1語法易錯點
1. a, an的選擇: 元音音素開頭的單詞用an,輔音音素開頭的單詞用a.?
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數用is , 復數用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數用has , 復數用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數用there is , 復數用there are.
5. some, any 表示“一些”時的選擇:肯定句常用some, 疑問句和否定句常用any.
6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時候)which(哪一個)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
2形容詞比較級
當我們需要對事物作出比較時,需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結構通常是:
什么 + be動詞 (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:
① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e結尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
注意
比較的兩者應該是互相對應的可比較的東西阎姥。
典型錯誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長.)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個人),那么比較的對象就沒有可比性。
應該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
3動詞過去式
動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則有:
A.規(guī)則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied鸽捻， carry – carried， worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B.不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
4動詞現在分詞詳解
① 一般的直接在后面加上-ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加-ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
5人稱代詞主格及賓格
人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區(qū)別：主格和賓格漢語意思相同御蒲，但位置不同衣赶。
Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"
主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動詞后或介詞后厚满，也就是說賓格府瞄，不放在句首。
Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)
Excuse me.(me 賓格)
I ask him to go. (him 賓格)
They sit in front of me. (me 賓格)
主格(8個)：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她碘箍、它)們
賓格(8個)：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她遵馆、它)們
6句型專項歸類
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2.否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,
如:I'm not a student.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
注意
否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 "not"。
有be動詞的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫丰榴。
沒有be動詞的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't )货邓。
這三個助動詞要根據人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論人稱為單數或復數,都用"did" 。
3.一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答四濒。
如:Are you a student 换况？Yes, I am? No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor？ Yes, she is.? No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital 盗蟆？Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
注意
一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上,
①把be動詞調到首位,其他照寫,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.
②沒有be動詞的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.
這三個助動詞也要根據人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論人稱是單數或復數,都用"did" 戈二。一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的。
4.特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導的句子.此類句子應該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答喳资。
如: What is this觉吭？
Where are you going？
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon仆邓？
When do you usually get up亏栈？
Why do you like spring best ？
How are you宏赘？
注意
其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,
如: how many(多少(數量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have 绒北？
How many girls can you see ？
how many 用來提問可數名詞的數量,主要有以下三種搭配,
How many + 名詞復數 + do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名詞復數 + can you see 你能看見多少……
How many + 名詞復數 + are there… 有多少……
7完全察署，縮略形式
1.縮略形式的變法：把倒數第二個字母闷游，通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外，are要把a變成' 贴汪。Eg:he is=he's? they are=they're
2.縮略形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同脐往。
3.把完全形式變成縮略形式時，一定要注意第一個字母的大小變化扳埂。Eg:What is =What's
4.記住一個特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i)
5.記滓挡尽：this is 沒有縮略形式this's(錯誤)
6.常見的縮略形式：
I'm=I am? ? he's=he is? ? she's=she is
they're=they are? ? ? ? ? ? ? you're=you are
there's=there is? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? they're=they are?
can't=can not? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? don't=do not?
doesn't=does not? ? ? ? ? isn't=is not
aren't=are not? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? let's=let us
won't=will not? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I'll=I will?
wasn't=was not
