Balance sheet（statement of financial position）
A. balance sheet equation
Assets=Liabilities+Owners' equity
which can be understood as:
Resources=Claims against those resources
1.Assets ?資產(chǎn)：
cash現(xiàn)金????accounts receivable應(yīng)收帳款 ? ?notes receivable應(yīng)收票據(jù)
inventories存貨 ? ?plant&equipment固定資產(chǎn) ? ?land土地
Remarks：
accounts receivable是賒銷形成的，無憑證羞反；notes receivable有匯票憑證
plant&equipment有時也記作PP&E（plant property & equipment）指長期有形的布朦，注意與短期的office supply區(qū)別。一般在實(shí)踐中按金額大小來區(qū)別兩者昼窗。
2.Liabilities 負(fù)債：
accounts payable應(yīng)付賬款 ? ?notes payable應(yīng)付票據(jù)
taxes payable ? ?wages payable
Remarks：
負(fù)債不一定以現(xiàn)金流出是趴，如：unearned revenue預(yù)收賬款
accounts payable一定與采購相關(guān)
3.Equity 所有者權(quán)益：
owners' investment所有者投資 ? ?owners' withdrawal所有者撤資
revenues ? ?expenses
Remarks：
expenses中包含：cost of goods sold銷貨成本????selling, general and administrative銷售與管理費(fèi)用【SG&A in short】 ? ?research & development研發(fā)費(fèi)用 ? ?interest expense利息費(fèi)用 ? ?miscellaneous expense雜項(xiàng)費(fèi)用 ? ?income tax expense企業(yè)所得稅費(fèi)用
行業(yè)分為三類：manufacturing制造業(yè) ? ?commercial商業(yè) ? ?service服務(wù)業(yè)【利潤最高】
accountants often use the term capital instead of owners’ equity to designate an owner’s investment in the business
B. balance sheet transaction
When accountants record a transaction, they make at least two entries so the total assets always equal the total liabilities plus owners’ equity. That is, they must maintain the equality of the balance sheet equation for every transaction.
Remarks：
long-lived asset：>= 1 year
1.Transaction Analysis
Accountants record transactions in an organization’s accounts. An?account?is a summary record of the changes in a particular asset, liability, or owners’ equity, and the account balance is the total of all entries to the account to date.?
For each transaction, the accountant determines (1) which specific accounts the transaction affects, (2) whether it increases or decreases each account balance, and (3) the amount of the change in each account balance.?
tool: balance sheet equation
HM：
1.on open account指的就是賒銷。
2.return for full credit指退貨時沒有要現(xiàn)金膏秫，直接抵消了賒銷時的負(fù)債右遭。
3.checking account指現(xiàn)金做盅。
4.franchise特許經(jīng)營權(quán)缤削，屬于無形資產(chǎn)的一種窘哈。
