1，Docker安裝
Docker是啥秘蛇，以及其與虛擬機的對比其做，就不介紹了，網(wǎng)上有很多資源可以學習和了解赁还。
本篇文章重點介紹Docker的安裝和測試使用妖泄。
- Docker的安裝，分為離線安裝和在線安裝兩種方式艘策，方便不同的應(yīng)用場景使用不同的安裝方式蹈胡。
- 關(guān)于Docker的測試使用，本文會介紹如何運行Docker容器朋蔫、如何修改Docker容器罚渐，以及如何完成Docker容器到Docker鏡像的轉(zhuǎn)化。
1.1驯妄，docker離線安裝
很簡單荷并，從官網(wǎng)下載最新的docker離線安裝包，并安裝青扔。
# wget https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/bionic/pool/stable/amd64/docker-ce_18.09.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic_amd64.deb
# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libt/libtool/libltdl7_2.4.6-0.1_amd64.deb
# sudo dpkg -i libltdl7_2.4.6-0.1_amd64.deb
# sudo dpkg -i docker-ce-cli_18.09.9_3-0_ubuntu-bionic_amd64.deb
# sudo dpkg -i containerd.io_1.2.6-3_amd64.deb
# sudo dpkg -i docker-ce_18.09.8_3-0_ubuntu-bionic_amd64.deb
- download page
https://ubuntu.pkgs.org/18.04/docker-ce-stable-amd64/docker-ce_18.09.83-0ubuntu-bionic_amd64.deb.html
1.2源织，docker在線安裝
通過apt-get安裝
# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS \n \l
# uname -r
4.4.0-81-generic
# sudo apt-get update # 更新系統(tǒng)資源列表
# apt-get -y install docker.io # 安裝docker
# docker -v # 查看docker版本信息
Docker version 1.6.2, build 7c8fca2
通過daocloud安裝docker
# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
# docker -v
Docker version 17.06.0-ce, build 02c1d87
通過阿里云的鏡像倉庫安裝docker
# curl -sSL http://acs-public-mirror.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/docker-engine/internet | sh -
# docker -v
Docker version 17.05.0-ce, build 89658be
1.3翩伪，執(zhí)行docker，驗證docker是否安裝成功
# docker
Usage: docker COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
--help Print usage
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
1.4谈息，用戶權(quán)限修改
安裝成功之后缘屹，需要使用root用戶才能執(zhí)行docker命令。
如果希望用非root用戶執(zhí)行docker命令侠仇，可以執(zhí)行以下語句轻姿。
注意：執(zhí)行完成后，需要退出再登陸才能生效傅瞻。
# sudo usermod -aG docker $your-user
2踢代，術(shù)語介紹
Docker有倉庫Repositories、鏡像Images和容器Container三大核心嗅骄，三者可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化胳挎。
- Docker，平臺工具溺森、守護進程
- Image慕爬，鏡像，包括應(yīng)用及系統(tǒng)的只讀數(shù)據(jù)包
- Container屏积，容器医窿，虛擬機的運行實例
- Registry，倉庫登記炊林，管理鏡像文件
- Docker hub姥卢，Docker官方公有倉庫
三大核心的關(guān)系，如下圖所示：
docker三大核心.png
3渣聚，創(chuàng)建鏡像
Docker鏡像的創(chuàng)建方式有兩種独榴，分別是：
- 基于現(xiàn)有的鏡像修改
- 直接創(chuàng)建新鏡像
本文介紹基于已有的鏡像修改的方式，一共分為五步奕枝。
3.1棺榔，第一步，下載官網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)鏡像
從官網(wǎng)上pull鏡像hello-world隘道，并運行
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
b04784fba78d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f3b3b28a45160805bb16542c9531888519430e9e6d6ffc09d72261b0d26ff74f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://cloud.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/
從官網(wǎng)上pull鏡像ubuntu症歇，并以交互方式運行
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker run -it ubuntu bash
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
e0a742c2abfd: Pull complete
486cb8339a27: Pull complete
dc6f0d824617: Pull complete
4f7a5649a30e: Pull complete
672363445ad2: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:84c334414e2bfdcae99509a6add166bbb4fa4041dc3fa6af08046a66fed3005f
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
root@93a1b9d39683:/#
root@93a1b9d39683:/#
root@93a1b9d39683:/#
root@93a1b9d39683:/#
root@93a1b9d39683:/#
3.2，第二步谭梗，在CONTAINER中執(zhí)行軟件的安裝
安裝Linux基礎(chǔ)軟件
在第一步的基礎(chǔ)上忘晤，在容器里面，用root用戶執(zhí)行Linux基礎(chǔ)軟件的安裝默辨。
root@93a1b9d39683:/home# apt-get update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Sources [42.0 kB]
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [384 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Sources [9802 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted amd64 Packages [12.8 kB]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages [178 kB]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [2931 B]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [1558 kB]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted amd64 Packages [14.1 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages [9827 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 Packages [176 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe Sources [207 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [742 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [13.3 kB]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages [640 kB]
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [16.8 kB]
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 Packages [4930 B]
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 Packages [6237 B]
Fetched 24.2 MB in 12min 34s (32.1 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
root@93a1b9d39683:/home# apt-get install vim
root@93a1b9d39683:/home# apt-get install curl
root@93a1b9d39683:/home# apt-get install openssh-server
root@93a1b9d39683:/home# apt-get install python
# 安裝ifconfig德频、netstat
root@93a1b9d39683:/home# apt-get install net-tools
# 安裝ping
root@93a1b9d39683:/home# apt-get install iputils-ping
退出CONTAINER
- ctrl+d，退出容器且關(guān)閉缩幸，docker ps查看容器已退出運行（Exited）
- ctrl+p壹置，ctrl+q竞思，退出容器但不關(guān)閉，docker ps查看容器依然處于Up狀態(tài)
3.3钞护，第三步盖喷，將CONTAINER保存為IMAGE
查看容器列表
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
