被動(dòng)語態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be + 過去分詞痹筛，口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示移斩。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)议忽。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（by短語有時(shí)可以省略）赴魁。
（1）使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題拐邪。
①主動(dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化丹弱±檬澹看下列例句谨胞。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）蒜鸡；（作補(bǔ)語的）不定式前需加to胯努。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)牢裳，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to叶沛、be to蒲讯、be sure to、used to灰署、have to判帮、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞溉箕。
⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say晦墙、believe、expect肴茄、think晌畅、know、write寡痰、consider抗楔、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)拦坠，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)连躏。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示贪婉。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
?
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
（2）不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況反粥。
①所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。
②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞疲迂，如：last才顿、hold、benefit尤蒿、contain郑气、equal、fit腰池、join尾组、mean、last示弓、look like讳侨、consist to等。
③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞奏属，如have跨跨、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望勇婴、意圖”的動(dòng)詞忱嘹，如：wish、want耕渴、hope拘悦、like、love橱脸、hate等础米。
⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)慰技。
⑥賓語是同源賓語椭盏，不定式组砚、動(dòng)名詞等謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)吻商。
⑦有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)糟红，常見的動(dòng)詞有sell艾帐、write、wash盆偿、open柒爸、lock等。
（3）主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義事扭。
①當(dāng)feel捎稚、look、smell求橄、taste今野、sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut罐农、read条霜、sell、wear涵亏、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí)宰睡；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束气筋、關(guān)拆内、停、轉(zhuǎn)宠默、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)麸恍。
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。
These novels won’t sell well.這些小說不暢銷光稼。
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢或南。
The door won’t lock.門鎖不上孩等。
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。
②當(dāng)break out采够、take place肄方、shut off、turn off蹬癌、work out等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生权她、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)逝薪。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義隅要。
④be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
⑤在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中董济，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語步清，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))虏肾，be to rent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)廓啊。
（4）被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。
①be seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上封豪。
②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door. (He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門后谴轮。
③be lost迷路
④be drunk喝醉
⑤be dressed穿著
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
（5）被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)吹埠。如：
The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被動(dòng)語態(tài))
The book is well sold. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request ??????????????????B.are requested ???????
C.are requesting ????????????????D.request
解析：答案為B缘琅。此題的時(shí)態(tài)是不難判斷的粘都，因?yàn)檎f的是一條規(guī)定，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)驯杜，而visitor與request之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系做个，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是誰要求他們這樣做呢鸽心？不清楚，也不必知道居暖，因此需要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)顽频。分析visitors與request之間的關(guān)系是此題的解題關(guān)鍵。
2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.
?A. is changing ???????????????????B.has changed ??????
C.will have changed ??????????????D.will change
解析：答案為A太闺。此題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的用法糯景。句意為“選擇一部移動(dòng)電話不是一件容易的事，因?yàn)榭萍及l(fā)展得十分迅速◇盎矗”本句的主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)的是目前的情況最住，而“科技發(fā)展迅速”也是現(xiàn)階段正存在的一種狀態(tài)，不是在過去怠惶，也不是在將來涨缚，因此只能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)。
3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed ??????????????????????B.complete
C.had been completed ??????????????D.have been completed
解析：答案為D〔咧危現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去年做的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響脓魏。從and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)就緒通惫，可以開始工作了茂翔。complete是及物動(dòng)詞，與句子的主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系履腋，所以需要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)珊燎。注意①分清complete與主語之間的關(guān)系；②結(jié)合語境選擇正確時(shí)態(tài)府树。
4. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ?????half of it.
A. was missing ?????B. had missed ???C. will miss ?????D. missed
解析：答案為D俐末。本句考時(shí)態(tài)和語境。全句意思是奄侠；我的心沒在他說的話上，所以恐怕他說的話我有一半沒聽到载矿。整個(gè)事情是過去的事垄潮，且是做過的事，所以選一般過去時(shí)D闷盔。
5. The discussion ?????????alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A. was coming ?????B. had come ?????C. has come ?????D. came
解析：答案為D弯洗。come alive“變得活躍”。照顧時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)態(tài)一致時(shí)逢勾。
6.—I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
—Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ??????????
A. was leaving ???B. had left ???????C. has left ??????D. left
解析：答案為D牡整。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)溺拱，由現(xiàn)完成時(shí)的用法逃贝，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去，故選D迫摔。
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