Virtually all emperor penguins doomed for extinction by 2100 as climate change looms, study finds
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)洋只，到 2100 年，幾乎所有帝企鵝都注定隨著氣候變化的逼近而走向滅絕
Nearly all of the world's emperor penguin colonies may be pushed to the brink of extinction by 2100, a new study has found, as the United States moves to list them as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.
一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，到 2100 年攻冷，世界上幾乎所有的帝企鵝群都可能會被逼至滅絕邊緣口蝠。近來博肋，根據(jù)《瀕危物種法》舟肉，美國提議將帝企鵝列為受威脅物種桶现。
If climate change continues at its current rate, more than 98% of emperor penguin colonies are expected to become quasi-extinct by the turn of the century. The scientists' near-term predictions were equally grim: they estimated at least two-thirds of colonies would be quasi-extinct by 2050.
如果氣候變化以目前的速度繼續(xù)下去厉碟，到下個世紀(jì)初喊巍，超過 98% 的帝企鵝群將會處在“準(zhǔn)滅絕”狀態(tài)。而科學(xué)家們的短期預(yù)測同樣不容樂觀：他們預(yù)計(jì)箍鼓，到 2050 年崭参，會有至少三分之二的帝企鵝群走向“準(zhǔn)滅絕”。
Emperor penguins are the world's largest penguin species. A study published in 2020 estimated that there are about 280,000 breeding pairs worldwide, nearly all of which are in Antarctica. The species is especially vulnerable to climate change because, like polar bears in the Arctic, they depend on sea ice for vital activities including breeding, feeding, and molting.
帝企鵝是世界上體型最大的企鵝物種款咖。一項(xiàng)發(fā)表于 2020 年的研究曾估算阵翎，當(dāng)時世界上有近 28 萬對仍在繁殖的帝企鵝，而它們幾乎全部都生活在南極之剧。帝企鵝對于氣候變化尤其敏感郭卫，因?yàn)楹捅睒O熊一樣，它們也依靠海冰來進(jìn)行包括繁殖背稼、喂養(yǎng)贰军、換羽在內(nèi)的必不可少的生命活動。
An emperor penguin colony in the Antarctic's Weddell Sea was effectively wiped out in 2016 because of record-low sea ice and early ice breakup. More than 10,000 chicks are thought to have drowned when the sea ice broke up before they were ready to swim.
2016 年，由于海冰數(shù)量創(chuàng)下歷史新低词疼、冰面過早解凍俯树，位于南極威德爾海的一個帝企鵝群實(shí)際已遭滅絕。海冰裂開時贰盗，企鵝幼崽還未能下水游泳许饿，據(jù)說有超過 1 萬只小企鵝溺死在了海水之中。
The emperor penguins are a vital part of the Antarctic food chain, preying on krill, squid, and small fish and providing a source of food for leopard seals and killer whales. "Although they are found in Antarctica, far from human civilization, they live in a delicate balance with their environment, which today is rapidly changing — they have become modern-day canaries," for the effects of climate change, said Stephanie Jenouvrier, a lead author of the study.
帝企鵝是南極食物鏈中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)舵盈，它們捕食磷蝦陋率、魷魚以及小型魚類，同時秽晚，帝企鵝還是豹斑海豹和虎鯨的食物來源瓦糟。談及氣候變化的影響時，該項(xiàng)研究的第一作者斯蒂芬妮·杰諾維耶說：“盡管帝企鵝身處遠(yuǎn)離人類文明的南極洲赴蝇，但它們生活在一種與周邊環(huán)境的微妙平衡之中∑姓悖現(xiàn)如今，它們所處的環(huán)境正在迅速變化句伶。它們已經(jīng)成了現(xiàn)代意義上的金絲雀劲蜻。”
主編：Hoby考余、菜菜
品控：Raven
審核：木子
重點(diǎn)詞匯
doom
/du?m/
v. 使在劫難逃斋竞，使注定
英文釋義：to make certain that sb. or sth. is going to suffer in some way
搭配短語：A dooms B to sth.