966bd52b72da ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 3 hours ago Exited (137) 2 hours ago stupefied_knuth
568e5204fff3 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 4 hours ago Exited (137) 2 hours ago kind_khorana
00f561d97811 ubuntu "/bin/echo hello w..." 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683 ubuntu "bash" 4 hours ago Up 3 hours zealous_noether
abdc084f9821 hello-world "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago sleepy_clarke
51097978fdc6 hello-world "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago vibrant_panini
查看鏡像列表
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 14f60031763d 3 days ago 120MB
hello-world latest 1815c82652c0 5 weeks ago 1.84kB
保存容器到鏡像
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker commit 93a1b9d39683 learn/visual_init:v1
sha256:56a4eab7dc5b9c1b0dca010e36f4e792963a213ad4b362ab4662602eb66f0216
==============
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]Create a new image from a container's changes
-a, --author="" Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
-m, --message="" Commit message
-p, --pause=true Pause container during commit
==============
查看鏡像列表
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
learn/visual_init v1 56a4eab7dc5b 39 seconds ago 321MB
ubuntu latest 14f60031763d 3 days ago 120MB
hello-world latest 1815c82652c0 5 weeks ago 1.84kB
附，容器的常用操作
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker attach $CONTAINER_ID #連接一個已存在的docker容器
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker stop $CONTAINER_ID #停止docker容器
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker start $CONTAINER_ID #啟動docker容器
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker restart $CONTAINER_ID #重啟docker容器
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker kill $CONTAINER_ID #強制關(guān)閉docker容器
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker logs $CONTAINER_ID #查看docker容器運行日志难咕，確保正常運行
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker inspect $CONTAINER_ID #查看container的屬性课梳，比如ip等等
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker rm $CONTAINER_ID # 刪除容器
3.4，第四步余佃，將IMAGE上傳到倉庫暮刃，或者保存為本地離線文件
push image到阿里云的私有鏡像倉庫
# docker login --username=670590744@qq.com registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
# docker tag 56a4eab7dc5b registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/aiwen:visual_init
# docker push registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/aiwen:visual_init
上傳成功怖亭，如下圖所示
push docker image to ali cloud.png
保存docker image為本地文件搀擂，然后疟位，可以在其他機器上還原使用
root@apple:/home/kevin# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
learn/visual_init v1 56a4eab7dc5b 3 minutes ago 321MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/aiwen visual_init 56a4eab7dc5b 3 minutes ago 321MB
ubuntu latest 14f60031763d 3 days ago 120MB
hello-world latest 1815c82652c0 5 weeks ago 1.84kB
# 將docker image保存為離線的本地文件偏灿，執(zhí)行docker save image_name > ./save.tar 或者 docker save -o filepath image_name
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# docker save -o visual_init.tar 56a4eab7dc5b
root@apple:/home/kevin/docker# ll
total 344956
drwxrwxr-x 2 kevin kevin 4096 Jul 24 08:14 ./
drwxr-xr-x 14 kevin kevin 4096 Jul 24 03:07 ../
-rw-rw-r-- 1 kevin kevin 19182004 May 5 13:03 docker-engine_17.05.0~ce-0~ubuntu-trusty_amd64.deb
-rw-rw-r-- 1 kevin kevin 38292 Feb 7 2016 libltdl7_2.4.6-0.1_amd64.deb
-rw------- 1 root root 333993472 Jul 24 08:13 visual_init.tar
3.5，第五步国撵，在其他機器上還原IMAGE測試使用
- 加載一個docker鏡像文件怀伦，執(zhí)行docker load -i filepath 或者 docker load < ./save.tar
- 執(zhí)行docker pull 或者 docker run柳琢，運行倉庫的image鏡像
aiwen@703:~$ docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/aiwen:visual_init
visual_init: Pulling from zhangsp/aiwen
e0a742c2abfd: Pull complete
486cb8339a27: Pull complete
dc6f0d824617: Pull complete
4f7a5649a30e: Pull complete
672363445ad2: Pull complete
6f2c8900b1ea: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:faf4284d0980958df3c10c49efcc09a041dc894edd54e29304fb7fbe97c674dc
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/aiwen:visual_init
- 備注：導(dǎo)入IMAGE之后坏瘩，可以通過docker tag命令對IMAGE打標簽
kevin@orange:~/docker$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> 293e064b491b 24 hours ago 321.2 MB
kevin@orange:~/docker$ docker tag 293e064b491b aiwen/learn:v1
kevin@orange:~/docker$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
aiwen/learn v1 293e064b491b 24 hours ago 321.2 MB
4盅抚，參考頁面
- 離線安裝docker
http://blog.csdn.net/wn527518/article/details/53160116 - 通過daocloud在線安裝docker
http://get.daocloud.io/#install-docker - 通過阿里云的鏡像倉庫安裝docker
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/docker-engine?spm=a2c1q.8351553.0.0.468c7ecbF2260n - 時速云
https://www.tenxcloud.com/caas.html - 網(wǎng)易云
https://c.163.com/ - 騰訊云的容器服務(wù)
https://cloud.tencent.com/product/ccs - 百度云的容器服務(wù)
https://cloud.baidu.com/product/bae.html
https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/BAE-Pro/GUIGettingStarted.html#.E8.87.AA.E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89.E9.95.9C.E5.83.8F - docker的版本升級記錄
https://github.com/moby/moby/releases - Docker之常用命令
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-10915175-id-4443127.html
