2020-12-16

數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝部署_MySQL（5.7 & 8安裝配置）

1.前言

1.1 編寫目的

本文檔針成都開發(fā)中心MySQL安裝部署提供規(guī)范化指導(dǎo)舷暮，提供兩種安裝部署方案：

使用自動化安裝腳本進行安裝
使用官網(wǎng)下載的rpm包進行手動安裝

以上兩種方法均可以完成MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝崩哩，讀者可根據(jù)實際情況選擇合適的安裝方案知押。

1.2 前提和假設(shè)

如非特別說明，本指導(dǎo)手冊敘述的產(chǎn)品特性、操作命令吹零、用戶界面均基于MySQL 5.7.26和MySQL 8.0.22版本晰房，可能有不適用于其它版本的情況。如遇此情況窍荧，請參考其它版本廠商技術(shù)手冊中對應(yīng)的說明辉巡。

1.3 適用范圍

本指導(dǎo)手冊適用于成都開發(fā)中心測試環(huán)境安裝部署新的MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫，配置規(guī)范僅供參考蕊退，各新老系統(tǒng)可根據(jù)實際情況自行調(diào)整相關(guān)配置參數(shù)值郊楣。

1.4 預(yù)期讀者

成都開發(fā)中心的項目基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施可行性研究、設(shè)計和實施人員瓤荔，項目組應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計人員净蚤，相關(guān)運行維護技術(shù)人員。

2.操作系統(tǒng)要求

2.1 參數(shù)設(shè)置

操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)參照行內(nèi)Linux安裝配置規(guī)范進行設(shè)置输硝，建議值如下：

| 參數(shù)名稱 | 參數(shù)含義 | 默認值 | 建議值 |

| :--------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------------ |

| fs.aio-max-nr | 異步I/O總數(shù) | 65535 | 4194304 |

| kernel.shmmni | 用于整個系統(tǒng)的共享內(nèi)存段的最大數(shù)目（個）| 4096 | 4096 |

| kernel.sem | 信號量設(shè)置 | 250 32000 32 128 | 10000 40960000 10000 4096 |

| net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range | 用于向外連接的端口范圍 | 32768 61000 | 20000 65535 |

| vm.swappiness | swap空間使用(趨勢) | 60 | 1 |

2.2 用戶和組

創(chuàng)建如下用戶及用戶組：

| 名稱 | 說明 |

| :---- | :------------------------------------- |

| 用戶 | mysql今瀑，id為321，家目錄為/home/db/mysql |

| 組 | mysql点把，id為320 |

創(chuàng)建mysql用戶操作命令如下


[root@mysql143 ~]# groupadd -g 320 mysql

[root@mysql143 ~]# useradd -d /home/db/mysql -u 321 -g mysql mysql

設(shè)置mysql用戶環(huán)境變量橘荠，修改/home/db/mysql/.bash_profile為如下內(nèi)容：


export MYSQL_HOME=/home/db/mysql/product

export PATH=$PATH:/home/db/mysql/product/bin:/home/db/mysql/product/lib

export PS1='$LOGNAME@'`hostname`:'$PWD''$ '

if [ -t 0 ];

then stty intr ^C

fi

2.3 linux特殊配置

2.3.1 配置yum安裝缺失的軟件包

如果缺少某些軟件包，可以使用yum來安裝郎逃，需要配置成開中心的本地yum源哥童，并重新生成yum緩存，操作如下：

編輯yum配置文件


[root@mysql143 ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf

將以下內(nèi)容追加到y(tǒng)um.conf配置文件中


[China-base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base [China]

baseurl=http://128.160.171.181:9527/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

[China-updates]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates [China]

baseurl=http://128.160.171.181:9527/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

[China-extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras [China]

baseurl=http://128.160.171.181:9527/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

[China-centosplus]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus [China]

baseurl=http://128.160.171.181:9527/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

[China-epel]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux $releasever [China]

baseurl=http://128.160.171.181:9527/epel/$releasever/$basearch/

failovermethod=priority

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

保存退出褒翰。

將/etc/yum.repos.d下其他的repo文件進行備份贮懈，重新生成yum的緩存


[root@mysql143 yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@mysql143 yum.repos.d]#

[root@mysql143 yum.repos.d]# ll

總用量 4

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 187 6月  21 2019 bak

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  61 6月  21 2019 local.repo,bak


