The Murder of Caesar
Should a good leader be loved or feared? This question?is?as?relevant to?leaders today as it was to Julius Caesar when he?took control of?Rome in 44 BC. How Caesar treated his enemies is a valuable lesson on forgiveness,?arrogance, and absolute power.
PS:?一個(gè)好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)該被愛還是被怕已艰？這個(gè)問題對(duì)于今天的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人來說杉编，就像公元前44年凱撒大帝控制羅馬時(shí)一樣重要。凱撒是如何對(duì)待敵人的恢氯，這是一個(gè)關(guān)于寬恕涎嚼、傲慢和絕對(duì)權(quán)力的寶貴教訓(xùn)阱州。
forgiveness原諒;?寬恕;?寬宏大量
arrogance傲慢;?自大?英 [??r?ɡ?ns] 美 [??r?ɡ?ns]
absolute power絕對(duì)權(quán)力
After Caesar?seized power, he had to decide how to handle those who?opposed?him. Roman politics had always been?bloody. The?previous?dictator?had murdered 5 ,000 of his?rivals?and?confiscated?their?property?after?coming to power. Caesar's enemies expected a similar punishment.
PS:?凱撒掌權(quán)后，他必須決定如何處理那些反對(duì)他的人铸抑。羅馬政治一直是血腥的贡耽。前任獨(dú)裁者在上臺(tái)后謀殺了5000名對(duì)手并沒收了他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)。凱撒的敵人期望得到類似的懲罰鹊汛。
seized抓住;?捉住;?奪;?奪取，攻占阱冶，控制;?逮捕;?捉拿;?俘獲;?seize的過去分詞和過去式
seize power?奪取政權(quán)
opposed強(qiáng)烈反對(duì);?截然不同;?反對(duì);?抵制;?阻撓;?與…對(duì)壘刁憋，與…角逐;?oppose的過去分詞和過去式
bloody用以加強(qiáng)語氣;?很多人認(rèn)為含冒犯意;?嗜殺的;?血腥的;?殘暴的;?血淋淋的;?流血的;?血染;?使為血所污
dictator獨(dú)裁者;?發(fā)號(hào)施令者;?專橫的人?英 [d?k?te?t?(r)] 美 [?d?kte?t?r]
murdered謀殺;?兇殺;?糟蹋;?毀壞;?弄壞;?徹底打敗，打垮;?murder的過去分詞和過去式
rivals競爭對(duì)手;?與…相匹敵;?比得上;?rival的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)?英 [?ra?vlz] 美 [?ra?vlz]
come to power?執(zhí)政木蹬，當(dāng)權(quán)
confiscated沒收至耻，把…充公;?confiscate的過去分詞和過去式?英 [?k?nf?ske?t?d] 美 [?kɑ?nf?ske?t?d]
enemies敵人;?仇人;?反對(duì)者;?敵國;?敵軍;?敵兵;?危害物;?大敵;?enemy的復(fù)數(shù)
But Caesar was determined not to rule through fear. If he were to?reform?the government, he would need the support of the people. So he made?a fateful decision: rather than punish or kill his enemies, he offered them?mercy?and?incentives. He didn't seize their property, and he even?rewarded?some of them with high-ranking government positions.
PS:?但凱撒決心不因恐懼而統(tǒng)治。如果他要改革政府，他需要人民的支持尘颓。所以他做出了一個(gè)決定：他沒有懲罰或殺死他的敵人走触，而是給予他們?nèi)蚀群图?lì)。他沒有沒收他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)疤苹，甚至還獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們中的一些人擔(dān)任高級(jí)政府職務(wù)互广。
fateful對(duì)未來有重大影響的
punish處罰;?懲罰;?對(duì)…判罪;?判定…的處罰方式;?責(zé)怪;?自責(zé)
mercy仁慈;?寬恕;?幸運(yùn);?恩惠
seize抓住;?捉住;?奪;?奪取，攻占卧土，控制;?逮捕;?捉拿;?俘獲
rewarded獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);?獎(jiǎng)賞;?給以報(bào)酬;?reward的過去分詞和過去式
high-ranking職位高的;?顯要的
reform改革惫皱，革新，重組
incentive . n.鼓勵(lì)尤莺，刺激?英 [?n?sent?v] 美 [?n?sent?v]
However, not all of his enemies wanted to be forgiven. Caesar's rivals came from the?aristocracy. Many had held power in the senate for centuries. By expanding and reforming the senate, Caesar had shifted power away from the aristocracy and taken it for himself. The high-ranking positions he had given as rewards had no real authority. For the aristocracy, to live without power was not forgiveness, but?humiliation.
