需要資料的加我：hn27242508
一、初始化
假設(shè)已經(jīng)安裝了matplotlib工具包。
利用matplotlib.figure.Figure創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圖框：
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import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?Axes3D
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
二曙咽、直線繪制（Line plots）
基本用法：
1ax.plot(x,y,z,label=' ')
code:
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import?matplotlib as mpl
from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?Axes3D
import?numpy as np
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
mpl.rcParams['legend.fontsize']?=?10
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.gca(projection='3d')
theta?=?np.linspace(-4?*?np.pi,?4?*?np.pi,?100)
z?=?np.linspace(-2,?2,?100)
r?=?z**2?+?1
x?=?r?*?np.sin(theta)
y?=?r?*?np.cos(theta)
ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')
ax.legend()
plt.show()
三尤蛮、散點(diǎn)繪制（Scatter plots）
基本用法：
1ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, s=20, c=None, depthshade=True,?*args,?*kwargs)
xs,ys,zs：輸入數(shù)據(jù)屡律；
s:scatter點(diǎn)的尺寸
c:顏色掩驱，如c = 'r'就是紅色潘靖；
depthshase:透明化蕉陋，True為透明，默認(rèn)為True洼畅，F(xiàn)alse為不透明
*args等為擴(kuò)展變量泵殴，如maker = 'o'，則scatter結(jié)果為’o‘的形狀
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?Axes3D
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import?numpy as np
def?randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
????'''
????Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
????with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
????'''
????return?(vmax?-?vmin)*np.random.rand(n)?+?vmin
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
n?=?100
# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box
# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].
for?c, m, zlow, zhigh?in?[('r',?'o',?-50,?-25), ('b',?'^',?-30,?-5)]:
????xs?=?randrange(n,?23,?32)
????ys?=?randrange(n,?0,?100)
????zs?=?randrange(n, zlow, zhigh)
????ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, c=c, marker=m)
ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')
plt.show()
四单寂、線框圖（Wireframe plots）
基本用法：
1ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z,?*args,?**kwargs)
X,Y,Z：輸入數(shù)據(jù)
rstride:行步長(zhǎng)
cstride:列步長(zhǎng)
rcount:行數(shù)上限
ccount:列數(shù)上限
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?axes3d
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# Grab some test data.
X, Y, Z?=?axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
# Plot a basic wireframe.
ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10)
plt.show()
五贬芥、表面圖（Surface plots）
基本用法：
1ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z,?*args,?**kwargs)
X,Y,Z：數(shù)據(jù)
rstride、cstride宣决、rcount蘸劈、ccount:同Wireframe plots定義
color:表面顏色
cmap:圖層
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?Axes3D
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from?matplotlib?import?cm
from?matplotlib.ticker?import?LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import?numpy as np
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.gca(projection='3d')
# Make data.
X?=?np.arange(-5,?5,?0.25)
Y?=?np.arange(-5,?5,?0.25)
X, Y?=?np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R?=?np.sqrt(X**2?+?Y**2)
Z?=?np.sin(R)
# Plot the surface.
surf?=?ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm,
???????????????????????linewidth=0, antialiased=False)
# Customize the z axis.
ax.set_zlim(-1.01,?1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))
# Add a color bar which maps values to colors.
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)
plt.show()
六、三角表面圖（Tri-Surface plots）
基本用法：
1ax.plot_trisurf(*args,?**kwargs)
X,Y,Z:數(shù)據(jù)
其他參數(shù)類似surface-plot
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?Axes3D
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import?numpy as np
n_radii?=?8
n_angles?=?36
# Make radii and angles spaces (radius r=0 omitted to eliminate duplication).
radii?=?np.linspace(0.125,?1.0, n_radii)
angles?=?np.linspace(0,?2*np.pi, n_angles, endpoint=False)
# Repeat all angles for each radius.
angles?=?np.repeat(angles[..., np.newaxis], n_radii, axis=1)
# Convert polar (radii, angles) coords to cartesian (x, y) coords.
# (0, 0) is manually added at this stage,? so there will be no duplicate
# points in the (x, y) plane.
x?=?np.append(0, (radii*np.cos(angles)).flatten())
y?=?np.append(0, (radii*np.sin(angles)).flatten())