[root@mysql143 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

已加載插件：fastestmirror

正在清理軟件源： China-base China-centosplus China-epel China-extras China-updates

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

Other repos take up 1.5 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)

[root@mysql143 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

已加載插件：fastestmirror

Determining fastest mirrors

China-base                                                                                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00   

China-centosplus                                                                                                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00   

China-epel                                                                                                                                          | 5.4 kB  00:00:00   

China-extras                                                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB  00:00:00   

China-updates                                                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00   

(1/19): China-base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                                | 165 kB  00:00:00   

(2/19): China-base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                            | 7.3 MB  00:00:00   

(3/19): China-base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                              | 6.0 MB  00:00:00   

(4/19): China-base/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                | 2.6 MB  00:00:00   

(5/19): China-centosplus/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                      | 1.2 MB  00:00:00   

(6/19): China-centosplus/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                          |  69 kB  00:00:00   

(7/19): China-centosplus/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                        | 2.7 MB  00:00:00   

(8/19): China-epel/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                                |  95 kB  00:00:00   

(9/19): China-epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                              | 1.0 MB  00:00:00   

(10/19): China-epel/7/x86_64/prestodelta                                                                                                            | 3.8 kB  00:00:00   

(11/19): China-epel/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                          |  11 MB  00:00:00   

(12/19): China-epel/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                            | 6.7 MB  00:00:00   

(13/19): China-epel/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                              | 3.2 MB  00:00:00   

(14/19): China-extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                          | 164 kB  00:00:00   

(15/19): China-extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                        | 216 kB  00:00:00   

(16/19): China-extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                            | 106 kB  00:00:00   

(17/19): China-updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                        | 4.0 MB  00:00:00   

(18/19): China-updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                          | 6.7 MB  00:00:00   

(19/19): China-updates/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                            | 493 kB  00:00:00   

元數(shù)據(jù)緩存已建立

2.3.2 主機名配置

確認主機名


[root@mysql143 ~]# cat /etc/hostname

mysql143

2.3.3 關(guān)閉額外的服務(wù)

參照Linux安裝配置規(guī)范，關(guān)閉如下服務(wù)：


[root@host]#systemctl stop abrt-ccpp.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop abrtd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop abrt-oops.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop abrt-pstoreoops.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop abrt-vmcore.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop abrt-xorg.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop arp-ethers.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop atd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop auditd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop blk-availability.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop brandbot.path

[root@host]#systemctl stop chronyd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop cpupower.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop dm-event.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop dmraid-activation.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop ebtables.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop firewalld.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop fstrim.timer

[root@host]#systemctl stop gssproxy.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop iprdump.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop iprinit.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop iprupdate.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop iprutils.target

[root@host]#systemctl stop ipsec.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop kexec.target

[root@host]#systemctl stop libstoragemgmt.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop lvm2-lvmetad.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop lvm2-lvmpolld.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop lvm2-monitor.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop mdmonitor.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop microcode.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop nfs-blkmap.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop nfs-rquotad.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop nfs-server.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop nfs.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop ntpdate.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop Plymouth*

[root@host]#systemctl stop pmcd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop pmie.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop pmlogger.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop pmproxy.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop powertop.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop psacct.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop rasdaemon.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop ras-mc-ctl.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop rdisc.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop rhel-dmesg.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop rhel-domainname.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop rngd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop rpc-rquotad.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop rsyncd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop smartd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop snmpd*

[root@host]#systemctl stop tcsd.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop tuned.service

[root@host]#systemctl stop xinetd.service

2.3.4 禁用額外的服務(wù)

參照Linux安裝配置規(guī)范优训，禁用如下服務(wù)：


[root@host]#systemctl disable abrt-ccpp.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable abrtd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable abrt-oops.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable abrt-pstoreoops.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable abrt-vmcore.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable abrt-xorg.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable arp-ethers.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable atd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable auditd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable blk-availability.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable brandbot.path

[root@host]#systemctl disable chronyd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable cpupower.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable dm-event.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable dmraid-activation.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable ebtables.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable firewalld.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable fstrim.timer

[root@host]#systemctl disable gssproxy.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable iprdump.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable iprinit.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable iprupdate.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable iprutils.target

[root@host]#systemctl disable ipsec.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable kexec.target