例句：Mounting debts doomed many factories to closure.
loom
/lu?m/
v.（尤指形狀模糊的龐然大物）陰森森地出現(xiàn)，逼近
例句：Suddenly a mountain loomed up in front of him.
例句：There is a crisis looming.
colony
/?kɑ?.l?.ni/
n. 群落秃殉，生物集群坝初；殖民地
brink
/br??k/
n. 邊緣
同義詞：edge
搭配短語：the brink of sth.
搭配短語：the brink of the cliffs
搭配短語：the brink of collapse
搭配短語：the brink of law
threatened
/?θretnd/
adj. 受到威脅的，感到危險(xiǎn)的
例句：I feel threatened.
搭配短語：a threatened species（受威脅物種）
詞義辨析：threatened, endangered
threatened 所指的 “受威脅物種”包括任何可能在不久的將來滅絕的物種钾军。endangered 所指的“瀕危物種”雖然也包括在“受威脅物種”之內(nèi)鳄袍，但“瀕危物種”面臨的危機(jī)比“受威脅物種”更嚴(yán)重，現(xiàn)存數(shù)量一般也更少吏恭。
the turn of the century
世紀(jì)之交
相關(guān)詞匯：turn（n. 兩個時段交替的時間點(diǎn)）
搭配短語：the turn of the year = New Year（元旦）
grim
/ɡr?m/
adj. 令人沮喪的拗小；荒涼的；嚴(yán)肅的樱哼，滿面愁容的
搭配短語：a grim city（荒涼的）
例句：Her face was grim.（嚴(yán)肅的）
搭配短語：grim news（令人沮喪的）
breeding
/?bri?d??/
n. 繁殖哀九，交配（可用作定語，修飾名詞）
相關(guān)詞匯：breed（v. 交配搅幅，繁殖）
搭配短語：the breeding season（交配的季節(jié)）
be vulnerable to
易受到……的傷害
相關(guān)詞匯：vulnerable（adj. 脆弱的）
例句：People with high blood pressure are vulnerable to diabetes.
例句：Children are vulnerable to abuse within their own homes.
vital
/?va?tl/
adj. 必不可少的阅束；維持生命所必需的
搭配短語：the vital organs
molt
/mo?lt/
v. 換羽；蛻皮
例句：They'd love to see birds molting into their winter shades of grey.
effectively
/??fekt?vli/
adv. 實(shí)際上地茄唐，事實(shí)上地息裸；有效地
例句：Although she's not officially our boss, she effectively controls the office.
wipe out
使滅絕；摧毀，毀滅
相關(guān)詞匯：wipe（v. 擦凈呼盆，抹干）
例句：The spill could wipe out the Gulf's turtle population.
相關(guān)詞匯：wipe-out（n. 完全的毀滅年扩，消滅）
搭配短語：a nuclear wipe-out
record-low
/?rek?rd l??/
adj. 創(chuàng)歷史新低的
相關(guān)詞匯：record（n. 紀(jì)錄）
相關(guān)詞匯：low（adj. 低的）
反義詞：record-high（adj. 創(chuàng)歷史新高的）
be thought to do
據(jù)說
近義搭配：be believed to do
近義搭配：be considered to do
prey
/pre?/
v. 捕食
相關(guān)詞匯：eat（v. 吃）
例句：Emperor penguins prey on krill, squid, and small fish.
詞性拓展：prey（n. 獵物）
例句：Krill, squid and small fish are the prey of emperor penguins.
例句：Leopard seals and killer whales prey on emperor penguins.
delicate
/?del?k?t/
adj. 脆弱的；易碎的访圃，易壞的
canary
/k??neri/
n. 金絲雀
搭配短語：canaries in the coal mine（煤礦里的金絲雀）
文化補(bǔ)充：過去開采煤礦時厨幻，礦井中往往有很多未知的有毒氣體，因此煤礦工人一般會帶著一只金絲雀下到礦井中腿时，觀察它的反應(yīng)况脆。如果金絲雀進(jìn)入礦井一段時間后死亡，則說明此處有危險(xiǎn)圈匆，需要盡快撤離。
