• Chiplet
• Semiconductor device fabrication: 半導體器件制造迄埃。
• Semiconductor Manufacturing Steps with Flow Charts: 這篇文章圖文并茂疗韵，深入淺出。
  幾百個過程侄非，大體上：Wafer Processing, Oxidation, Photography, Etching, Film Deposition 薄膜沉積, Interconnection 互聯(lián), Test 測試, and Package 封裝.
  原材料（沙子蕉汪、多晶、單晶棒）=》晶圓 Wafer逞怨、die者疤，測試、封裝叠赦。
  1. Wafer：Electronic Grade Silicon (EG-Si驹马，EGS) 電子級的硅，棒切片成 Wafer除秀，打磨：即 鑄造糯累、切片、拋光册踩。
  2. Oxidation 氧化泳姐。保護表面。

  3. Photomask 光罩（光掩模）：photoresist coating 涂層, exposure 曝光 and development 顯影棍好。

     
     
     Photomask

  4. Etching 蝕刻

     
     
     Wet Etching Method
     
     
     Dry Etching: Physical Sputtering. Plasma particles hit the oxide layer.

• Computer architecture
• EDA：電子設計自動化
  EDA：Electronic Design Automation.
• MCU: microcontroller unit. 比 SoC (system on a chip) 的復雜性要低得多仗岸。MCU: 微控制器單元，單片機: single-chip microcomputer 單片微型計算機借笙。
  
  MCU芯片規(guī)格分類
• 根據需求環(huán)境劃分：消費級扒怖、工業(yè)級、車規(guī)級业稼、軍工級芯片盗痒。手機芯片：消費電子。車規(guī)級MCU: 汽車電子低散。
• DPPM: defective parts per million. 交付良率俯邓。
• AEC: Automotive Electronics Council 汽車電子委員會。如：AEC-Q100 "Failure Mechanism Based Stress Test Qualification For Integrated Circuits"熔号。
• 四維圖新 了解國產車規(guī)級MCU稽鞭。
• 半導體測試ATE介紹: AutomaticTest Equipment。

常見 ISA

• ISA: Instruction set architecture. 指令集架構引镊。
• CISC
  Complex Instruction Set Computing.
• RISC
  Reduced Instruction Set Computing.
  A common misunderstanding of the phrase "reduced instruction set computer" is the mistaken idea that instructions are simply eliminated, resulting in a smaller set of instructions. In fact, over the years, RISC instruction sets have grown in size, and today many of them have a larger set of instructions than many CISC CPUs.
• Processors that have a RISC architecture typically require fewer transistors than those with a CISC architecture (such as the x86 processors found in most personal computers), which improves cost, power consumption, and heat dissipation.

• The only typical differentiating characteristic is that most RISC designs use uniform instruction length for almost all instructions, and employ strictly separate load/store-instructions.

  
  
  ISA
• Comparison of instruction set architectures朦蕴；

簡單梳理

• SPARC
  Sun 公司篮条，早期做 EMAIL 服務時，在 SPARC 機器上運行 Sun Solaris 操作系統(tǒng)吩抓。
• MIPS涉茧；
  Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages.
• MIPS processors are used in embedded systems such as residential gateways and routers.
• MIPS 是模塊化結構（modular architecture），支持4個 Coprocessor （協(xié)處理器）疹娶，做浮點計算（floating-point arithmetic）, memory management, and graphics accelerators.
• ARM
  Advanced RISC Machine.
  通常三類授權：指令集伴栓；核心 Core；改進和調整雨饺；

ISA（Instruction Set Architecture）

• ISA：指令集體系架構钳垮。
• ISA 位于軟件和硬件之間，硬件的功能通過 ISA 提供出來沛膳，軟件通過 ISA 規(guī)定的指令使用硬件扔枫。

CS: APP（Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective）

• 第3版，Randal E. Bryant, David R. O'Hallaron锹安，可以讀一下短荐。

了解一下內存模型

• Computerhope 是個不錯的網站；
• TOP 500 @ wikipedia叹哭；
• TOP 500 org忍宋；
  
  Share of processor architecture families in TOP500 supercomputers by time trend