[root@host]#systemctl disable libstoragemgmt.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable lvm2-lvmetad.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable lvm2-lvmpolld.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable lvm2-monitor.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable mdmonitor.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable microcode.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable nfs-blkmap.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable nfs-rquotad.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable nfs-server.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable nfs.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable ntpdate.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable Plymouth*

[root@host]#systemctl disable pmcd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable pmie.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable pmlogger.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable pmproxy.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable powertop.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable psacct.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable rasdaemon.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable ras-mc-ctl.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable rdisc.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable rhel-dmesg.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable rhel-domainname.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable rngd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable rpc-rquotad.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable rsyncd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable smartd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable snmpd*

[root@host]#systemctl disable tcsd.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable tuned.service

[root@host]#systemctl disable xinetd.service

2.3.5 關(guān)閉SELINUX

使用root用戶編輯SELINUX軟件配置文件


[root@mysql143 selinux]# vim /etc/selinux/config


# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

#    enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

#    permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

#    disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:

#    targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

#    minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

#    mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

編輯結(jié)束后退出朵你，可以選擇重啟機器使配置生效，也可以選擇使用root用戶運行以下命令立即關(guān)閉SELINUX


[root@mysql143 selinux]# setenforce 0

setenforce: SELinux is disabled

2.3.6 關(guān)閉FIREWALL（防火墻）

Linux7版本使用如下命令：

使用root用戶運行以下命令關(guān)閉firewall：


[root@host]#systemctl stop firewalld

運行以下命令型宙，設(shè)置下次啟動系統(tǒng)不啟動firewall:


[root@host]#systemctl disable firewalld

運行以下命令撬呢，如顯示disabled則表示設(shè)置成功：


[root@mysql143 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep firewalld

firewalld.service                            disabled

Linux6版本使用如下命令：

使用root用戶運行以下命令關(guān)閉iptables：


[root@host]#service iptables stop

運行以下命令，設(shè)置下次啟動系統(tǒng)不啟動iptables:


[root@host]#chkconfig iptables off

運行以下命令妆兑，如顯示disabled則表示設(shè)置成功：


[root@host]#service iptables status

2.3.7 配置LIMITS

根據(jù)Linux7安裝配置規(guī)范魂拦，如果用戶有個性化的值毛仪，請在/etc/security/limits.conf中配置，不得修改/etc/security/limits.d/20-proc.conf文件

| :--- | :---------------------- | :-------- | :------- | :------- |

| 1 | 進程最大打開文件數(shù) | nofile | 1024 | 655360 |

| 2 | 進程堆棧 | stack | 10240 | 10240 |

| 3 | 用戶可創(chuàng)建的進程/線程數(shù) | nproc | 1024 | 65536 |

使用root用戶執(zhí)行


[root@mysql143 ~]# cat>>/etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF

> mysql soft nofile 655360

> mysql soft stack 10240

> mysql soft nproc 65536

> EOF

2.3.8 MOUNT參數(shù)

新增/home/db/mysql芯勘、/mysqldata箱靴、/mysqltmp、/mysqlbinlog和/mysqlbackup五個掛載點的信息荷愕，mount的時候添加如下參數(shù)來提高性能衡怀。


[root@host]# vi /etc/fstab

/dev/vg01/<lv_name1> /home/db/mysql xfs defaults 0 0

/dev/vg01/<lv_name2> /mysqldata xfs rw,noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier 0 0

/dev/vg01/<lv_name3> /mysqltmp xfs rw,noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier 0 0

/dev/vg01/<lv_name4> /mysqlbinlog xfs rw,noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier 0 0

/dev/vg01/<lv_name5> /mysqlbackup xfs defaults 0 0


[root@host]# mount –a

2.3.9 DISK I/O SCHEDULER

官方推薦io調(diào)度策略為deadline

linux 6配置方法

修改/etc/grub.conf，找到kernel/vmlinuz-xxx這一行安疗，在最后添加elevator=deadline抛杨。


[root@host]vi /etc/grub.conf

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux (2.6.32-431.29.2.el6.x86_64)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-4.1.12-94.3.9.el7.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg00-lvroot

rd_NO_LUKS KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us LANG=en_US.UTF-8

rd_LVM_LV=vg00/lvroot

rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto

rd_LVM_LV=vg00/lvswap01

rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet elevator=deadline

linux 7配置方法

修改/etc/default/grub，找到GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX這一行荐类，在最后添加elevator=deadline


