PySpark筆記(一)：Spark簡(jiǎn)介與安裝

Apache Spark 是專為大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)處理而設(shè)計(jì)的快速通用的計(jì)算引擎。Spark是UC Berkeley AMP lab (加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的AMP實(shí)驗(yàn)室)所開(kāi)源的類Hadoop MapReduce的通用并行框架兑凿，Spark擁有Hadoop MapReduce所具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)籍救；但不同MapReduce的是Job中間輸出結(jié)果可以保存在內(nèi)存中狼纬，從而不再需要讀寫(xiě)HDFS鞭铆，因此Spark能更好 適用于數(shù)據(jù)挖掘與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)等需要迭代的MapReduce的算法蛮位。

Spark提供了一個(gè)更快穷吮、更通用的數(shù)據(jù)處理平臺(tái)孝治。和Hadoop相比列粪，Spark可以讓你的程序在內(nèi)存中運(yùn)行時(shí)速度提升100倍，或者在磁盤(pán)上運(yùn)行時(shí)速度提升10倍谈飒。去年岂座，在100 TB Daytona GraySort比賽中，Spark戰(zhàn)勝了Hadoop杭措，它只使用了十分之一的機(jī)器费什，但運(yùn)行速度提升了3倍。Spark也已經(jīng)成為針對(duì) PB 級(jí)別數(shù)據(jù)排序的最快的開(kāi)源引擎手素。

Spark支持Scala鸳址、Java、Python泉懦、R等接口稿黍，本文均使用Python環(huán)境進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。

下載

下載地址：http://spark.apache.org/downloads.html

如下圖所示崩哩，選擇最新版本的Spark巡球，Pre-built版本下載之后可以直接運(yùn)行言沐，不需要我們?cè)俅尉幾g。在不使用集群環(huán)境時(shí)酣栈，我們可以不安裝Hadoop環(huán)境直接進(jìn)行運(yùn)行险胰。選擇完成后就可以點(diǎn)擊選項(xiàng)4中的鏈接進(jìn)行下載。


Spark下載

安裝

1.下載的Spark直接解壓就完成了安裝矿筝，Windows 用戶如果把Spark 安裝到帶有空格的路徑下起便，可能會(huì)遇到一些問(wèn)題。所以需要把Spark 安裝到不帶空格的路徑下窖维，比如C:\spark 這樣的目錄中榆综。

2.Spark由于是使用Scala語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)，因此需要安裝對(duì)應(yīng)版本的JDK包才能正常使用铸史。JDK同樣安裝到不帶空格的路徑下奖年。

3.Spark啟動(dòng)時(shí)需要根據(jù)HADOOP_HOME找到winutils.exe，因此需要下載對(duì)應(yīng)版本的環(huán)境沛贪。

1.下載winutils的windows版本
由于我們的包是2.7版本，因此下載2.7版本的環(huán)境震贵。
2.配置環(huán)境變量
增加用戶變量HADOOP_HOME利赋，指向文件解壓的目錄，然后在系統(tǒng)變量path里增加%HADOOP_HOME%\bin 即可猩系。

4.將spark-python文件夾下的pyspark文件夾拷貝到python對(duì)應(yīng)的文件夾中媚送。或者執(zhí)行以下命令安裝：

pip install PySpark

Linux環(huán)境的配置類似即可寇甸。

測(cè)試

在conf 目錄下復(fù)制log4j.properties.template為log4j.properties 塘偎，這個(gè)文件用來(lái)管理日志設(shè)置。接下來(lái)找到下面這一行：

log4j.rootCategory=INFO, console

然后通過(guò)下面的設(shè)定降低日志級(jí)別拿霉，只顯示警告及更嚴(yán)重的信息：

log4j.rootCategory=WARN, console

在spark-bin文件夾下執(zhí)行pyspark命令就可以進(jìn)入pyspark-shell環(huán)境吟秩。也可以為Spark設(shè)置環(huán)境變量，同以上Hadoop環(huán)境的操作绽淘。

spark

在shell中執(zhí)行下列代碼測(cè)試涵防，計(jì)算文件行數(shù)：

lines = sc.textFile("E:\Documents\Desktop\s.txt")
lines.count()
count

測(cè)試獨(dú)立應(yīng)用連接spark，將下列代碼保存在demo.py沪铭，執(zhí)行spark-submit demo.py壮池，命令。

# coding:utf-8

from pyspark import SparkConf, SparkContext


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 連接集群local杀怠，本應(yīng)用名稱為Demo
    conf = SparkConf().setMaster('local').setAppName('Demo')
    sc = SparkContext(conf=conf)
    # 統(tǒng)計(jì)文件中包含mape的行數(shù)椰憋，并打印第一行
    lines = sc.textFile("E:\Documents\Desktop\s.txt")
    plines = lines.filter(lambda lines: 'mape' in lines)
    print(plines.count())
    print(plines.first())

    sc.stop

在Spark2.0中只要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)SparkSession就夠了，SparkConf赔退、SparkContext和SQLContext都已經(jīng)被封裝在SparkSession當(dāng)中,因此代碼也可以寫(xiě)成如下：