PS:?然而旅敷，并不是所有的敵人都想被原諒。凱撒的對(duì)手來自貴族颤霎。許多人在參議院掌權(quán)已有幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了媳谁。通過擴(kuò)大和改革參議院，凱撒已經(jīng)把權(quán)力從貴族手中轉(zhuǎn)移出來友酱，并將其據(jù)為己有晴音。他作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而給予的高級(jí)職位沒有真正的權(quán)威。對(duì)貴族來說粹污，沒有權(quán)力的生活不是寬恕段多，而是羞辱。
aristocracy貴族?英 [??r??st?kr?si] 美 [??r??stɑ?kr?si]
reforming改革;?改進(jìn);?改良;?改正壮吩，改造;?悔改;?reform的現(xiàn)在分詞
high-ranking職位高的;?顯要的
live without在沒有…的情況下生活进苍；少…也可以生活
forgiveness原諒;?寬恕;?寬宏大量
humiliation英 [hju??m?li?e??n]? 美 [hju??m?li?e??n] n.恥辱;屈辱;丟臉;蒙羞;丟臉的事;尷尬的場合
Caesar should have known that many senators hated him, but his arrogance seems to have blinded him. After he made himself dictator for life, he?proclaimed?himself a god and?consolidated?more power. These actions?infuriated?his enemies and even his?allies. However, he still considered many senators to be his loyal friends. He even?dismissed?his personal security force.Ironically, when he was assassinated, it was his good friend, Brutus, who led the?plot.
PS:?凱撒應(yīng)該知道許多參議員恨他，但他的傲慢似乎使他失明鸭叙。當(dāng)他成為終身獨(dú)裁者后觉啊，他宣稱自己是上帝，鞏固了更多的權(quán)力沈贝。這些行為激怒了他的敵人甚至他的盟友杠人。然而，他仍然認(rèn)為許多參議員是他的忠實(shí)朋友宋下。他甚至解散了他的私人保安部隊(duì)嗡善。諷刺的是，當(dāng)他被暗殺時(shí)学歧，是他的好朋友布魯特斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了這場陰謀罩引。
arrogance傲慢;?自大
blinded使變瞎;?使失明;?使眼花;?使目眩;?使思維混沌;?使失去判斷力;?blind的過去分詞和過去式
dictator獨(dú)裁者;?發(fā)號(hào)施令者;?專橫的人
for life拼命地;?盡最大努力地;?終生
infuriated使極為生氣;?使大怒;?激怒;?infuriate的過去分詞和過去式英 [?n?fj??rie?t?d] 美 [?n?fj?rie?t?d]
personal security個(gè)人擔(dān)保；人身安全
assassinated暗殺枝笨，行刺;?assassinate的過去分詞和過去式
proclaim英 [pr??kle?m]? 美 [pr??kle?m] v.宣布;宣告;聲明;明確顯示;成為標(biāo)志;表明
consolidate英 [k?n?s?l?de?t]? 美 [k?n?sɑ?l?de?t] v.使加強(qiáng);使鞏固;(使)結(jié)成一體袁铐，合并
allies?英 [??la?z]? 美 [??la?z] n.(尤指戰(zhàn)時(shí)的)同盟國;(尤指從政者的)盟友揭蜒，支持者;(第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中的)協(xié)約國;(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中的)同盟國v.與…結(jié)盟 ally的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
dismiss解雇，開除
ironically英 [a??r?n?kli]? 美 [a??rɑ?n?kli] adv.具有諷刺意味的是;令人哭笑不得的是;諷刺挖苦地;說反話地
plot英 [pl?t]? 美 [plɑ?t] n.故事情節(jié);布局;陰謀;密謀;(專用的)小塊土地v.密謀;暗中策劃;(在地圖上)畫出剔桨，標(biāo)出;繪制(圖表)
Perhaps it is better for a leader to be feared. If Caesar hadn't let his rivals live, he might not have been murdered. But was forgiveness the problem? Caesar's reforms took power from the aristocracy, and his arrogance angered both friends and enemies. Perhaps if he hadn't been so arrogant, or acted like a god, he would have survived.