[root@host]vi /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet elevator=deadline numa=off"

然后編譯/boot/grub2/grub.cfg文件怖现，以便生效


BIOS-Based：

[root@host] grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

UEFI-Based：

[root@host] grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg

檢查/驗證方法：系統(tǒng)啟動正常后，執(zhí)行：


[root@host]cat /sys/block/*/queue/scheduler

如果看到deadline 被總括號選中玉罐，表示正常屈嗤，如


noop anticipatory [deadline] cfq

3.MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的安裝

3.1 MySQL手動安裝（版本號8.0.22）

將安裝MySQL所需要的rpm包存放在/home/db/mysql/product路徑下


[root@localhost mysql]# cd product/

[root@localhost product]# ll

total 577144

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  49820920 Dec 15 13:56 mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    630772 Dec 15 13:56 mysql-community-common-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4809544 Dec 15 13:56 mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1273480 Dec 15 13:56 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 534432648 Dec 15 13:58 mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    18672 Dec 15 13:56 mysqlInstall.sh

查看centOS 7自帶的mariadb是否已安裝，如果安裝需要清理


[root@localhost product]# rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb

[root@localhost product]#

通過rpm -e 加包名吊输，可以把mariadb包清掉

開始按順序逐一安裝MySQL的rpm包饶号，順序大致為common--->lib--->client--->server：


[root@localhost mysql]#

[root@localhost mysql]#

[root@localhost mysql]# chmod -R 755 product

[root@localhost mysql]#

[root@localhost mysql]# cd product/

[root@localhost product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-common-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

  1:mysql-community-common-8.0.22-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@localhost product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

mysql-community-client-plugins = 8.0.22-1.el7 is needed by mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64

在安裝libs包時出現(xiàn)報錯缺少plugins依賴，因此需要先安裝plugins包季蚂，下載地址 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/


[root@localhost product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

  1:mysql-community-client-plugins-8.################################# [100%]

[root@localhost product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

  1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7################################# [100%]

[root@localhost product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

  1:mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@localhost product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

  1:mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.e################################# [100%]

到這里MySQL 8.0.22的rpm安裝基本完成茫船，我們可以指定數(shù)據(jù)存放路徑寫到/etc/my.cnf配置文件中，如：


datadir=/home/db/mysql/data

需要給目錄授權(quán)mysql用戶權(quán)限癣蟋。

啟動MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫


[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

[root@localhost mysql]#

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server

  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

  Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-12-15 16:06:22 CST; 5s ago

    Docs: man:mysqld(8)

          http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

  Process: 8810 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 8891 (mysqld)

  Status: "Server is operational"

  CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service

          └─8891 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Dec 15 16:06:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...

Dec 15 16:06:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

查看MySQL的初始密碼


[root@localhost mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2020-11-18T05:49:32.689561Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: R_yHaip=#9qJ

2020-12-15T08:06:18.015710Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: p%gxZpMsy5tJ

修改MySQL的登錄密碼


[root@localhost log]# mysql -u root -p

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Passw0rd!';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit

自此MySQL 8.0.22安裝完成透硝。

3.2 MySQL手動安裝（版本號5.7.26）

將安裝MySQL所需要的rpm包存放在/home/db/mysql/product路徑下


[root@mysql143 db]# cd mysql/product/

[root@mysql143 product]# ll

總用量 198836

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  25381952 12月 16 09:58 mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    280904 12月 16 09:58 mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  2274268 12月 16 09:58 mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  2118444 12月 16 09:58 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 173541272 12月 16 09:59 mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

開始按順序逐一安裝MySQL的rpm包狰闪，順序大致為common--->lib--->client--->server：


[root@mysql143 product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

警告：mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 頭V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

準備中...                          ################################# [100%]

正在升級/安裝...

  1:mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@mysql143 product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

警告：mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 頭V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

準備中...                          ################################# [100%]

正在升級/安裝...

  1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7################################# [100%]

[root@mysql143 product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

警告：mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 頭V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

準備中...                          ################################# [100%]

正在升級/安裝...

  1:mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@mysql143 product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

警告：mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 頭V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

準備中...                          ################################# [100%]

正在升級/安裝...