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

# 連接集群local橙依，本應(yīng)用名稱為Demo
sc = SparkSession.builder.master("local").appName(Demo").config("spark.some.config.option", "some-value").getOrCreate()

向spark提交的運(yùn)行結(jié)果如圖所示：


submit.jpg

異常處理

在windows下進(jìn)行安裝調(diào)試Spark時(shí)出現(xiàn)了多種異常狀況，就我遇到的異常狀況進(jìn)行一下總結(jié)。

Hadoop winutils不存在異常

最開(kāi)始沒(méi)有配置winutils環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的異常票编，異常關(guān)鍵提示為：

Failed to locate the winutils binary in the hadoop binary path

F:\spark-2.2.0\bin>pyspark
Python 3.5.2 |Anaconda 4.2.0 (64-bit)| (default, Jul  5 2016, 11:41:13) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
17/10/25 16:13:59 ERROR Shell: Failed to locate the winutils binary in the hadoop binary path
java.io.IOException: Could not locate executable null\bin\winutils.exe in the Hadoop binaries.
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.getQualifiedBinPath(Shell.java:379)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.getWinUtilsPath(Shell.java:394)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.<clinit>(Shell.java:387)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf$ConfVars.findHadoopBinary(HiveConf.java:2327)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf$ConfVars.<clinit>(HiveConf.java:365)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.<clinit>(HiveConf.java:105)
        at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:348)
        at py4j.reflection.CurrentThreadClassLoadingStrategy.classForName(CurrentThreadClassLoadingStrategy.java:40)
        at py4j.reflection.ReflectionUtil.classForName(ReflectionUtil.java:51)
        at py4j.reflection.TypeUtil.forName(TypeUtil.java:243)
        at py4j.commands.ReflectionCommand.getUnknownMember(ReflectionCommand.java:175)
        at py4j.commands.ReflectionCommand.execute(ReflectionCommand.java:87)
        at py4j.GatewayConnection.run(GatewayConnection.java:214)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
17/10/25 16:14:01 WARN NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

Hadoop winutils版本異常

最開(kāi)始下載的winutils版本是Hadoop 2.0版本褪储，不符合Spark編譯的2.7版本，因此出現(xiàn)了代碼異常慧域，更換版本后正常鲤竹。關(guān)鍵異常提示為：

Caused by: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: org.apache.hadoop.io.nativeio.NativeIO$Windows.createDirectoryWithMode0(Ljava/lang/String;I)V;
pyspark.sql.utils.IllegalArgumentException: "Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder':"

F:\spark-2.2.0\bin>pyspark
Python 3.5.2 |Anaconda 4.2.0 (64-bit)| (default, Jul  5 2016, 11:41:13) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\pyspark\sql\utils.py", line 63, in deco
    return f(*a, **kw)
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\lib\py4j-0.10.4-src.zip\py4j\protocol.py", line 319, in get_return_value
py4j.protocol.Py4JJavaError: An error occurred while calling o23.sessionState.
: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder':
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession$$instantiateSessionState(SparkSession.scala:1053)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$$anonfun$sessionState$2.apply(SparkSession.scala:130)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$$anonfun$sessionState$2.apply(SparkSession.scala:130)
        at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState$lzycompute(SparkSession.scala:129)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState(SparkSession.scala:126)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at py4j.reflection.MethodInvoker.invoke(MethodInvoker.java:244)
        at py4j.reflection.ReflectionEngine.invoke(ReflectionEngine.java:357)
        at py4j.Gateway.invoke(Gateway.java:280)
        at py4j.commands.AbstractCommand.invokeMethod(AbstractCommand.java:132)
        at py4j.commands.CallCommand.execute(CallCommand.java:79)
        at py4j.GatewayConnection.run(GatewayConnection.java:214)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: org.apache.hadoop.io.nativeio.NativeIO$Windows.createDirectoryWithMode0(Ljava/lang/String;I)V;
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.withClient(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:106)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.databaseExists(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:193)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.externalCatalog$lzycompute(SharedState.scala:105)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.externalCatalog(SharedState.scala:93)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.externalCatalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:39)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog$lzycompute(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:54)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:52)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:35)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.BaseSessionStateBuilder.build(BaseSessionStateBuilder.scala:289)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession$$instantiateSessionState(SparkSession.scala:1050)
        ... 16 more
Caused by: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: org.apache.hadoop.io.nativeio.NativeIO$Windows.createDirectoryWithMode0(Ljava/lang/String;I)V
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.nativeio.NativeIO$Windows.createDirectoryWithMode0(Native Method)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.nativeio.NativeIO$Windows.createDirectoryWithMode(NativeIO.java:524)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.mkOneDirWithMode(RawLocalFileSystem.java:478)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.mkdirsWithOptionalPermission(RawLocalFileSystem.java:532)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.mkdirs(RawLocalFileSystem.java:509)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.mkdirs(FilterFileSystem.java:305)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.Utilities.createDirsWithPermission(Utilities.java:3679)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:597)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:554)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:508)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.HiveClientImpl.<init>(HiveClientImpl.scala:191)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.IsolatedClientLoader.createClient(IsolatedClientLoader.scala:264)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:362)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:266)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.client$lzycompute(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:66)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.client(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:65)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply$mcZ$sp(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:194)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:194)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:194)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.withClient(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:97)
        ... 25 more


