分詞? 現(xiàn)在分詞
Ving, 和被修飾詞是主動關(guān)系抄瓦，動作正在進行中(主動和進行)
過去分詞
Ved, 含義為被動和完成
An elegantly-furnished room
departed lovers? canned food
分詞作定語
單個分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞之前，分詞短語作定語一般放在被修飾詞后
The plane (sent to search for the missing plane) also disappeared. 動詞不定式不能作謂語
非謂語動詞
Ving interesting 主動
Ved interested 被動
中文的主動和被動 “被”——明清小說——“遭受”
現(xiàn)代漢語
1.琴彈得真好(主動形式嫌佑，被動意思)
概念模糊
中文允許多謂語存在洛二，沒有非謂語動詞
因此看到主語后緊跟著的動詞就會更容易認為是謂語(中式思維的影響)
中英思維轉(zhuǎn)換
n/代+Ved: I loved.
1.可以理解為謂語動詞的過去時態(tài)
2.還可能是非謂語動詞，表示“被愛”
love? ? loved? ? be loved
He loved in the past 20 years never feel the love anymore since his parents left him.
Hunting consists of pursuing of a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses.
分詞作狀語(可以和從句轉(zhuǎn)換)
Locked up, he had no way to escape.
Because he was locked up, he had no way to escape.
Every day I remain myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labours of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measures as I have received and am still receiving.(Albert Einstein)
瞬間動詞+-ing表將來
世界杯口號
美國:(If we are)United, we play; (if we are)united, we win. 合眾一心妹沙，其利斷金
瑞士: 2006偶洋，it's Swiss's o'clock.
德國: We are football. 我們代表足球
中國: Without us, the world cup shines better.
分詞難點:獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
主格:作主語，he距糖，she, they
賓格: him, her, them
六看三讓二聽一感覺的動詞在接不定式作賓補玄窝，省略to
We hear her (to)sing in the washroom.
She was hear to sing in the washroom.
分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語與句子的主語應(yīng)該一致肾筐，若不一致哆料，則需加上分詞的邏輯主語
Standing at the station, a brick hit on his head.?
1.He standing at the station, a brick hit on his head.?
2.Standing at the station and/but a brick hit on his head.?
3.He was standing at the station, a brick hitting on this head.?
4.Standing at the station, he was hit by a brick.?
用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)修改句子
Being cold(指天氣), he put on his overcoat.?
It being cold, he put on his overcoat.
Being ill, Mr.Li taught the lesson in place of Mr.Wang.(主語不一致)
Mr.Wang being ill, Mr.Li taught the lesson in place of Mr.Wang.
Her tears rolling down her cheek, she looked at her father.
獨立主格中的邏輯主語前有時可以加with或without, 做伴隨狀語或定語
She started on the journey without anyone accompanying her.
He left home, without a single word said.
President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account mode, with (信號 引出原因或結(jié)果)retirees trading much or all of their gauranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.
with retirees trading = and retirees were trading
不定式 除謂(主，賓吗铐，表，定杏节，補唬渗，狀)
動名詞
形式:Ving
本質(zhì): 有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語形式
功能:在句中可做主典阵，賓，表镊逝，定
作主語時與不定式的區(qū)別:
表客觀性壮啊，一般性的行為多用動名詞
表具體性，一次性的行為多用不定式
Smoking is a difficult habit to break.
It isn't good for you to smoke so much today.
作表語與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別
動名詞:主語和表語可互換位置
My job is teaching.(強調(diào)名詞概念)
現(xiàn)在分詞:主語和表語不可互換位置
My job is interesting.
(語法核心為現(xiàn)在分詞撑蒜，
描述n狀態(tài)歹啼，呈現(xiàn)v概念)
Ving 現(xiàn)在分詞
is Ving 現(xiàn)在進行時
動名詞后置作主語的固定句型
It is no good/no use doing sth
It is no use crying over split milk.
作賓時與不定式的區(qū)別
在一些動詞后面接to do和Ving形式意義不同
forget/remember+-ing形式=忘記或記起先前的行為
+ to do= 忘記或記起將要發(fā)生的行為
I'll never forget meeting him.
Don't forget to lock the door.
regret doing 對過去的sth感到遺憾
regret to do =宣布壞消息
We regret to inform you of delays in today's sevice.
To love deeply in one direction makes us more loving in all others
雙賓—— make more loving of us
復(fù)合——+is
4.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別
a sleeping child
a sleeping pill
檢測原則: 動名詞作定可替換為be used for
現(xiàn)在分詞可換為定從
