今日導(dǎo)讀
本周一撒强，日本政府公布了新年號(hào)“令和”丈甸，從 1989 年開始使用的“平成”年號(hào)將在今年 5 月 1 日退出歷史舞臺(tái)。在新年號(hào)公布前的幾周尿褪，日本社交媒體就炸了鍋睦擂，網(wǎng)友紛紛猜測這次的新年號(hào)會(huì)是哪兩個(gè)漢字。有意思的是杖玲，很多日本民眾在報(bào)紙和網(wǎng)絡(luò)票選中力推“永和”二字顿仇，讓中國網(wǎng)民也樂了一把。那這次的新年號(hào)的背后到底有什么故事摆马，又有什么創(chuàng)新之處呢臼闻？讓我們跟著 Zurini 老師走進(jìn)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》的這篇新聞。
新聞原文
Reiwa: how Japan's new era name is breaking tradition
Reiwa—Japan’s new imperial era—adheres to the established naming custom in that it comprises two kanji and is easy to read and write.
But it also represents a break with centuries of tradition as the first era name to have been inspired by a Japanese, rather than Chinese, work of classical literature.
The characters are taken from a stanza in a poem about plum blossoms that appears in Man’yoshu, the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry, compiled sometime after 759.
Placed in that literary context, the kanji can be read to mean “fortunate” or “auspicious”, and “peace” or “harmony”.
The naming of a new imperial era for Japan–and for only the third time in almost a century at that—carries enormous significance. Like the era name system, or gengo, throughout Japan’s modern history, Reiwa is supposed to reset the national mood ahead of the new emperor’s reign, which begins on 1 May.
According to Japan’s prime minister, the new era should encompass pride in the country’s history and traditions along with hope for the future.
Not everyone shared the generally enthusiastic reception the new era name received on Monday, with some describing it as a throwback to prewar monarchism.
“Japanese society is no longer controlled by an emperor, ” Hiroshi Kozen, an emeritus professor at Kyoto University, told Kyodo news agency. “The era system should reflect people’s desires, and that should start with a discussion about why we need it, ” he said.
帶著問題看講解
如何理解 in that 這個(gè)詞組囤采？
Man’yoshu 在日本有怎樣的地位述呐？
為什么這個(gè)新年號(hào)引發(fā)了爭議？
新聞?wù)?/h3>
Reiwa: how Japan's new era name is breaking tradition
令和：日本的新年號(hào)如何打破傳統(tǒng)
令和：日本的新年號(hào)如何打破傳統(tǒng)
Reiwa—Japan’s new imperial era—adheres to the established naming custom in that it comprises two kanji and is easy to read and write.
令和——日本的新年號(hào)——遵循了已有的年號(hào)命名慣例蕉毯。因?yàn)樗蓛蓚€(gè)漢字組成乓搬，并>且容易讀寫思犁。
But it also represents a break with centuries of tradition as the first era name to have been inspired by a Japanese, rather than Chinese, work of classical literature.
但是，作為第一個(gè)靈感來源于日本古典文學(xué)作品进肯，而非中國典籍的年號(hào)激蹲，“令和”也打破了千百年來的傳統(tǒng)。
The characters are taken from a stanza in a poem about plum blossoms that appears in Man’yoshu, the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry, compiled sometime after 759.
“令和”取自《萬葉集》一首詠梅詩中的一個(gè)詩節(jié)江掩。而《萬葉集》是現(xiàn)存最古老的日本詩集学辱，編撰于公元 759 年后。
Placed in that literary context, the kanji can be read to mean “fortunate” or “auspicious”, and “peace” or “harmony”.
在詩歌的文學(xué)語境中环形，“令”可以解讀為“幸運(yùn)”或“吉祥”策泣，而“和”則意味著“太平”或“和諧”。
The naming of a new imperial era for Japan—and for only the third time in almost a century at that—carries enormous significance. Like the era name system, or gengo, throughout Japan’s modern history, Reiwa is supposed to reset the national mood ahead of the new emperor’s reign, which begins on 1 May.
日本新年號(hào)的命名——而且是近一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來僅僅第三次的命名——有著極大的意義。和貫穿日本現(xiàn)代史的所有年號(hào)（時(shí)代命名系統(tǒng)）一樣，“令和”的目的是在新天皇即位之前鼓舞國民的情緒化漆。新天皇將于 5 月 1 日即位。
According to Japan’s prime minister, the new era should encompasspride in the country’s history and traditions along with hope for the future.
日本首相稱任洞，這個(gè)新時(shí)代應(yīng)該帶有對(duì)國家歷史和傳統(tǒng)的自豪感，以及對(duì)未來的希望发侵。
Not everyone shared the generally enthusiastic reception the new era name received on Monday, with some describing it as a throwbackto prewar monarchism.