During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\bin\..\python\pyspark\shell.py", line 45, in <module>
    spark = SparkSession.builder\
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\pyspark\sql\session.py", line 179, in getOrCreate
    session._jsparkSession.sessionState().conf().setConfString(key, value)
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\lib\py4j-0.10.4-src.zip\py4j\java_gateway.py", line 1133, in __call__
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\pyspark\sql\utils.py", line 79, in deco
    raise IllegalArgumentException(s.split(': ', 1)[1], stackTrace)
pyspark.sql.utils.IllegalArgumentException: "Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder':"

訪問(wèn)權(quán)限權(quán)限異常
由于windows與Linux權(quán)限的區(qū)別，在windows啟動(dòng)Spark時(shí)需要在tmp文件夾由于權(quán)限問(wèn)題昔榴，無(wú)法寫(xiě)入導(dǎo)致的異常辛藻。使用管理員權(quán)限啟動(dòng)cmd，并且提前使在對(duì)應(yīng)盤(pán)根目錄下創(chuàng)建tmp文件夾互订，問(wèn)題解決吱肌。關(guān)鍵異常提示：

Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: ---------

F:\spark-2.2.0\bin>pyspark
Python 3.5.2 |Anaconda 4.2.0 (64-bit)| (default, Jul  5 2016, 11:41:13) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\pyspark\sql\utils.py", line 63, in deco
    return f(*a, **kw)
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\lib\py4j-0.10.4-src.zip\py4j\protocol.py", line 319, in get_return_value
py4j.protocol.Py4JJavaError: An error occurred while calling o23.sessionState.
: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder':
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession$$instantiateSessionState(SparkSession.scala:1053)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$$anonfun$sessionState$2.apply(SparkSession.scala:130)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$$anonfun$sessionState$2.apply(SparkSession.scala:130)
        at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState$lzycompute(SparkSession.scala:129)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState(SparkSession.scala:126)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at py4j.reflection.MethodInvoker.invoke(MethodInvoker.java:244)
        at py4j.reflection.ReflectionEngine.invoke(ReflectionEngine.java:357)
        at py4j.Gateway.invoke(Gateway.java:280)
        at py4j.commands.AbstractCommand.invokeMethod(AbstractCommand.java:132)
        at py4j.commands.CallCommand.execute(CallCommand.java:79)
        at py4j.GatewayConnection.run(GatewayConnection.java:214)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: ---------;
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.withClient(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:106)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.databaseExists(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:193)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.externalCatalog$lzycompute(SharedState.scala:105)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.externalCatalog(SharedState.scala:93)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.externalCatalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:39)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog$lzycompute(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:54)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:52)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:35)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.BaseSessionStateBuilder.build(BaseSessionStateBuilder.scala:289)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession$$instantiateSessionState(SparkSession.scala:1050)
        ... 16 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: ---------
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.HiveClientImpl.<init>(HiveClientImpl.scala:191)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.IsolatedClientLoader.createClient(IsolatedClientLoader.scala:264)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:362)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:266)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.client$lzycompute(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:66)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.client(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:65)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply$mcZ$sp(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:194)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:194)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:194)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.withClient(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:97)
        ... 25 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: ---------
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:612)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:554)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:508)
        ... 39 more


During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\bin\..\python\pyspark\shell.py", line 45, in <module>
    spark = SparkSession.builder\
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\pyspark\sql\session.py", line 179, in getOrCreate
    session._jsparkSession.sessionState().conf().setConfString(key, value)
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\lib\py4j-0.10.4-src.zip\py4j\java_gateway.py", line 1133, in __call__
  File "F:\spark-2.2.0\python\pyspark\sql\utils.py", line 79, in deco
    raise IllegalArgumentException(s.split(': ', 1)[1], stackTrace)
pyspark.sql.utils.IllegalArgumentException: "Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder':"
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