  1:mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@mysql143 product]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

警告：mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 頭V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

準備中...                          ################################# [100%]

正在升級/安裝...

  1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]

啟動MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫


[root@mysql143 product]# systemctl start mysqld

[root@mysql143 product]#

[root@mysql143 product]# systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server

  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

  Active: active (running) since 三 2020-12-16 10:21:02 CST; 5s ago

    Docs: man:mysqld(8)

          http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

  Process: 18604 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

  Process: 18527 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 18607 (mysqld)

  CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service

          └─18607 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

12月 16 10:20:56 mysql143 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...

12月 16 10:21:02 mysql143 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

查看MySQL的初始密碼


[root@mysql143 ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2020-12-16T02:20:58.128815Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -ivVlqDtE08q

修改MySQL的登錄密碼


[root@localhost log]# mysql -u root -p

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Passw0rd!';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit

自此MySQL 5.7.26安裝完成疯搅。

3.3 運用MySQL安裝腳本安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫（以版本5.7.26為例）

將安裝MySQL所需要的rpm包和安裝腳本 mysqlInstall.sh 存放在/home/db/mysql/product路徑下：


[root@mysql143 mysql]# cd product/

[root@mysql143 product]# ll

總用量 198856

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  25381952 12月 16 10:57 mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    280904 12月 16 10:57 mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  2274268 12月 16 10:57 mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  2118444 12月 16 10:57 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 173541272 12月 16 10:57 mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    18672 12月 16 11:00 mysqlInstall.sh

執(zhí)行自動化安裝腳本開始安裝


[root@mysql143 product]# ./mysqlInstall.sh rpm 5.7.26

##### mysql安裝程序2.0 #####

1.安裝前準備

1.1修改操作系統(tǒng)配置

修改系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù):

vm.swappiness = 1

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 20000 65535

檢查io調(diào)度策略(推薦HDD硬盤設(shè)置為deadline,SSD硬盤設(shè)置為NOOP):

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

配置limits:

mysql  soft  nproc    65536

mysql  soft  nofile    655360

mysql  soft  stack    10240

1.2創(chuàng)建mysql用戶

mysql用戶已存在,無需創(chuàng)建

2.安裝配置mysql

2.1安裝mysql軟件

不存在已安裝的mysql包,繼續(xù)安裝程序...

請先安裝軟件包perl-DBD-MySQL

提示需要安裝perl-DBD-MySQL包，通過yum安裝：yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL埋泵。

繼續(xù)重新運行安裝腳本


[root@mysql143 product]# ./mysqlInstall.sh rpm 5.7.26

##### mysql安裝程序2.0 #####

1.安裝前準備

1.1修改操作系統(tǒng)配置

修改系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù):

vm.swappiness = 1

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 20000 65535

檢查io調(diào)度策略(推薦HDD硬盤設(shè)置為deadline,SSD硬盤設(shè)置為NOOP):

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

noop [deadline] cfq

配置limits:

mysql  soft  nproc    65536

mysql  soft  nofile    655360

mysql  soft  stack    10240

1.2創(chuàng)建mysql用戶

mysql用戶已存在,無需創(chuàng)建

2.安裝配置mysql

2.1安裝mysql軟件

系統(tǒng)已安裝以下mysql rpm包:

mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64

繼續(xù)安裝可能會或覆蓋已安裝的包幔欧，是否繼續(xù)?(Y:是;N:否):

選擇Y，回車繼續(xù)

開始安裝mysql rpm包...

警告：mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 頭V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

準備中...                          ################################# [100%]

正在升級/安裝...

  1:mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.e################################# [ 20%]

  2:mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7################################# [ 40%]

  3:mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.e################################# [ 60%]

  4:mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.e################################# [ 80%]

  5:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]

安裝成功丽声！

2.2創(chuàng)建配置文件

初始化配置文件完成

2.3初始化數(shù)據(jù)目錄

開始初始化數(shù)據(jù)目錄...

初始化完成

2.4配置mysql系統(tǒng)服務(wù)

配置完成

2.5啟動mysql服務(wù)

檢查mysql服務(wù)狀態(tài)...

mysql服務(wù)尚未啟動,開始啟動...