PS:?或許一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者更值得畏懼屉更。如果凱撒不讓他的對(duì)手活著，他就不會(huì)被謀殺洒缀。但是寬恕是問題嗎瑰谜？凱撒的改革從貴族手中奪走了權(quán)力，他的傲慢激怒了朋友和敵人帝洪。如果他不是那么傲慢似舵，或者表現(xiàn)得像個(gè)神，他可能會(huì)活下來葱峡。
feared害怕;?畏懼;?懼怕;?擔(dān)心;?擔(dān)憂;?恐怕;?fear的過去分詞和過去式
Caesar凱撒;?computerized automation by electronic system with automated reservations 通過電子系統(tǒng)和自動(dòng)預(yù)定實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)算機(jī)化自動(dòng)操作
rivals競爭對(duì)手;?與…相匹敵;?比得上;?rival的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
murdered謀殺;?兇殺;?糟蹋;?毀壞;?弄壞;?徹底打敗砚哗，打垮;?murder的過去分詞和過去式
forgiveness原諒;?寬恕;?寬宏大量
arrogance傲慢;?自大? ?英 [??r?ɡ?ns] 美 [??r?ɡ?ns]
angered使發(fā)怒;?激怒;?anger的過去分詞和過去式
arrogant傲慢的;?自大的
Exercises:
1.How did Ceasar treat his enemies after he seized power?
?He offered them mercy and incentives.
2. What does the author believe about Ceasar's forgiveness?
It wasn't the only factor that contributed to his death.
3. What does the author believe about Ceasar's arrogance?
It blinded him to the dangers around him and led to his death
4. What is the story saying?about leadership?
Arrogance can be a dangerous quality in a leader.
5. How did the aristocracy feel about Caesar's reforms?
They felt angry and?humiliated.
5. To humiliate somenone means?to make them feel foolish and ashamed.
6. To reform something means?to make changes to it to improve it.
7.?To infuriate someone means?to make them feel extremely angry.
8. To confiscate something means?to take possession of it.
Please tap the first correct sentence to appear:
1. How did Ceasar?consolidate his power?
By expanding and reforming the senate, Caesar had shifted power away from the aristocracy and taken it for himself.
2. Why couldn't Ceasar see the danger facing him?
?Caesar?should?have?known?that many senators hated him, but his arrogance?seems?to have?blinded?him.
3.?How had the previous dictator handled those who oppose?him?
PS:?oppose英 [??p??z]? 美 [??po?z] v.反對(duì)(計(jì)劃、政策等);抵制;阻撓;(在競賽中)與…對(duì)壘砰奕，與…角逐
?The previous dictator had murdered 5 ,000 of his rivals and confiscated their property after coming to power.
4. How did Ceasar handle his opposition?
?So he made a fateful decision: rather than punish or kill his enemies, he offered them mercy and incentives.
Fill in the blanks:
1.?By expanding and?reforming?the senate, Caesar had?shifted?power?away?from the aristocracy and?taken?it for himself.
2.?After Caesar?seized?power, he had to decide how to?handle?those who?opposed?him. Roman politics had always been?bloody. The?previous?dictator?had murdered5 ,000 of his?rivals?and?confiscated?their?property?after?coming to power. Caesar's enemies?expected?a similar?punishment.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1.Perhaps if he hadn't been so arrogant, or acted like a god, he would have survived.
2.?The high-ranking positions he had given as rewards had no real authority.?
3.He even?dismissed?his personal security force.
4.?If he were to?reform?the government, he would need the support of the people.
5.?If Caesar hadn't let his rivals live, he might not have been murdered.
6.?However, he still?considered?many senators to be his loyal friends.
7.?The?previous?dictator?had murdered 5 ,000 of his?rivals?and?confiscated?their?property?after?coming to power.
8.?This question?is?as?relevant to?leaders today as it was to Julius Caesar when he?took control of?Rome in 44 BC.
