?01 To be truly happy, a person must feel both free andimportant. People are never happy if they feel compelled by society to do work they do not enjoy, orif what they do enjoy is ignored by society as havingno value or importance. In a society where slavery inthe strict sense has been abolished, the socialindications around work, the value of work and thesalary, have degraded many laborers into modernslaves - "wage slaves".

一個(gè)人要想真正快樂(lè)， 必須覺(jué)得自己既自由又重要。如果覺(jué)得自己是受社會(huì)逼迫而做自己不喜歡的工作，或者自己喜歡的工作被認(rèn)為沒(méi)價(jià)值或不重要而遭社會(huì)忽視薯定，那他絕不會(huì)快樂(lè)。在一個(gè)奴隸制度嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)已經(jīng)被廢除的社會(huì)里瞳购， 工作的社會(huì)含義话侄、工作的價(jià)值和薪水， 已經(jīng)把許多勞役者降格為現(xiàn)代奴隸——“薪奴”学赛。

02 People are considered laborers if their job has an adverse effect on them, yet they feelcompelled to continue working by the necessity of conforming to societal expectations andearning the revenue to support themselves and their families. The polar opposite of labor is play.When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, but it is a purely private pastime; societydoes not care when or whether we play.

如果人們的工作對(duì)自己有負(fù)面的影響年堆， 但為了遵從社會(huì)的期望或者掙錢(qián)養(yǎng)家糊口而被迫必須繼續(xù)工作， 那么他們就被認(rèn)為是勞役者盏浇。勞役的對(duì)立面是玩樂(lè)变丧。當(dāng)我們玩游戲時(shí)， 我們很享受正在做的事情绢掰，但這僅僅是個(gè)人娛樂(lè)锄贷。社會(huì)對(duì)我們何時(shí)玩樂(lè)或者是否玩樂(lè)并不關(guān)心译蒂。

03 Between labor and play stands work. People are labeled as workers if their personal interests coincide with the jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the point of view of society is voluntary play from the individual's personal point of view. Whether a job is to be designated as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individualwho undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, correlate with the difference betweena manual and mental job or between jobs of low or high esteem; a gardener covered in dirt ina greenhouse maybe a worker while a well-dressed city mayor may prove to be an unhappylaborer!

處于勞役和玩樂(lè)之間的就是工作。如果人們的個(gè)人興趣跟社會(huì)付酬讓他們做的工作相吻合谊却，他們就被稱為工作者。社會(huì)上看來(lái)一定是苦工的事情對(duì)個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)卻是自在的玩樂(lè)活動(dòng)哑芹。一份活到底應(yīng)定為工作還是勞役并不取決于其本身炎辨， 而是承擔(dān)這份活的個(gè)人感受。比如聪姿， 二者的區(qū)別與是體力活還是腦力活或尊嚴(yán)的高低沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)碴萧。溫室里滿身塵土的園丁可能是工作者，而衣冠楚楚的市長(zhǎng)則可能是一個(gè)不開(kāi)心的勞役者末购！

04 People's attitude toward their work determineseverything. To workers, leisure means simply theh ours they need to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. Workers are therefore more prone to dedicate more time to working, taking too littleleisure rather than too much. To laborers, on the other hand, leisure means autonomy fromcompulsion, so it is natural for them to imagine thatthe fewer hours they have to spend laboring, and themore hours they have free for play, the better.

人們對(duì)自己工作的態(tài)度決定了一切破喻。對(duì)工作者而言， 閑暇只是為了更有效地工作而需要放松休息的時(shí)間盟榴。因此曹质，工作者更傾向于投入更多的時(shí)間工作，而花在休閑上的時(shí)間并非很多擎场，而是很少羽德。而對(duì)勞役者而言，休閑意味著從被迫狀態(tài)中得到自主迅办。因此宅静，他們自然會(huì)想，花在勞作上的時(shí)間越少站欺，自在玩樂(lè)的時(shí)間越多姨夹，則越好。

05 Besides the mere hours spent in leisure, workers and laborers differ in the amount of personal sat is faction they derive from their jobs. Workers who enjoy their jobs will be happier, less stressed, and generally more satisfied with their lives. They will also work with more diligenceand precision because they have fostered a sense of personal pride in their jobs. On the otherhand, laborers, whose sole incentive is earning their livelihood, feel that the time they spend onthe daily grind is wasted and doesn't contribute to their happiness. Instead of valuing all 24hours of their day as enjoyable and productive hours, they gauge only the time spent inleisure and play as meaningful. Unfortunately, laborers are all too commonplace, and only asmall percentage of the population is in the lucky position of being workers.

除了花在閑暇上的時(shí)間不同矾策， 工作者和勞役者的區(qū)別還在于他們從工作中獲得的個(gè)人滿足感不同磷账。工作者喜歡自己的工作，感覺(jué)更快樂(lè)蝴韭，更輕松够颠，通常對(duì)自己的生活更滿意。他們工作起來(lái)也會(huì)更勤奮榄鉴，更精細(xì)履磨，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)自己的工作已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了一種自豪感。相反庆尘， 由于勞役者的唯一動(dòng)力是掙生活費(fèi)剃诅，他們覺(jué)得每天花在苦差上的時(shí)間是一種浪費(fèi)，不會(huì)讓自己快樂(lè)驶忌。他們不把每天的24 小時(shí)都當(dāng)作愉快有用的時(shí)光矛辕， 認(rèn)為只有花在休閑娛樂(lè)上的時(shí)間才是有意義的笑跛。不幸的是，勞役者太常見(jiàn)了聊品，只有一小部分人能有幸成為工作者飞蹂。