啟動成功

2.6初始化root@localhost用戶密碼

請為"root@localhost"用戶輸入一個新密碼:

請重新輸入新密碼:

輸入一個自定義密碼如：root1234礁蔗，回車繼續(xù)

密碼設(shè)置成功

2.7配置GTID半同步復(fù)制參數(shù)

配置完成,重啟mysql服務(wù)...

啟動成功

自此通過自動化腳本安裝MySQL 5.7.26完成。

我們可以通過查看腳本里面的mysql參數(shù)配置是否寫入/etc/my.cnf配置文件確認安裝是否正常完成


[root@mysql143 product]# vim /etc/my.cnf

4.MySQL參數(shù)配置（供參考）

文末給出一些MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的相關(guān)參數(shù)配置雁社，僅供參考浴井，參數(shù)值可根據(jù)系統(tǒng)實際情況進行調(diào)整，不作為標準規(guī)范


#client組參數(shù)

port=3306

socket=/home/db/mysql/data/mysql.sock

#mysql組參數(shù)

prompt=\u@\h[\d]>

#mysqld組參數(shù)

socket=/home/db/mysql/data/mysql.sock

pid_file=/home/db/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

server_id=10

port=3306

datadir=/home/db/mysql/data

tmpdir=/home/db/mysql/tmp

innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

innodb_buffer_pool_instances=4

innodb_buffer_pool_size=8G

innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

innodb_flush_log_at_timeout=2

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

innodb_io_capacity=4000

innodb_lock_wait_timeout=600

innodb_log_buffer_size=32M

innodb_log_file_size=2G

innodb_log_files_in_group=4

innodb_max_undo_log_size=2G

innodb_page_cleaners=4

innodb_print_all_deadlocks=ON

innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency=16

innodb_read_io_threads=16

innodb_write_io_threads=16

innodb_thread_concurrency=8

innodb_temp_data_file_path=ibtmp1:12M:autoextend:max:2G

innodb_undo_directory=/home/db/mysql/data

innodb_undo_log_truncate=1

innodb_undo_tablespaces=4

innodb_open_files=4000

table_open_cache=4000

table_open_cache_instances=4

transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED

lower_case_table_names=1

autocommit=1

character_set_server=utf8mb4

collation_server=utf8mb4_bin

default_time_zone='+8:00'

slave_skip_errors=ddl_exist_errors

max_connections=4000

wait_timeout=28800

interactive_timeout=28800

sort_buffer_size=8M

read_rnd_buffer_size=1M

join_buffer_size=2M

tmp_table_size=64M

max_heap_table_size=128M

max_allowed_packet=64M

skip_name_resolve=ON

#日志

log_error=/home/db/mysql/log/error.log

log_bin=/home/db/mysql/binlog/mysql_bin

slow_query_log_file=/home/db/mysql/log/slow.log

log_slow_admin_statements=1

log_queries_not_using_indexes=1

log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes=10

long_query_time=1

slow_query_log=1

sync_binlog=1

log_bin_trust_function_creators=1

binlog_format=ROW

binlog_cache_size=2M

expire_logs_days=7

relay_log=/home/db/mysql/relaylog/relay_log

relay_log_index=/home/db/mysql/relaylog/relay_log.index

relay_log_info_repository=TABLE

master_info_repository=TABLE

relay_log_recovery=1

relay_log_purge=1

log_timestamps=system

log_slave_updates=1

#performance_schema監(jiān)控

performance_schema_instrument='memory/%=COUNTED'

performance_schema_instrument='wait/%=COUNTED'

5.通用數(shù)據(jù)庫配置

數(shù)據(jù)庫字符集配置

在數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計開發(fā)階段霉撵，要求必須使用utf8mb4字符集磺浙，此字符集對漢字支持較好洪囤，也便于擴展輸入其他國家字符，注意在該字符集下每個中文字符最多占4個字節(jié)來存儲撕氧，和ZHS16GBK等使用兩個字節(jié)存儲中文字符不同瘤缩。

本文檔沒有過多涉及關(guān)于MySQL主從復(fù)制的內(nèi)容，重點是對單節(jié)點MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫搭建的指導(dǎo)和建議伦泥，如需要搭建MHA架構(gòu)主從MySQL,請參考《MHA安裝手冊》剥啤。

?著作權(quán)歸作者所有,轉(zhuǎn)載或內(nèi)容合作請聯(lián)系作者

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