04定語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句

1.什么是定語(yǔ)

只要聽(tīng)到...的+名詞卓嫂，...的就是修飾這個(gè)名詞的定語(yǔ)的成分

2.定語(yǔ)的成分

• 形容詞作定語(yǔ)
  • The innocent nightingale died.
  • The nightingale innocent and brave died.
• 名詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)
  • The n's singing can make the rose bloom.
  • The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.
• 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)
  • The n (out of the window) heard the sighs (of the youngster).
• 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)
  • The singing n lost his life.
• 從句作定語(yǔ)
  • l

3.定語(yǔ)的位置

前小后大：當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞修飾名詞的時(shí)候通常放在名詞前宙暇，當(dāng)多個(gè)單詞修飾名詞的時(shí)候通常放在名詞后外遇。

練習(xí)：

• 這是一個(gè)關(guān)于夜鶯和玫瑰的故事。
  • This is a fiction about a nightingale and a rose.
• 那個(gè)懂愛(ài)的年輕人離開(kāi)了王子的舞會(huì)摸恍。
  • The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince.
• 被拒絕的男生看起來(lái)很可伶罕袋。
  • The rejected boy looks pitiful.
  • The boy rejected looks pitiful.(當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞修飾名詞的時(shí)候台盯，即使只有一個(gè)單詞也放在名詞后)
• I have something important to tell you.(當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞的時(shí)候存筏，即使只有一個(gè)名詞也放在名詞后)
• I have important something to tell you.

4.定語(yǔ)從句

• 定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成：n + 引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系代詞） +句子

• 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：按照先行詞的種類進(jìn)行分類宠互，一共把引導(dǎo)詞分成5類

• 當(dāng)先行詞是人的時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)詞有：who whom whose

• 當(dāng)先行詞是物的時(shí)候椭坚，引導(dǎo)詞有：that which whose

• 當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間的時(shí)候予跌，引導(dǎo)詞有：that which when

• 當(dāng)先行詞是地點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)詞有：that which where

• 當(dāng)先行詞是原因的時(shí)候善茎，引導(dǎo)詞有：that which why

• 誰(shuí)決定引導(dǎo)詞的用法:

  ①看先行詞②引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?共同決定了定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法券册。

  • I will never forget the day __ I met you.
    • when
  • I will never forget the day __ we spent.
    • that
  • You had better have some reason __you are late.
    • why
  • You had better have some reason__sounds perfect.
    • that

• 定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的分類新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

  • 引導(dǎo)詞可以按照引導(dǎo)詞本身的詞性分類
    • 代詞(在從句中一定要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的成分)：who whom that which
    • 副詞(在從句中不能充當(dāng)任何主干成分)：where when why
    • 形容詞(在從句中修飾離他最近的名詞)：whose
  • 引導(dǎo)詞先時(shí)間，從句不缺成分：when
  • 引導(dǎo)詞原因，從句不缺成分：why
  • 引導(dǎo)詞先地點(diǎn)烁焙，從句不缺成分：where
  • 引導(dǎo)詞先人或物航邢，從句不缺成分：whose

練習(xí)：

• 夜鶯用生命換來(lái)的玫瑰花被扔掉了
  • The rose that the nightingale exchanged with his life was discarded.
• 這些圓頂?shù)慕ㄖ锟雌饋?lái)很漂亮。
  • Buildings whose roofs are round look beautiful.
• 成功屬于有夢(mèng)想的人已經(jīng)被無(wú)數(shù)事實(shí)所證明骄蝇。
  • It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those who with dreams.
• 穿自己的鞋不僅方便膳殷，不用去管別人的感受。
  • Wearing my our shoes not only proves convenient, but also ensures a point that the feelings of others can be ignored.
• 問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為道德的淪喪負(fù)責(zé)乞榨。
  • The point of the issue seems who should be responsible for the decline of ethics.
• 外表看起來(lái)很邋遢的他秽之，其實(shí)內(nèi)心很高尚当娱。
  • He whose appearance looks indecent proves noble in his mind.
• 那些全力以赴去實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的人吃既，即使沒(méi)有成功也不會(huì)感到遺憾這是很重要的。
  • It seems indispensable that those who spare no efforts never feel pitiful,although they fail to achieve glories.
• 上課不集中精力而又希望通過(guò)考試的同學(xué)往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果往往差強(qiáng)人意跨细。
  • Students who fail to concentrate in class but wish to pass examinations smoothly tend to find that consequence proves less impressive.

