官方中英文解釋：

• vars：返回具有__dict__屬性的模塊、類烈和、實例或任何其他對象的__dict__屬性阱飘。Return the __dict__ attribute for a module, class, instance, or any other object with a __dict__ attribute.

• dir：如果對象具有名為的__dir__()方法，則將調(diào)用此方法并且必須返回屬性列表沥匈。如果對象未提供__dir__()，則該函數(shù)會盡力從對象的__dict__屬性（如果已定義）和類型對象中收集信息缰儿。If the object has a method named __dir__(), this method will be called and must return the list of attributes. If the object does not provide __dir__(), the function tries its best to gather information from the object’s __dict__ attribute, if defined, and from its type object.

個人理解：

• vars：返回非私有屬性變量-值散址，不包括方法

• dir：返回所有屬性，包括方法,（如果不重寫該魔法函數(shù)）

例子：

import json

class A(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.b = 'c'
        self.a = None
    def self_method(self):
        self.m = None
    def __repr__(self):
        print('vars : ', vars(self))
        print('dir : ', dir(self))
        return str(self.__class__) + ' : ' + json.dumps(vars(self), sort_keys=True, indent=4)

obj = A()

__repr__為交互式或print時候的打印值

>>> print(obj)
vars : {'a': None, 'b': 'c'}
dir : ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'a', 'b', 'self_method']
<class '__main__.A'> : {
    "a": null, 
    "b": "c"
}

>>> print(vars(obj))
{'a': None, 'b': 'c'}

>>> print(dir(obj))

['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'a', 'b', 'self_method']

調(diào)用函數(shù)后

>>> obj.self_method()
>>> print(obj)

vars : {'a': None, 'b': 'c', 'm': None}
dir : ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'a', 'b', 'm', 'self_method']
<class '__main__.A'> : {
    "a": null, 
    "b": "c", 
    "m": null
}
>>> print(vars(obj))

{'a': None, 'b': 'c', 'm': None}
>>> print(dir(obj))

['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'a', 'b', 'm', 'self_method']

先做記錄，如果之后發(fā)現(xiàn)理解有誤吏祸，再更改。

pass