# Compute z to make the pringle surface.
z?=?np.sin(-x*y)
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.gca(projection='3d')
ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z, linewidth=0.2, antialiased=True)
plt.show()
七尊沸、等高線（Contour plots）
基本用法：
1ax.contour(X, Y, Z,?*args,?**kwargs)
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?axes3d
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from?matplotlib?import?cm
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
X, Y, Z?=?axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
cset?=?ax.contour(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
ax.clabel(cset, fontsize=9, inline=1)
plt.show()
二維的等高線威沫，同樣可以配合三維表面圖一起繪制：
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?axes3d
from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?axes3d
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from?matplotlib?import?cm
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.gca(projection='3d')
X, Y, Z?=?axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=8, cstride=8, alpha=0.3)
cset?=?ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-100, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
cset?=?ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='x', offset=-40, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
cset?=?ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='y', offset=40, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_xlim(-40,?40)
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_ylim(-40,?40)
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
ax.set_zlim(-100,?100)
plt.show()
也可以是三維等高線在二維平面的投影：
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?axes3d
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from?matplotlib?import?cm
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.gca(projection='3d')
X, Y, Z?=?axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=8, cstride=8, alpha=0.3)
cset?=?ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-100, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
cset?=?ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='x', offset=-40, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
cset?=?ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='y', offset=40, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_xlim(-40,?40)
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_ylim(-40,?40)
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
ax.set_zlim(-100,?100)
plt.show()
?八、Bar plots（條形圖）
基本用法：
1ax.bar(left, height, zs=0, zdir='z',?*args,?**kwargs
x洼专，y壹甥，zs = z，數(shù)據(jù)
zdir:條形圖平面化的方向壶熏，具體可以對(duì)應(yīng)代碼理解句柠。
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?Axes3D
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import?numpy as np
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
for?c, z?in?zip(['r',?'g',?'b',?'y'], [30,?20,?10,?0]):
????xs?=?np.arange(20)
????ys?=?np.random.rand(20)
????# You can provide either a single color or an array. To demonstrate this,
????# the first bar of each set will be colored cyan.
????cs?=?[c]?*?len(xs)
????cs[0]?=?'c'
????ax.bar(xs, ys, zs=z, zdir='y', color=cs, alpha=0.8)
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
plt.show()
九、子圖繪制（subplot）
A-不同的2-D圖形棒假，分布在3-D空間溯职，其實(shí)就是投影空間不空，對(duì)應(yīng)code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?Axes3D
import?numpy as np
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.gca(projection='3d')
# Plot a sin curve using the x and y axes.
x?=?np.linspace(0,?1,?100)
y?=?np.sin(x?*?2?*?np.pi)?/?2?+?0.5
ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='curve in (x,y)')
# Plot scatterplot data (20 2D points per colour) on the x and z axes.
colors?=?('r',?'g',?'b',?'k')
x?=?np.random.sample(20*len(colors))
y?=?np.random.sample(20*len(colors))
c_list?=?[]
for?c?in?colors:
????c_list.append([c]*20)
# By using zdir='y', the y value of these points is fixed to the zs value 0
# and the (x,y) points are plotted on the x and z axes.
ax.scatter(x, y, zs=0, zdir='y', c=c_list, label='points in (x,z)')
# Make legend, set axes limits and labels
ax.legend()
ax.set_xlim(0,?1)
ax.set_ylim(0,?1)
ax.set_zlim(0,?1)
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
? B-子圖Subplot用法
與MATLAB不同的是帽哑，如果一個(gè)四子圖效果谜酒，如：
MATLAB：
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subplot(2,2,1)
subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,2,[3,4])
Python:
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subplot(2,2,1)
subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,1,2)
code:
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import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d?import?Axes3D, get_test_data
from?matplotlib?import?cm
import?numpy as np
# set up a figure twice as wide as it is tall
fig?=?plt.figure(figsize=plt.figaspect(0.5))
#===============
#? First subplot
#===============
# set up the axes for the first plot
ax?=?fig.add_subplot(2,?2,?1, projection='3d')
# plot a 3D surface like in the example mplot3d/surface3d_demo
X?=?np.arange(-5,?5,?0.25)
Y?=?np.arange(-5,?5,?0.25)
X, Y?=?np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R?=?np.sqrt(X**2?+?Y**2)
Z?=?np.sin(R)
surf?=?ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm,
???????????????????????linewidth=0, antialiased=False)
ax.set_zlim(-1.01,?1.01)
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=10)
#===============
# Second subplot
#===============
# set up the axes for the second plot
ax?=?fig.add_subplot(2,1,2, projection='3d')
# plot a 3D wireframe like in the example mplot3d/wire3d_demo
X, Y, Z?=?get_test_data(0.05)
ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10)
plt.show()
?補(bǔ)充：
文本注釋的基本用法：
code:
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from?mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?import?Axes3D
import?matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig?=?plt.figure()
ax?=?fig.gca(projection='3d')
# Demo 1: zdir
zdirs?=?(None,?'x',?'y',?'z', (1,?1,?0), (1,?1,?1))
xs?=?(1,?4,?4,?9,?4,?1)
ys?=?(2,?5,?8,?10,?1,?2)
zs?=?(10,?3,?8,?9,?1,?8)
for?zdir, x, y, z?in?zip(zdirs, xs, ys, zs):
????label?=?'(%d, %d, %d), dir=%s'?%?(x, y, z, zdir)
????ax.text(x, y, z, label, zdir)
# Demo 2: color
ax.text(9,?0,?0,?"red", color='red')
# Demo 3: text2D
# Placement 0, 0 would be the bottom left, 1, 1 would be the top right.
ax.text2D(0.05,?0.95,?"2D Text", transform=ax.transAxes)
# Tweaking display region and labels
ax.set_xlim(0,?10)
ax.set_ylim(0,?10)
ax.set_zlim(0,?10)
ax.set_xlabel('X axis')
ax.set_ylabel('Y axis')
ax.set_zlabel('Z axis')
plt.show()