周一當(dāng)天交掏，群眾普遍對(duì)這個(gè)新年號(hào)表示熱烈歡迎，但不是所有人都抱有同樣的態(tài)度刃鳄。有民眾將新年號(hào)描述為戰(zhàn)前君主主義的一次回潮盅弛。
“Japanese society is no longer controlled by an emperor,” Hiroshi Kozen, an emeritus professor at Kyoto University, told Kyodo news agency. “The era system should reflect people’s desires, and that should start with a discussion about why we need it,” he said.
京都大學(xué)的榮譽(yù)退休教授興膳宏告訴共同通訊社：“日本社會(huì)不再由天皇統(tǒng)治∈迦瘢”他說道：“年號(hào)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該反映人們的心愿挪鹏，而要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們應(yīng)該從討論為什么我們需要年號(hào)開始愉烙√趾校”
重點(diǎn)詞匯
era
/??r?/
n. 時(shí)代，年代
e.g.
拓展發(fā)音：UK·/???r?/
拓展發(fā)音：US·/?er?/
搭配短語：the digital era
搭配短語：the post-war era
imperial
/?m?p?ri?l/
adj. 帝國的步责；皇帝的
e.g.
相關(guān)詞匯：empire（n. 帝國）返顺；emperor（n. 皇帝）
adhere to
粘貼，附著蔓肯；遵守遂鹊，忠于，堅(jiān)持
e.g.
例句：The cells adhere to one another.
例句：We should adhere to our principle.
established
/??st?bl??t/
adj. 已經(jīng)確立的蔗包，既定的
e.g.
詞性拓展：establish (v.)
in that
因?yàn)?br>
e.g.
例句：She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.
comprise
/k?m?pra?z/
v. 包含秉扑，包括；組成
e.g.
例句：The house comprises/is comprised of two bedrooms and a living room.
stanza
/?st?nz?/
n.（詩歌的）節(jié)调限，段
plum blossom
梅花
e.g.
相關(guān)詞匯：plum（n. 梅子）
相關(guān)詞匯：blossom（n. 花朵舟陆；花簇）
blossom 搭配短語：peach blossom（桃花）
compile
/k?m?pa?l/
v. 編寫误澳、編纂
place
/ple?s/
v. 放置；使處在...情況下
e.g.
搭配短語：place your hand on the shoulder
搭配短語：be placed in the care of sb.
literary
/?l?t?reri/
adj. 和文學(xué)有關(guān)的吨娜，文學(xué)的
e.g.
英文釋義：connected with literature
詞性拓展：literature (n.)
auspicious
/???sp???s/
adj. 吉利的，吉祥的
e.g.
搭配短語：an auspicious start
at that
（用于提供額外信息）而且
e.g.
例句：She managed to buy a car after all—and a nice one at that.
reign
/re?n/
n. 君主統(tǒng)治時(shí)期淘钟；主宰期宦赠，支配期
e.g
搭配短語：the reign of James I
例句：The end of the war ushered in a new reignof peace and harmony.
encompass
/?n?k?mp?s/
v. 包含，包括
e.g.
近義詞：include
例句：Our job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities.
reception
/r??sep?n/
n. 反響米母，歡迎
e.g.
英文釋義：the type of welcome that is given to sb./sth.
搭配短語：a warm/an enthusiastic reception
例句：We gave her a warm reception.
搭配短語：receive a...reception
throwback
/?θro?b?k/
n. 回歸勾扭，返祖
e.g
相關(guān)詞匯：throw（扔）；back（回到原處）
例句：My whole outfit was a throwback to the 1970s.
文化補(bǔ)充：#throwback 讀作 hashtag throwback铁瞒，是國外年輕人在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)布舊照片時(shí)喜歡加上的標(biāo)簽妙色。
monarchism
/?mɑnɑrk?z?m/
n. 君主主義
e.g.
相關(guān)詞匯：monarch（君主，帝王）
詞根詞綴：-ism（...主義）
emeritus professor
n. 榮譽(yù)退休教授
e.g.
emeritus 詞根詞綴：e- = ex-（退出）慧耍；meritus（拉丁文詞根身辨，指賺取、換壬直獭）
news agency
新聞社煌珊，通訊社
補(bǔ)充詞匯知識(shí)
name
v. 命名
inspire
v. 帶來靈感，激發(fā)想法
read
v. 閱讀泌豆；理解定庵，懂得
enormous
adj. 巨大的，極大的
近義詞：huge
significance
n. 重要性踪危、意義
ahead of sth.
在...之前
詞義辨析
Japan’s, Japanese
Japan’s 經(jīng)常使用在政治蔬浙、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，而 Japanese 更側(cè)重于文化贞远、文學(xué)方面的描述畴博。
長難句解析
But it also represents a break with centuries of tradition as the first era name to have been inspired by a Japanese, rather than Chinese, work of classical literature.