5.定語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法

1. that在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候鹦倚，如果that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，that可以省略

   • I enjoy the book my mother bought for me.
   • 在分析長(zhǎng)難句的時(shí)候冀惭，如果見(jiàn)到有兩個(gè)名詞或代詞直接放在一起震叙，中間沒(méi)有被連詞或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)隔開(kāi)，通常都是省略了that的定語(yǔ)從句

2. 區(qū)別限制和非限制定語(yǔ)從句

   • I love liu, who is beautiful.（非限制定語(yǔ)從句）
   • I love liu who is beautiful.
   • 在分析長(zhǎng)難句的時(shí)候散休，非限制性定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于插入語(yǔ)可以完全不看媒楼。

3. 如果先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞之間介詞，人不用who只用whom戚丸，物不用that只用which

   • He is the man __we should learn from.

     • who

   • He is the man from__we should learn.

     • whom

   • I wil never forget the day __ I met you.

     • when

   • I wil never forget the day on __ I met you.

     • which

4. 區(qū)別the same...as; the same... that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

   • 看例句：
     • He is the same man as I love.
     • He is the same man that I love.
     • as翻譯成像划址，that翻譯成是

5. as 和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

   • which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾前面整個(gè)句子，as也可以限府。但是which只能只能放到主句的后面夺颤，而as可前可后。

   • He enjoy talking with young ladies, which drives me mad.

6. 定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞which和that的區(qū)別

6.區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

• I have a dream that sounds funny.(定語(yǔ)從句）
• I have a dream that I will become a rich lady.（同位語(yǔ)從句）
• 相同點(diǎn)：
  • 都是先行詞+引導(dǎo)詞+句子
• 不同點(diǎn)：
  • 看從句本身的意思胁勺，定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的修飾世澜，同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞意思的解釋
  • 看引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中是否充當(dāng)了成分，如果充當(dāng)了成分就是定語(yǔ)從句署穗，如果沒(méi)有充當(dāng)成分就是同位語(yǔ)從句
  • 定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是所有名詞寥裂，而同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是抽象名詞
  • 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞總共有8個(gè)，而同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般是whether

7.定語(yǔ)從句的至難點(diǎn)

• 尋找先行詞：必須要讀懂這句話案疲，不然誰(shuí)也找不到
• 如何尋找先行詞抚恒？
  • 定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞就是離它最近的名詞
  • 定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是它前面的幾個(gè)名詞
  • 定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是它前面的一個(gè)從句
  • 定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是它前面的一個(gè)句子
  • 定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞被隔開(kāi)了

8.定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)分析

1.寫作

• 只要在作文中見(jiàn)到名詞都可以有意識(shí)的給它加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)的成分，把句子拉長(zhǎng)络拌。
  • Pets which look cute as well as healthy can reduce loneliness of senior citizens without any children who can take care of them.
  • Reading books which keep beneficial to physical and mental health can add knowledge of all children and adults.
  • 萬(wàn)能定語(yǔ)：
    • which look as well as/ who look as well as
    • 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+such as+例子
• 英漢差異對(duì)比
  • 漢語(yǔ)講究意合俭驮，英語(yǔ)講究形合
    • 句子結(jié)構(gòu)上：主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
    • 邏輯關(guān)系詞的使用上
  • 漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)，英語(yǔ)多被動(dòng)
    • In the past decades, A variety of actions were adopted by the authorities to prevent disasters.
  • 漢語(yǔ)多短句，英語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)句
    • WuZhen is a water town in ZJ provine.
    • It locates near the river from BJ to HZ.
    • 把短句變成長(zhǎng)句的第一個(gè)方法是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
      • WuZhen is a water town in ZJ provine混萝， locating near the river from BJ to HZ.
    • 加連詞
      • WuZhen is a water town in ZJ provine遗遵，and locates near the river from BJ to HZ.
    • 從句
      • WuZhen which locates near the river from BJ to HZ is a water town in ZJ provine.
      • Doors will be decorated by couplets whose topics are involved in health, wealth and good luck.

2.長(zhǎng)難句分析

能夠找到一句話中的定語(yǔ)成分，并且把它們通順地翻譯出來(lái)逸嘀。

如何找到定語(yǔ)呢车要？

找定語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵是找名詞 ，只要名詞后有一坨東西崭倘，只要這一坨東西不是動(dòng)詞翼岁，就暫定為修飾這個(gè)名詞的定語(yǔ)成分。

• 定語(yǔ)從名詞后開(kāi)始司光，到主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前結(jié)束琅坡。

  • Creating a "European identity" (that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent )is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.

• 如果定語(yǔ)在主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的話，定語(yǔ)就從名詞后開(kāi)始通常到 句末結(jié)束残家。

• In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups (which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another).

• 一個(gè)大定語(yǔ)中通常都有無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)小定語(yǔ) ,每一個(gè)小定語(yǔ)都到下一個(gè)名詞后結(jié)束榆俺。

  • Some of these causes are completely reasonable results (of social needs). Others are reasonable consequence (of particular advances)( in science)(being to some extent self-accelerating).