第13章回顧了在思考的不同階段影響我們的錯(cuò)誤奕纫，其中mine-be-better“我的最好”是最基本的思維錯(cuò)誤匹层，并且成為其它錯(cuò)誤的都受其影響。其它錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生在不同的思考階段您访。
這些錯(cuò)誤會(huì)單獨(dú)存在，也會(huì)同時(shí)存在识虚。認(rèn)識(shí)這些錯(cuò)誤不難担锤，只要認(rèn)真閱讀即可，但是合上書本多糠，24個(gè)錯(cuò)誤你能一個(gè)不漏的說(shuō)出來(lái)嗎？不能。當(dāng)然也沒(méi)有必要背過(guò)怜俐。因此拍鲤，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)赴精，重要的不是知道有幾種錯(cuò)誤，而是要知道錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生在推論過(guò)程中哪個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)谭确，為什么會(huì)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤。
Knowing the right terminology is advantageous, but more important is recognizing where reasoning has gone awry and being able to explain the error in terms of the issue involved. In the vast majority of cases, plain language will do that job nicely.
歸根結(jié)底，批判性思維圍繞truth, opinion，statement, evidence, premise, assumption, argument, conclusion這些概念展開蚀腿， 錯(cuò)誤也和這幾個(gè)概念息息相關(guān)。
比如分析 Poverty of aspect的錯(cuò)誤，我們可以追溯到opinion的概念蚊伞，因?yàn)閭€(gè)人認(rèn)知的局限性等等原因氧枣， unwarranted assumptions同樣可以規(guī)到opinion認(rèn)知困難一類扎谎，等等胧奔。
每日五詞
1. wheeze
息;氣喘吁吁；If someone wheezes, they breathe with difficulty and make a whistling sound. [V] [V with quote]
He had quite serious problems with his chest and wheezed and coughed all the time...
他的胸部問(wèn)題很嚴(yán)重，總是氣喘宿礁，還不停地咳嗽笔诵。
2. tirade
激憤的長(zhǎng)篇演說(shuō);長(zhǎng)篇的批評(píng)性發(fā)言思喊；A tirade is a long angry speech in which someone criticizes a person or thing.
She launched into a tirade against the policies that ruined her business...
她就造成自己企業(yè)破產(chǎn)的政策發(fā)表了激憤的長(zhǎng)篇演說(shuō)岳服。
3. early/late/riser
someone who usually gets out of bed early late
4. dereliction
破敗;棄置;年久失修纲辽；If a building or a piece of land is in a state of dereliction, it is deserted or abandoned.
The previous owners had rescued the building from dereliction.
這座建筑之前的業(yè)主將其從破敗不堪的狀況中挽救了出來(lái)。
5.goad
[VERB 動(dòng)詞] 招惹；刺激鬼贱；激怒香璃；If you goad someone, you deliberately make them feel angry or irritated, often causing them to react by doing something. [V n into n/-ing] [V n]
He wondered if the psychiatrist was trying to goad him into some unguarded response...
他懷疑那位精神科醫(yī)生試圖刺激他作出一些本能的反應(yīng)这难。
Summary
In chapter 13, the author summarizes all errors which occur at various stages of the thinking process. “Mine-is-better” thinking is the most fundamental critical thinking error. The other errors in thinking are at least aggravated by “mine-is-better” thinking.
The part two section helps us to avoid the errors in our thinking and help us recognize them when they occur in other people’s thinking.
