個實驗仍然是人類行為的重要研究朋魔。

Despite即使;?盡管;?盡管不愿意

criticism批評;?批判;?責備;?指責;?評論文章岖研，評論

experiment實驗;?試驗;?嘗試;?實踐;?做試驗;?進行實驗;?試用

remains剩余物;?殘留物;?剩飯菜;?古代遺物;?古跡;?遺跡;?遺址;?遺體;?遺骸;?仍然是;?保

Recent examples of the Stanford Effect may include the treatment of prisoners of war by American soldiers in the Iraq war.

ps:最近斯坦福效應的例子可能包括美國士兵在伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭中對待戰(zhàn)俘

human behavior人類行為

examples實例;?例證;?例子;?典型;?范例;?樣品;?榜樣;?楷模;?模范;?example的復數(shù)

Stanford斯坦福

treatment of prisoners of war【法】戰(zhàn)俘待遇

soldiers軍人;?士兵;?當兵;?磨洋工;?堅持干;?假稱害病;?soldier的第三人稱單數(shù)和復數(shù)

Iraq伊拉克共和國

Other possible examples include bullying at school and gang behavior.

ps:?其他可能的例子包括學校欺凌和幫派行為。

examples實例;?例證;?例子;?典型;?范例;?樣品;?榜樣;?楷模;?模范;?example的復數(shù)

include包括;?包含;?使成為…的一部分

bullying恐嚇;?傷害;?脅迫;?bully的現(xiàn)在分詞

at school在學校;?在上課;?在求學

According to the head researcher, Philip Zimbardo, it helps to explain how ordinary people sometimes turn evil.

ps:?根據(jù)首席研究員Philip Zimbardo的說法警检，這有助于解釋普通人有時如何變得邪惡孙援。

researcher研究員;?科研工作者

Philip腓力（公元8世紀，意大利籍敵對教皇）

helps幫助;?協(xié)助;?援助;?改善狀況;?促進;?促使;?攙扶;?帶領;?help的第三人稱單數(shù)

explain解釋;?說明;?闡明;?說明原因;?解釋理由

ordinary people平常人

sometimes有時;?間或

turn轉(zhuǎn)動扇雕，旋轉(zhuǎn);?轉(zhuǎn)身;?扭轉(zhuǎn);?翻轉(zhuǎn);?翻動;?把…翻過來;?轉(zhuǎn)動;?旋動;?轉(zhuǎn)彎拓售，轉(zhuǎn)向;?彎道，轉(zhuǎn)彎處

evil惡毒的;?邪惡的;?有害的;?道德敗壞的;?惡魔的;?罪惡的;?邪惡;?罪惡;?惡行;?害處;?壞

If situations do influence people behavior, then managing situations can be a way of controlling people.

ps:如果情況確實影響人們的行為镶奉，那么管理情況可以成為控制人們的一種方式

situations情況;?狀況;?形勢;?局面;?地理位置础淤，環(huán)境特點;?職業(yè);?工作崗位;?situation的復數(shù)

influence影響;?作用;?支配力;?控制力;?影響力;?有影響的人;?對…起作用;?支配;?左右

people人;?人們;?大家;?人民崭放，國民;?民族;?種族;?居住在;?把…擠滿人;?住滿居民;?person的復數(shù)

behavior行為;?性能;?表現(xiàn);?習性

then當時，那時;?到那時鸽凶，屆時;?然后;?接著;?其后;?后來;?那么;?因此;?既然如此;?當時的

managing完成;?勉力完成;?能解決;?應付;?湊合著活下去;?支撐;?manage的現(xiàn)在分詞

way方法;?手段;?途徑;?方式;?作風;?風度;?樣子;?行為方式币砂，生活方式，習俗;?很遠;?大量

controlling指揮;?控制;?掌管;?支配;?限制;?限定;?阻止蔓延;?control的現(xiàn)在分詞

Question:

1. What's a possible example of the Stanford Effect?

?bullying at school

Fill in the blanks:

Despite the criticism, the experiment remains an important study of human behavior. Recent examples of the Stanford Effect may include the treatment of prisoners of war by American soldiers in the Iraq war. Other possible examples include bullying at school and gang behavior. According to the head researcher, Philip Zimbardo, it helps to explain how ordinary people sometimes turn evil. If situations do influence people behavior, then managing situations can be a way of controlling people.

Repeat & Read Sentences:

1. There are some important criticisms of this experiment.

2. In a bullying situation, some students take on a new, evil personality.

3. Those without power can become passive and depressed.

4. A degrading experience makes people feel worthless.

5. As the experiment continued, the researchers lost their ability to think objectively.

6. Guards worked in teams of three and were assigned to work in eight-hour shifts.

7.It went on longer than it should have.