06 In recent decades, technological innovation and the division of labor have caused major economic changes by eliminating the need for special strength or skill in many fields and haveturned many paid occupations with enjoyable work into boring labor. Increasing productivitywith automated machines, such as robots, has reduced the number of necessary laboring hours.It is possible to imagine an upcoming society in which the majority of the population will havealmost as much leisure time as in earlier times was enjoyed by the medieval aristocracy. Them edieval aristocrats had an abundance of leisure time but often wasted it in trivial pursuit ofgames and fashion. Like wise, modern-day laborers with too much leisure time may find itdifficult to refrain from the addictive and trivial pursuits of celebrity gossip, extravagantfashion, and excessive video games and TV - similar bad habits that waste valuable time.

近幾十年，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和勞動(dòng)分工使許多領(lǐng)域不再需要專長(zhǎng)或特殊技能翻屈， 導(dǎo)致了重大經(jīng)濟(jì)變革陈哑，把許多可以通過(guò)開(kāi)心工作來(lái)掙錢(qián)的職業(yè)變成了枯燥的勞役。隨著自動(dòng)化機(jī)器如機(jī)器人的使用伸眶，日益提高的生產(chǎn)力減少了必要的勞作時(shí)間惊窖。可以想象厘贼， 在即將到來(lái)的社會(huì)中界酒， 大多數(shù)人會(huì)擁有同早期中世紀(jì)貴族一樣多的閑暇時(shí)間。中世紀(jì)貴族有大量的閑暇時(shí)間嘴秸， 但卻往往耗費(fèi)在玩游戲和對(duì)時(shí)尚的無(wú)聊追求上毁欣。同樣， 有太多閑暇時(shí)間的現(xiàn)代勞役者們會(huì)覺(jué)得很難擺脫那些無(wú)聊又易上癮的追求赁遗， 像名人八卦署辉、奢華時(shí)尚、過(guò)度電子游戲和電視等諸如此類浪費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間的壞習(xí)慣岩四。

07 However, it's not necessary to take such a toxic attitude toward such a positive thing as leisure time.In fact, in many countries, people now use theirleisure time to improve their minds and their working conditions to create a happier, more contented life.Lifelong learning can make the difference between being bored, unhappy laborers and workers whofind meaning and joy in their employment and life. "Continuing education" or "experiential learning" canoffer an array of classes from pleasant diversions such as sports, art classes or music to leadership development, advanced accounting skills, or CAD (computer-aided design), to name only afew.

不過(guò)哭尝， 沒(méi)必要對(duì)休閑這種正面的事情采取如此否定的態(tài)度。事實(shí)上剖煌，目前在很多國(guó)家材鹦， 人們利用閑暇時(shí)間去提高認(rèn)識(shí)， 改善工作環(huán)境耕姊， 以創(chuàng)造更快樂(lè)安逸的生活桶唐。終身學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)做一個(gè)乏味不開(kāi)心的勞役者，還是成為一個(gè)從職業(yè)和生活中發(fā)現(xiàn)意義和樂(lè)趣的工作者有重要的影響茉兰∮仍螅“繼續(xù)教育”或“體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)”能提供一系列課程，略舉幾例规脸，如從運(yùn)動(dòng)坯约、藝術(shù)或音樂(lè)等休閑娛樂(lè)課程到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力拓展、高級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)或 CAD (計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)）等莫鸭。

08 Whatever the job, people who enjoy their work find time passes quickly. They hurl their passion into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or more mental like that of ascientist or an artist. Even purely mental work can suffice as an outlet, as aptly expressedby the phrase "sinking one's teeth into a problem".

不管是什么工作闹丐， 喜歡自己工作的人總發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)間過(guò)得飛快。不管是鐵匠的體力活被因， 還是像科學(xué)家或藝術(shù)家從事的偏腦力的活卿拴， 他們?cè)诠ぷ髦卸紩?huì)投入激情衫仑。即便是純腦力活也足以讓他們揮灑激情，恰如短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的那樣堕花， “全身心投入問(wèn)題中”文狱。

09 Eventually, everyone has to find a job and earn a living. Laborers are slaving away at a job they don't enjoy for a small monetary reward, waiting all day until they go home and play. But while laborers are counting down the hours, workers are energized and focused, taking optimum pleasure in the task at hand. By choosing a job that is both useful to society and personallyfulfilling, workers maintain a simultaneous sense of purpose and enthusiasm that improves their whole lives. So in the end, whatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker?

最終， 每個(gè)人都得找一份工作謀生航徙。勞役者僅為了一點(diǎn)金錢(qián)報(bào)酬如贷， 像奴隸一樣做自己并不喜歡的工作， 一天到晚等著回家玩樂(lè)到踏。但是當(dāng)勞役者倒數(shù)著時(shí)間之時(shí)，工作者則干勁十足尚猿，全神貫注窝稿，從手頭的任務(wù)中享受到最大的快樂(lè)。他們通過(guò)選擇一份有益社會(huì)凿掂、成就自我的工作伴榔，懷揣著一種使命感和熱情，提升了自己的整個(gè)生活庄萎。因此到頭來(lái)踪少， 不管你選擇什么工作，都必須面對(duì)這個(gè)根本問(wèn)題： “你想做一名勞役者還是工作者糠涛？ ”

注：資料源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)援奢，無(wú)意侵權(quán)。