Phrases

1. look to

to hope that sb will provide sth for you

To manage the risks, look to economics rarher than technology.

They looked to the government for additional support.

2. bake into 把……加入到……

The arrival of the " Internet of Things" will see computers baked into everything.

3. of all stripes/ of every stripe

of all types

Companies of all stripes should embrace initiatives like " bug bounty" programmes.

Governments of every stripe (= of all political opinions) have a bad habit of interfering in state broadcasting.

4. be compounded by

to make a problem or a difficult situation worse

Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.

His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job.

be compounded with

Most tyres are made of rubber compounded with other chemicals and materials.

4. refrain from克制，抑制

5. spark calls for

Terrorist attacks often spark calls for encryption to be weakened.

6. be served by 對最有利的是...

Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.

Rather than support America, European "allies" increasingly see their national interests best served by distancing themselves from the US as much as possible.

This suggests that small, open economies may be best served by fixed exchange rates.

7. in force

( of laws, rules, or systems) existing and being used

Reporting laws, already in force in some American states, can oblige companies to disclose when they or their products are hacked.

New driving regulations are going to come into force this year.

in large numbers

Photographers were out in force at the palace today.

8. butt up against

As computers spread to products covered by established liability arrangements, the industry's disclaimers will increasingly butt up against existing laws.

9. draw comparisons to

the fact of considering sth similar or of equal quality to sth else (similarity)

Many computer-security experts draw comparisons to the American car industry in the 1960s, which had ignored safety for decades.

She drew a comparison between life in the army and life in prison.

bear/ stand comparison with

He's a good writer but he doesn't bear/ stand comparison with Shakespeare.(= he is not nearly as good as Shakespeare.)

make a comparison

the act of comparing two or more people or things (difference)

They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits.

by/ in comparison with

By/ In comparison with the French, the British eat far Less fish.

10. come down hard with

The following year the government came down hard with rules on seatbelts, headrests and the like.

17. go bankrupt 破產(chǎn) SYN: insolvent; go into liquidation; go into receivership

A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.

18. free rein

the freedom to do, say, or feel what you want

Silicon Valley's fruitful " go fast and break things" style of innovation is possible only if firms have relatively free rein to put out New products while they still need perfecting.

The young film-maker was given free rein to experiment with themes and techniques.

Words

1. takeover (n) 收購 SYN: merger and acquisition 收購兼并

a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its share

the $4.8bn takeover of Yahoo, an internet firm, by Verizon, a telecoms firm

There were involved in a takeover last year.

make a takeover bid for sth

to try to get control of sth

The company made a takeover bid for a rival firm.

2. derail

to prevent a plan or process from succeeding

The takeover of Yahoo was nearly derailed by two enormous data breaches.

Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks.

3. interfere

to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted or is not helpful

Russian hackers interfered in the American presidential election.

interfere with sth

to prevent sth from working effectively or from developing successfully

Even a law level of noise interferes with my concentration.

4. extort (v)

to get sth by force or threat, or with difficulty

He had been extorting money from the old lady for years.

Police have not so far been able to extort a confession from the people accused of the bombing.

extortion

Away from the headlines, a black market in computerised extortion, hacking-for-hire and stolen digital goods is booming.

He was found guilty of obtaining the money by extortion.(= by forceful methods)

5. prosthetics 假體 insulin pump 胰島素泵 pacemaker （心臟）起搏器

6. gadget SYN: gizmo 小玩意兒

a small device or machine with a particular purpose

There is little evidence that these gadgets will be any more trustworthy than their desktop counterparts.

Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's separating egg yolks from whites.

7. wizardry

clever or surprising ways of doing things, esp with special machines

It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.

Using their high-tech wizardry, the police were able to locate the owners of the stolen property within hours of it being seized.

8. vigilance

more careful attention, esp in order to notice possible danger

The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread.

9. cultivated

describes sb who has had a good education and knows a lot about art, music, painting, etc.

That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia（偏執(zhí)狂） which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.

10. illicit

illegal or disapproved of by society

The average program has 14 separate vulnerabilities, each of them a potential point of illicit entry.

11. incentive

sth which encourages a person to do sth

But societies have developed ways of managing such risk- from government regulation to the use of legal liability and insurance to create incentives for safer behavior.

There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.

12. encrypt (v)

(usually passive) to change electronic information or signals into a secret code

Your financial information is fully encrypted and cannot be accessed.

encryption (n)

Terrorist attacks spark calls for encryption to be weakened so that the security services can better monitor what individuals are up to.

13. hamper

to prevent sb doing sth easily

A lack of expertise will always hamper the ability of users of computers to protect themselves.

Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors.

14. fix

something that solves a problem 解決方法

They could insist that internet-connected gizmos be updated with fixes when flaws ars found.

Robinson called the proposal a quick fix (= a temporary or easy solution ) of limited value. 權(quán)宜之計

a stopgap measure 權(quán)宜之計

political expediency 權(quán)宜之計

be in a fix (be in a mess）陷入困境，麻煩

to have a problem that is difficult to solve

We’re going to be in a real fix if we miss that bus.

That’s put us in a fix.

15. default (n) 違約，未履行義務(wù)

failure to do something that you are supposed to do according to the law or because it is your duty law

They could force users to change default （默認(rèn)）usernames and passwords.

16. oblige

to force sb to do sth

Reporting laws can oblige companies to disclose when they or their products are hacked.

oblige sb with sth

to help sb by giving them sth

Could you oblige me with a pen, please?

17. infect

to pass harmful programs from one computer to another

Networks of computers are infected with malware.(惡意軟件）（Trojan horse virus木馬病毒）

malicious惡意的

A computer virus may lurk unseen in a computer's memory, calling up and infecting each of the machine's data files in turn.

18. disclaim

to say that you have no responsibility for, or knowledge of sth

The software industry has for decades disclaimed liability for the harm when its products go wrong.

disclaimer

a formal statement

As computers spread to products covered by established liability arrangements, the industry's disclaimers will increasingly butt up against existing laws.

19. moot

(adj) often discussed or argued about and having no real answer

But this point will soon be moot.

It's a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion.

(v) to suggest sth for discussion

The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s.

(n) a moot court 模擬法庭

20. excoriate

to write or say that a play, a book, a political action, etc is very bad

A bestselling book exposed and excoriated the industry's lax (松懈的）attitude.

The president excoriated the Western press for their biased views.

His latest novel received excoriating reviews.

21. clamour

a loud complaint about sth or a demand for sth

Now imagine the clamour for legislation after the first child fatality(死亡） involving self-driving cars.

loud noise

the clamour of the city

22. premium 保險費

insurance premiums

23. prod

to push, to encourage sb to take action, esp when they are being slow or unwilling

A firm will find its premiums rising, prodding it to solve the problem.

He gets things done, but only after I've prodded him into doing them.

24. recourse (n)

using sth or sb as a way of getting help, esp in a difficult or dangerous situation

A firm that take reasonable steps to make things safe will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.

without recourse to sth 不用借助....

It is hoped that the dispute will be settled without recourse to litigation.（訴訟）