iOS的APP可以在自己的沙盒里讀寫文件些侍，但是不可以訪問其他APP的沙盒隶症。每一個(gè)APP都是一個(gè)信息孤立的房間，這些房間就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)沙盒岗宣，相互是不可以進(jìn)行通信的蚂会，唯獨(dú)可以通過URL Scheme。沙盒里面的文件可以是照片耗式、聲音文件胁住、文件、屬性列表等刊咳。
沙盒的根目錄結(jié)構(gòu):Document措嵌、Library、temp芦缰。
1.Document：用于存儲(chǔ)用戶數(shù)據(jù)，iTunes備份和恢復(fù)的時(shí)候會(huì)包括此目錄枫慷。所以让蕾。蘋果建議將程序中建立的或在程序中瀏覽到的文件數(shù)據(jù)保存在該目錄下。
2.Library：包含兩個(gè)子目錄：Caches 和 Preferences或听。Caches用來存放用戶需要換成的文件探孝。Preferences是APP的偏好設(shè)置，可以通過NSUserDefaults來讀取和設(shè)置誉裆。
3.tmp：用于存放臨時(shí)文件顿颅，這個(gè)可以存放一些當(dāng)APP退出后不需要再保存的文件。
獲取沙盒路徑
//獲取路徑三種方法
NSString *path = NSHomeDirectory();
//拼接字符串
NSString *documents = [path stringByAppendingString:@"/Documents"];
//專業(yè)拼接路徑
NSString *str = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"];
系統(tǒng)提供的方法獲取Document路徑
NSArray *array = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *strD = [array objectAtIndex:0];
NSLog(@"%@",strD);
獲取library路徑
NSArray *arrayL = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *strL = [arrayL objectAtIndex:0];
NSLog(@"%@",strL);
獲取tmp路徑
NSString *path = NSTemporaryDirectory();
NSLog(@"%@",path);
獲取caches路徑
NSArray *arrayC = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *strC = [arrayC objectAtIndex:0];
NSLog(@"%@",strC);
用NSUserDefaults對(duì)Preferences進(jìn)行讀取和設(shè)置
NSUserDefaults *user = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[user setObject:@"zhangsan" forKey:@"name"];
[user setObject:@"lisi" forKey:@"names"];
//將數(shù)據(jù)同步到沙盒的規(guī)定目錄下（library下的preferences目錄）
[user synchronize];
基本類型數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和讀取
- 字符串存儲(chǔ)足丢、讀取
- (void)saveString{
//獲取Document目錄
NSString *string = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
//在沙盒文件下創(chuàng)建文件
NSString *newPath = [string stringByAppendingString:@"/text.txt"];
//要存入的內(nèi)容
NSString *name = @"UMR";
//寫入文件
[name writeToFile:newPath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
}
- (void)readingString{
//獲取路徑
NSString *str = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSString *newPath = [str stringByAppendingString:@"/text.txt"];
//讀取數(shù)據(jù)
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:newPath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
NSLog(@"%@",string);
}
- 數(shù)組存儲(chǔ)粱腻、讀取
- (void)saveArray{
//1.獲取路徑
//獲取目錄
NSString *string = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
//在沙盒文件下創(chuàng)建文件
NSString *newPath = [string stringByAppendingString:@"/array.plist"];
//要存入的內(nèi)容
NSArray *array = @[@"zhangsan",@"lisi",@"wangwu"];
//寫入
[array writeToFile:newPath atomically:YES];
NSLog(@"%@",newPath);
}
- (void)readingArray{
//獲取路徑
NSString *str = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSString *newPath = [str stringByAppendingString:@"/array.plist"];
//讀取數(shù)據(jù)
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:newPath];
NSLog(@"%@",array);
}
- 字典存儲(chǔ)、讀取
- (void)saveDictionary{
//獲取路徑
NSString *string = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSString *newPath = [string stringByAppendingString:@"/dictionary.plist"];
//存儲(chǔ)內(nèi)容
NSDictionary *dict = @{@"n1":@[@"1",@"2",@"3"],@"n2":@{@"a":@"d",@"s":@"g"},@"n3":@"uuummmrrr"};
[dict writeToFile:newPath atomically:YES];
NSLog(@"%@",newPath);
}
- (void)readingDictionary{
//獲取路徑
NSString *string = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSString *newPath = [string stringByAppendingString:@"/dictionary.plist"];
//讀取內(nèi)容
NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:newPath];
NSLog(@"%@",dic);
}
- data存儲(chǔ)斩跌、讀取
- (void)saveData{
//獲取路徑
NSString *string = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
//存儲(chǔ)路徑
NSString *newPath = [string stringByAppendingString:@"/data.plist"];
//存儲(chǔ)內(nèi)容
NSString *str = @"UMR";
//將string轉(zhuǎn)換成data
NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
//寫入文件夾
[data writeToFile:newPath atomically:YES];
NSLog(@"%@",newPath);
}
- (void)readingData{
//獲取路徑
NSString *string = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
//存儲(chǔ)路徑
NSString *newPath = [string stringByAppendingString:@"/data.plist"];
//從文件讀取data
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:newPath];
