Miniconda快速入門
conda和virtualenv一樣，都是用于python項(xiàng)目做多版本環(huán)境創(chuàng)建與切換的，也就是在同一個(gè)環(huán)境中衣吠，可以存在幾個(gè)不同python版本或者不同requirement的虛擬環(huán)境，下面簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下miniconda的安裝以及使用
OS
- Linux
- Mac OS X
- Windows(此處不做講解)
Setup
- Source Download：https://conda.io/miniconda.html
以Mac為例，其實(shí)和linux安裝步驟一模一樣
1. 安裝
linux
# 獲取安裝文件
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-x86_64.sh
# 安裝miniconda叉抡，根據(jù)提示完成安裝
cd ~/
sh ./Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-x86_64.sh
# 需新建Terminal Session或手動(dòng)加載環(huán)境變量來使得conda生效
# 手動(dòng)加載
source ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bash_profie
win
1、打開Anaconda Powershell Prompt答毫，執(zhí)行以下命令褥民。執(zhí)行后將在用戶目錄即C:\Users\xxx下生成.condarc文件。
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
2洗搂、用文件編輯器如記事本打開.condarc文件消返，將其中的內(nèi)容替換如下并保存。
channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
channel_alias: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
清除緩存
conda clean -i
2. 驗(yàn)證安裝成功
mymac:~ mymac$ conda -h
usage: conda [-h] [-V] command ...
conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.
Options:
.....
3. 升級(jí)conda以及pip version
conda upgrade conda
pip install --upgrade pip
4. 查看當(dāng)前env list耘拇，由于新建conda撵颊，所以env默認(rèn)只有base
mymac:~ mymac$ conda-env list
# conda environments:
#
base * /Users/mymac/miniconda2
創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境
- 使用
conda create創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境，比如創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名字為djangocms惫叛，python version為2.7的虛擬環(huán)境：
# 注意：這里最好指定python的版本倡勇，例如python=2.7
# 不然系統(tǒng)會(huì)直接使用global python version
# 并且把你所安裝的依賴包全部放在global env下面，不利于你對(duì)python虛擬環(huán)境的隔離
conda create -n djangocms python=2.7 -y
#創(chuàng)建完畢后注意看提示
#
# To activate this environment, use:
# > source activate djangocms
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use:
# > source deactivate
#
# 查看env list
conda-env list
# conda environments:
#
base * /Users/xy920/miniconda2
djangocms /Users/mymac/miniconda2/envs/flaskcms
- 使用
conda activate/deactivate來激活和退出虛擬環(huán)境
# activate
mymac:~ mymac$ condaactivate djangocms
(djangocms) mymac:~ mymac$ pip freeze
certifi==2018.1.18
(djangocms) mymac:~ mymac$
# 激活虛擬環(huán)境之后你就可以在這里邊安裝依賴包做進(jìn)一步開發(fā)了
# 使用`pip`安裝依賴包嘉涌，比如`djangocms-installer`
(djangocms) mymac:~ mymac$ pip install djangocms-installer
(djangocms) mymac:~ mymac$ pip freeze
certifi==2018.1.18
dj-database-url==0.5.0
djangocms-installer==1.0.0
pytz==2018.3
six==1.11.0
tzlocal==1.5.1
# 退出djangocms虛擬環(huán)境
(djangocms) mymac:~ mymac$ conda deactivate
mymac:~ mymac$
卸載miniconda
#去掉~/.bash_profile環(huán)境變量配置
# added by Miniconda2 installer
export PATH="/Users/xy920/miniconda2/bin:$PATH"
#刪除miniconda
rm -rf ~/miniconda2
# 去掉相關(guān)隱藏文件
rm -rf ~/.condarc ~/.conda ~/.continuum
