介詞
一.概念:
介詞表示它后面的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他結(jié)構(gòu)與句中其他成分的關(guān)系.
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
1.表示地點位置的介詞
1)at?,in,?on,?to
at??(1)表示在小地方;?(2)表示“在……附近忆首,旁邊”
in??(1)表示?在大地方;?(2)表示“在…范圍之內(nèi)”苫费。
on??表示毗鄰,接壤
to???表示在……范圍外类溢,不強調(diào)是否接壤
He?arrived?at?the?station?at?ten.
He?is?sitting?at?the?desk.
He?arrived?in?Shanghai?yesterday.
Jiangsu?lies?in?the?east?of?China.
Russia?lies?on?the?north?of?China.
Fujian?is?to?the?south?of?Jiangsu?Province.
2)above,?over,?on????在……上
above?指在……上方,不強調(diào)是否垂直,與?below相對露懒;
over指垂直的上方,與under相對,但over與物體有一定的空間闯冷,不直接接觸。
on表示某物體上面并與之接觸懈词。
The?bird?is?flying?above?my?head.
There?is?a?bridge?over?the?river.
He?put?his?watch?on?the?desk.
3)below,?under????在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下蛇耀,不一定在正下方
There?is?a?cat?under?the?table.
Please?write?your?name?below?the?line.
2.表示時間的介詞
1)in?,?on,at???在……時
in表示較長時間坎弯,如世紀(jì)纺涤、朝代译暂、時代、年洒琢、季節(jié)秧秉、月及一般(非特指)的早、中衰抑、晚等象迎。
如?in?the?20thcentury,?in?the?1950s,?in?1989,?in?summer,?in?January,?in?the?morning,?in?the?night,?in?one’s?life?,?in?one’s?thirties等。
on表示具體某一天及其早呛踊、中砾淌、晚。
如on?May?1st,?on?Monday,?on?New?Year’s?Day,?on?a?cold?night?in?January,?on?a?fine?morning,?on?Sunday?afternoon等谭网。
at表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間汪厨,或泛指圣誕節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)等愉择。
如at?3:20,?at?this?time?of?year,?at?the?beginning?of,?at?the?end?of?…,?at?the?age?of?…,?at?Christmas劫乱,?at?night,?at?noon,?at?this?moment等。
注意:在last,?next,?this,?that,?some,?every?等詞之前一律不用介詞锥涕。如:We?meet?every?day.
2)in,?after????在……之后
“in?+段時間”表示將來的一段時間以后衷戈;
“after+段時間”表示過去的一段時間以后;
“after+將來點時間”表示將來的某一時刻以后层坠。
My?mother?will?come?back?in?three?or?four?days.
He?arrived?after?five?months.
She?will?appear?after?five?o’clock?this?afternoon.
3)from,?since????自從……
from僅說明什么時候開始殖妇,不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久;
since表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻破花,通常與完成時連用谦趣。
He?studied?the?piano?from?the?age?of?three.
They?have?lived?here?since?1978.
4)after,?behind??????在……之后
after主要用于表示時間;
behind主要用于表示位置座每。
We?shall?leave?after?lunch.
Lucy?is?hiding?behind?an?old?house.
3.表運動方向的介詞:across,?through????通過前鹅,穿過
across表示橫過,即從物體表面通過,與on有關(guān)峭梳;
through穿過,即從物體內(nèi)部穿過嫡纠,與in有關(guān)。
She?swam?across?the?river.
He?walked?through?the?forest.
4.表示“在……之間”的介詞:between,?among
between指在兩個人或兩個事物之間延赌;
among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間除盏。
There?is?a?football?match?between?Class?One?and?Class?Two?on?the?playground.
The?teacher?is?standing?among?the?students.
5.表示其他意義的介詞
1)on?,about??????關(guān)于
on表示這本書,這篇文章或演說是嚴(yán)肅的者蠕,或?qū)W術(shù)性的,可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀踱侣;
about表示內(nèi)容較為普通粪小,不那么正式抡句。
There?will?be?a?lecture?on?economics?this?afternoon.
He?is?writing?a?book?on?cooking.
He?told?me?a?lot?about?his?life?in?the?summer?vocation.
2)by,?with,?in??????表示方法探膊、手段、工具
by?以……方法待榔、手段或泛指某種交通工具;
with?表示用?…工具锐锣、手段,一般接具體的工具和手段雕憔;
in?表示用…方式姿骏,用…語言(語調(diào)、筆墨斤彼、顏色)等分瘦;
He?makes?a?living?by?selling?newspapers.
He?broke?the?window?with?a?stone.
The?foreigner?spoke?to?us?in?English.
3)except,?besides?????除了
except?除……之外,不包括在內(nèi)擅腰;
besides?除……之外翁潘,包括在內(nèi)。
Except?Mr.?Wang,?we?went?to?see?the?film.(王先生沒去)
Besides?Mr.?Wang,?we?also?went?to?see?the?film.(王先生也去了)
三.鞏固練習(xí)
1.Taiwan?is?________?the?southeast?of?China.(in,?on,?to)
2.Go?_________?the?bridge?_________?the?river,?you’ll?find?the?shop.(across,?through;?over,?above)
3.I?go?to?school?__________7:30??every?morning.(in,?on,?at)
4.He?would?like?to?meet?her?__________8:00?and?9:00?tomorrow?morning.(between,?among?)
5.The?Greens?have?lived?in?China?________?three?years.(in,?for,?after)
6.We?go?to?school?every?day?________?Saturday?and?Sunday.(except,?besides)
7.He?wrote?the?letter?_________?ink.(by,?with?,in)
8.She?returned?to?her?country?_________five?years.(in,?after,?for)
9.There?is?a?big?tree?_________?our?classroom.(after,?behind)
10.I?usually?go?to?work?_________?bike.(by,?on,?with)
四.答案
1.in?2.across,?over?3.at,?4.between?5.for?6.except?7.in?8.after?9.behind?10.by