//將data轉(zhuǎn)換成為string
NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"%@",str);
}
- image存儲(chǔ) - 需轉(zhuǎn)換為data進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)和讀取
- (void)saveImage{
//獲取路徑
NSString *path = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
//在文件路徑下面創(chuàng)建該文件夾
NSString *newPath = [path stringByAppendingString:@"/image.png"];
//將.png轉(zhuǎn)為data格式
NSData *imageData = UIImagePNGRepresentation([UIImage imageNamed:@"name6.png"]);
// NSData *imageD = UIImageJPEGRepresentation([UIImage imageNamed:@"name6.png"], 1); 如果是JPG格式的绍些，后面的CGFloat為壓縮系數(shù);
//將data文件寫入文件夾
[imageData writeToFile:newPath atomically:YES];
NSLog(@"%@",newPath);
}
- (void)readingImage{
//獲取路徑，獲取文件
NSString *path = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSString *newPath = [path stringByAppendingString:@"/image.png"];
NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:newPath];
//將data轉(zhuǎn)為圖片格式
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:imageData];
//獲取 - 賦值
UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(120, 120, 120, 120)];
imageView.image = image;
[self.view addSubview:imageView];
NSLog(@"%@",newPath);
}
歸檔與反歸檔 - 復(fù)雜數(shù)據(jù)的沙盒存儲(chǔ)
- eg：先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Person對(duì)象耀鸦，聲明相關(guān)屬性
//歸檔必須遵守NSCoding協(xié)議
@interface Person : NSObject<NSCoding>
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSString *gender;
@property (nonatomic,assign) NSInteger age;
@end```
- 在.m文件中實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)NSCoding協(xié)議方法
@implementation Person
//對(duì)對(duì)象進(jìn)行歸檔的時(shí)候調(diào)用
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
[aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
[aCoder encodeObject:self.gender forKey:@"gender"];
[aCoder encodeInteger:self.age forKey:@"age"];
}
//對(duì)對(duì)象進(jìn)行反歸檔的時(shí)候調(diào)用 - (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
self.gender = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"gender"];
self.age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:@"age"];
}
return self;
}
@end``` - 歸檔
- (void)saveData{
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
person.name = @"umr";
person.gender = @"m";
person.age = 18;
//進(jìn)行規(guī)檔操作
//1.創(chuàng)建一個(gè)NSMutableData來存儲(chǔ)歸檔后的數(shù)據(jù)
NSMutableData *Data = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
//2.創(chuàng)建歸檔器
NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:Data];
//3.進(jìn)行歸檔
[archiver encodeObject:person forKey:@"person"];
//4.歸檔結(jié)束
[archiver finishEncoding];
//獲取沙盒路徑
NSString *SDPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSString *newPath = [SDPath stringByAppendingString:@"/archiver.plist"];
//寫入文件
[Data writeToFile:newPath atomically:YES];
NSLog(@"%@",newPath);
}```
- 反歸檔
- (void)readData{
//獲取沙盒路徑
NSString *path = [[self documentPath] stringByAppendingString:@"/archiver.plist"];
//獲取數(shù)據(jù)
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSKeyedUnarchiver *Unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data];
Person *person1 = [Unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"person"];
[Unarchiver finishDecoding];
NSLog(@"%@ %ld %@",person1.name,person1.age,person1.gender);
}```
- (NSString *)documentPath{
return [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
}```
### - 對(duì)象數(shù)組的歸檔與反歸檔
- (void)codeArray{
//創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)person對(duì)象
Person *person1 = [[Person alloc] init];
person1.name = @"huahua";
Person *person2 = [[Person alloc] init];
person2.name = @"UMR";存入數(shù)組 - 數(shù)組中的復(fù)雜對(duì)象必須遵守NSCoding協(xié)議柬批，就可以直接對(duì)數(shù)組進(jìn)行歸檔
NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:person1,person2, nil];
//獲取路徑
NSString *documentPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
NSString *path = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"array.plist"];
NSLog(@"%@",path);
//歸檔
[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:array toFile:path];
//反歸檔
NSArray *arr = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:path];
// Person *per = arr[0];
NSLog(@"%@",arr);
}```
