一. 感想
第一章伊始摹菠,作者 Zinsser (vocation) 從他和 Dr. Brock (avocation) 同時出席的一場寫作座談會切入主題矮燎。兩位作家面對同樣的問題,幾乎全部給出了截然相反的答案令宿,例如:
Q1:當作家是啥感覺拙寡?
Dr. Brock:特別有意思(tremendous fun)鼻疮!
Zinsser:既不容易,也不有趣借嗽,是艱難且孤獨的态鳖。
Q2:修改是否有必要?
Dr. Brock:完全不需要恶导!
Zinsser:修改是一個必不可少的步驟浆竭,而且往往需要不止一次地反復修改。
Q3:如果沒有寫作的靈感惨寿,怎么辦邦泄?
Dr. Brock:那就停下來,干點別的裂垦。等有靈感了顺囊,再動筆就好。
Zinsser:對我來說缸废,寫作是職業(yè)而不是藝術(shù)包蓝∈簧纾“沒有靈感”只是偷懶的借口,用來自欺欺人罷了测萎。
Q4:如果你感覺很沮喪或是不開心呢亡电?(學生提問)
Dr. Brock:我會去釣釣魚,散散步硅瞧。
Zinsser:大概不會的份乒。因為如果寫作就是你的工作,你就得每天去寫腕唧,無論心情好不好或辖,狀態(tài)在不在。這就像其他職業(yè)的人每個工作日都去上班一樣枣接。
不勝列舉……
如此鮮明的對比颂暇,讓我們在笑聲中意識到,把寫作當興趣和當職業(yè)完全是兩碼事但惶。其實任何感興趣的事兒耳鸯,一旦變成飯碗,心態(tài)往往會發(fā)生明顯的變化膀曾。大概樂趣和享受的成分也會有所減少县爬,取而代之的是——使命和責任。雖然把興趣發(fā)展為職業(yè)有毀掉這一愛好的風險添谊,但我寧愿選擇自己喜歡的事情作為職業(yè)财喳,至少,工作起來會更有激情斩狱。
關(guān)于寫作耳高,我從今年開始,無論是在工作中還是在業(yè)余時間喊废,寫作量都陡增祝高。年中的時候就已經(jīng)突破了十萬字大關(guān),這對我來說是史無前例的污筷」す耄可是有時候,就會出現(xiàn)不想寫瓣蛀、沒得寫陆蟆,或是寫出來的東西自己不滿意等種種狀況。每每這時惋增,我都會以“沒有靈感”來解釋叠殷。我一直覺得這個理由特別理直氣壯。因為有感覺的時候诈皿,思如泉涌林束,一篇長長的文章不大一會兒就出爐了像棘。反之,即使坐在電腦前面憋寶半天壶冒,一看字數(shù)缕题,不到200;一讀內(nèi)容胖腾,很想通篇刪掉……
可是Zinsser這樣一說烟零,我無比是汗顏。仔細想想自己為什么常常沒有寫作的欲望或思路呢咸作?要么是心不靜锨阿,人浮躁;要么是思路不清记罚,表述混亂墅诡。而這些現(xiàn)象的背后,統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是自身知識儲備不足毫胜、輸入質(zhì)量欠佳等等這類客觀問題所致书斜,這與主觀的靈感有無诬辈,其實真沒有太大的關(guān)系酵使。下次,我爭取不給自己找借口了焙糟。
寫文章口渔,言簡意賅很重要。我們大可毫不吝惜地刪掉不必要的詞匯穿撮,循環(huán)缺脉、重復的結(jié)構(gòu)、華而不實的修飾以及沒有意義的術(shù)語悦穿。Zinsser提到攻礼,寫出優(yōu)秀作品的秘密在于,每一句話都是最簡潔的栗柒。
所以礁扮,一篇優(yōu)秀的作品絕不是第一遍寫完就大功告成,反復修改就變得格外重要瞬沦。寫作者在這個過程中需要不斷地問自己:我已經(jīng)把我想表達的內(nèi)容清晰闡述了嗎太伊?能否讓讀者在第一遍閱讀的時候就能夠理解它們呢?而這一切的前提是逛钻,寫作者自己的思維是清晰的僚焦。正如Zinsser所說,"Clear thinking becomes clear writing; one can't exist without the other."
此外曙痘,我很喜歡第二章結(jié)尾的這段話:
Writing is hard work. A clear sentence is no accident. Very few sentences come out right the first time, or even the third time. Remember this in moments of despair. If you find that writing is hard, it’s because it is hard.
是呀芳悲,寫作本來就并非易事立肘。所有呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前的精彩語句,其實都是作者再三修改名扛、斟酌而成的赛不。職業(yè)作家尚且如此,我們(作為學習寫作的人罢洲,可能連寫作愛好者都還算不上)就更不要抱有僥幸心理踢故,想著自己輕輕松松便可以寫出叫人拍案稱贊的文章了。
這讓我聯(lián)想到村上春樹的《我的職業(yè)是小說家》惹苗〉罱希看村上先生講述了他寫小說的過程,我很震撼桩蓉。我驚嘆于原來他的作品在完成前淋纲,居然要修改這么多遍!而且最后一遍修改前院究,甚至還要放上不短的一段時間洽瞬。經(jīng)過自我釋放,他能夠更加客觀地重新審視自己的作品业汰,甚至還會有新鮮的想法和思路伙窃,如此再去修改和進一步完善。
從大刀闊斧地砍样漆,到精雕細琢地修为障,這樣反復推敲過后,才能誕生出言簡意賅放祟、精彩絕倫的作品鳍怨。
二. 字詞
1.?cadence
(1) 原文:I had long considered him my model as a writer. His was the seemingly effortless style—achieved, I knew, with great effort—that I wanted to emulate, and whenever I began a new project I would first read some White to get his?cadences?into my ear.
(2) 字典解釋:the way someone's voice rises and falls, especially when reading out loud
(3) 造句:During the speech, the?cadences?are conducive to expressing feelings.
2. upkeep
(1) 原文:E-mail is an impromptu medium, not conducive to slowing down or looking back. It’s ideal for the never-ending?upkeep?of daily life.
(2) 字典解釋:the process of keeping something in good condition
(3) 造句:Soliloquizing is ideal for the?upkeep?of oral English.
3. bewildered
(1) 原文:As for the students, anyone might think we left them?bewildered.
(2) 字典解釋:totally confused
(3) 造句:During this class, there is a?bewildered?expression on Lily's face.
4. clutter
(1) 原文:Clutter?is the disease of American writing. We are a society strangling in unnecessary words, circular constructions, pompous frills and meaningless jargon.
(2) 字典解釋:
n.?a large number of things that are scattered somewhere in an untidy way
vt. to fill your mind with a lot of different things
(3) 造句:When we express our point of view, we should try to avoid?clutter.
5. verbiage
(1) 原文:Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking through the?verbiage, simply doesn’t know what it means.
(2) 字典解釋:speech or writing that has many unnecessary words in it
(3) 造句:Rewriting is necessary, so that we can re-examine the article and slough off unimportant?verbiage.
6.?shoddily
(1) 原文:Perhaps a sentence has been so?shoddily?constructed that the reader could read it in several ways.
(2) 字典解釋:made or done cheaply or carelessly
(3) 造句:These furniture is pretty?shoddily?made.