譯者按:《經(jīng)濟學人》雜志向來以其獨特的視角姜骡,透徹的分析和地道的英語而聞名导坟。每年托福和雅思考試中的很多閱讀文章都出自這本雜志。最近一篇上了財經(jīng)頭條的文章《我們正在進入“談資”比“名牌包”更貴的時代圈澈!》中指出惫周,閱讀《經(jīng)濟學人》是當今國外新興的精英階層“非炫耀性文化消費”的一個標志。跟著《經(jīng)濟學人》學習樸素準確且高逼格的英語康栈,將事半功倍递递。
本期《跟著<經(jīng)濟學人>學英語》選取本周《經(jīng)濟學人》(2017年9月2日)的社論文章,中英雙語對照并講解生詞啥么。因為社論篇幅較長登舞,將分為四篇文章以便閱讀。本篇是本周系列的第三篇悬荣。譯者水平不到之處菠秒,歡迎大家批評指點。
本周系列各篇的鏈接如下:
(1)www.reibang.com/p/fb5ee60ea5a3
(2)www.reibang.com/p/1b2485318353
(3)www.reibang.com/p/e6f58a4503c9
(4)www.reibang.com/p/c73ea2761e39
(接上篇氯迂。上篇的鏈接:www.reibang.com/p/1b2485318353)
Poor planning bears even more blame. Houston, which has almost no restrictions on land-use, is an extreme example of what can go wrong. Although a light touch has enabled developers to cater to the city’s rapid growth—1.8m extra inhabitants since 2000—it has also led to concrete being laid over vast areas of coastal prairie that used to absorb the rain. According to the Texas Tribune and ProPublica, a charity that finances investigative journalism,since 2010 Harris County has allowed more than 8,600 buildings to be put up inside 100-year floodplains, where floods have a 1% chance of occurring in any year. Developers are supposed to build ponds to hold run-off water that would have soaked into undeveloped land, but the rules are poorly enforced. Because the maps are not kept up to date, properties supposedly outside the 100-year floodplain are being flooded repeatedly.
糟糕的規(guī)劃應(yīng)該對災(zāi)難負更大的責任践叠。休斯頓作為一個對土地使用幾乎完全沒有限制的城市,就是一個極端的例子嚼蚀,足以證明糟糕的規(guī)劃可以引發(fā)多少問題禁灼。相對寬松的政策使開發(fā)商得以滿足休斯頓城市的快速增長的需求——自2000年以來休斯頓居住人口新增長了180萬——但同時也造成了混凝土被扔在過去可以吸收雨水的海邊的大片草地上。據(jù)德克薩斯論壇報和支持公眾轿曙,一個為新聞深度報道提供金融支持的非盈利組織的調(diào)查匾二,自2010年以來哈里斯縣批準了在百年灘地范圍內(nèi)建造8600座建筑哮独,這些地方每年都有1%的可能性遭遇洪水。開發(fā)商本應(yīng)該建造池塘以便在未開發(fā)的土地上積蓄溢出的水流察藐,然而這條規(guī)定并未被嚴格執(zhí)行皮璧。同時因為地圖沒有及時更新,那些理論上是建造在百年灘地之外的建筑也一再遭遇洪水分飞。
單詞:
prairie: 名詞悴务,草原。
floodplain: 名詞譬猫,泛濫平原讯檐,灘地,淤灘染服。這是一個組合詞别洪,flood洪水 + plain平原。
詞組:
bear more blame: 負更大的責任柳刮。
light touch: 低干涉挖垛,柔性監(jiān)管。
cater to: 迎合秉颗,服務(wù)于痢毒,后面跟名詞或動名詞。這里簡單說一下cater to和cater for的區(qū)別蚕甥,這兩個詞組很多時候可以混用哪替,不過一般來說,cater for更多指提供食物飲料等服務(wù)菇怀,而cater to更多指迎合某種需求凭舶。
Government failure adds to the harm. Developing countries are underinsured against natural disasters. Swiss Re, a reinsurer, says that of the $50bn or so of losses to floods, cyclones and other disasters in Asia in 2014, only 8% were covered. The Bank of International Settlements calculates that the worst natural catastrophes typically permanently lower the afflicted country’s GDP by almost 2%. America has the opposite problem—the federal government subsidises the insurance premiums of vulnerable houses. The National Flood Insurance Programme (NFIP) has been forced to borrow because it fails to charge enough to cover its risk of losses. Underpricing encourages the building of new houses and discourages existing owners from renovating or moving out. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, houses that repeatedly flood account for 1% of NFIP’s properties but 25-30% of its claims. Five states, Texas among them, have more than 10,000 such households and, nationwide, their number has been going up by around 5,000 each year. Insurance is meant to provide a signal about risk; in this case, it stifles it.
政府的失職使問題更是雪上加霜。發(fā)展中國家對自然災(zāi)害的保險額普遍不足爱沟。瑞士再保險公司宣稱亞洲地區(qū)2014年因洪水帅霜、旋風等災(zāi)難造成的500億美元的損失里只有8%能得到保險賠付。國際清算銀行預(yù)計最嚴重的自然災(zāi)難一般情況下將導致受災(zāi)國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值永久性下降2%钥顽。而美國的問題則恰恰相反——聯(lián)邦政府對危房的保險費給予補貼义屏。因為沒有收取足夠的保險費來彌補風險損失靠汁,美國國家洪水保險計劃不得不向外借款蜂大。保險費過低鼓勵了新房建設(shè)且抑制了現(xiàn)有房屋的主人改建或者搬離。據(jù)聯(lián)邦緊急事務(wù)管理署統(tǒng)計蝶怔,那些一再遭遇洪水的房屋的數(shù)量僅占據(jù)美國國家洪水保險計劃承保的房屋中的1%奶浦,而保險賠付額則高達賠付總金額的25%到30%。包括德克薩斯在內(nèi)的五個州一共有超過10000間這樣的住房踢星,且全美范圍內(nèi)此類住房的數(shù)量正在以每年5000的速度增長澳叉。保險本應(yīng)該為風險提供一個風向標;然而在這個問題上,保險阻止了風向標的運行成洗。
單詞:
afflict: 動詞五督,使痛苦,折磨瓶殃。
stifle: 動詞充包,阻止,使窒息遥椿。
(待續(xù)基矮。)
譯者注:本文譯自《經(jīng)濟學人》雜志2017年9月2日的社論」诔。《經(jīng)濟學人》雜志上的所有文章均不署名家浇。
原文鏈接:
https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21727898-if-global-warming-were-not-enough-threat-poor-planning-and-unwise-subsidies-make-floods
“本譯文僅供個人研習、欣賞語言之用碴裙,謝絕任何轉(zhuǎn)載及用于任何商業(yè)用途钢悲。本譯文所涉法律后果均由本人承擔。本人同意簡書平臺在接獲有關(guān)著作權(quán)人的通知后青团,刪除文章譬巫。”
本周系列各篇的鏈接如下:
(1)www.reibang.com/p/fb5ee60ea5a3
(2)www.reibang.com/p/1b2485318353