但是，作為第一個(gè)靈感來源于日本古典文學(xué)作品蓝仲，而非中國典籍的年號(hào)绎晃，”令和“也打破了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的傳統(tǒng)。
這句話的主句是 But it also represents a break with centuries of tradition杂曲。as 表示“作為”, as 引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)同位語（the first era name to have been inspired by a Japanese, rather than Chinese, work of classical literature）庶艾。這個(gè)同位語相當(dāng)于句子開頭的 it，指代“令和”這個(gè)年號(hào)擎勘。在這個(gè)同位語中咱揍， rather than Chinese 是一個(gè)插入語，后面省略了 work of classical literature棚饵。
Not everyone shared the generally enthusiastic reception the new era name received on Monday, with some describing it as a throwback to prewar monarchism.
周一當(dāng)天煤裙，群眾普遍對(duì)這個(gè)新年號(hào)表示熱烈歡迎掩完，但不是所有人都抱有同樣的態(tài)度。有民眾將新年號(hào)描述為戰(zhàn)前君主主義的一次回潮硼砰。
這句話的主句是 Not everyone shared the generally enthusiastic reception且蓬，后面的 the new era name received on Monday 是一個(gè)定語從句。the 前面省略了 that题翰，因?yàn)?that 在定語從句中做賓語的時(shí)候可以省略 恶阴。為了方便理解，我們可以把從句改寫成簡單句：the new era name received the enthusiastic reception on Monday豹障。逗號(hào)的后面是一個(gè) with 引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)冯事，由 with，名詞和動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞組成血公。
拓展閱讀
“令和”的由來
“令和”出自有“日本《詩經(jīng)》”之稱的《萬葉集》中《梅花之歌》的序文昵仅。序文的作者大伴旅人是良時(shí)代的政治家和詩人。當(dāng)時(shí)累魔，梅花剛剛從唐朝傳入日本不久摔笤，一時(shí)成為時(shí)髦的風(fēng)雅之物。大伴旅人仿照王羲之的蘭亭集會(huì)垦写，邀請(qǐng)當(dāng)時(shí)的文人墨客到自己的宅邸籍茧，舉辦梅花之宴，共賞梅花梯澜。他還模仿《蘭亭集序》寞冯，為此次宴席上作的三十二首梅花詩寫下序文。這篇序文中的“初春令月晚伙，氣淑風(fēng)和吮龄，梅披鏡前之粉，蘭薰佩后之香”在一千多年后咆疗，成為此次日本新年號(hào)的出處漓帚。這句話的意思是“初春明月夜，氣清風(fēng)和午磁，梅花像鏡前梳妝美女打上一層白粉那樣盛開尝抖，蘭花散發(fā)著美女身上香薰衣服的味道”。
日本新年號(hào)“令和”的首創(chuàng)
- 這次年號(hào)的更改迅皇，是日本憲政史上首次因天皇“生前退位”而進(jìn)行的年號(hào)更改昧辽。1979 年出臺(tái)的《元號(hào)法》規(guī)定，由內(nèi)閣負(fù)責(zé)決定年號(hào)的命名〉峭牵現(xiàn)在日本年號(hào)“平成”就是這樣產(chǎn)生的搅荞。不過，與因昭和天皇駕崩而變更年號(hào)不同的是，因天皇“生前退位”而變更年號(hào)在日本憲政史上還是首次咕痛。
- 這是首次由即將退位的天皇簽署政令的新年號(hào)痢甘。周一當(dāng)天，日本內(nèi)閣將決定好的新年號(hào)呈交給現(xiàn)任天皇茉贡，天皇簽署政令后塞栅，日本內(nèi)閣才對(duì)外公布。在新天皇即位前公布新年號(hào)的做法史無前例腔丧，此前還曾遭保守派的強(qiáng)烈抗議放椰。不過，為了避免變更年號(hào)帶來的不便悔据，日本政府還是決定提前 1 個(gè)月公布庄敛，讓各界有所準(zhǔn)備俗壹。
- 這是首次引用日本古籍的年號(hào)科汗。自 645 年日本啟用首個(gè)年號(hào)“大化”以來，過去 247 個(gè)年號(hào)中辨明出處的均出自中國古籍绷雏，其中多數(shù)是四書五經(jīng)等唐代之前的古典文獻(xiàn)头滔。此前負(fù)責(zé)選擇年號(hào)的專家多由通曉中國古典文化的學(xué)者擔(dān)任，此次正式委托提案的專家則包括了日本文化涎显、中國文學(xué)坤检、日本史學(xué)、東洋史學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的學(xué)者期吓。
