beside oneself= in a state of extreme agitation（焦慮习劫，不可數(shù)）or excitement
Joe was beside himself as the war was looming.?
gutted= extremely disappointed and unhappy,極不開(kāi)心（guts指內(nèi)臟或勇氣）
Joe was gutted with pain when he heard the news that his best friend had been murdered.
contextualize把…置于環(huán)境中,vt
When we judge a historical figure, we should contextualize their behavior and experience.
brave=fine叙谨，含諷刺意味
We don’t know where the brave new technology named AI would take us.
mushroom= increase, spread, or develop rapidly,迅速增漲许溅，vi
Juvenile delinquency has been mushrooming in this district.
注意perimeter和parameter的區(qū)別瓤鼻，前者是周長(zhǎng)（邊緣，邊界）贤重，相當(dāng)于circumference茬祷，后者是參數(shù)，規(guī)范并蝗，界限（a limit or boundary）祭犯，常作parameters?
The police are patrolling the perimeter of this community.
The parameters of this debate are set by some senior members of this committee.
jack up=increase sth by a considerable amount秸妥，提高，pv沃粗，vt（jack有汽車千斤頂?shù)囊馑迹?/p>
The advent of the internet has jacked up global trade.
traffic in…= deal or trade in sth illegal,非法買賣某物
One of the main features of tabloids is to traffic in shame of public figures.
desensitize A to B粥惧，使A對(duì)B脫敏
Growing up with many sisters has desensitized him to the appeals of women.
permissive= allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior，縱容的（注意pervasive是“普遍的”的意思)
Joe has a strict father and a permissive mother.
lend itself to sth= be suitable for sth
Joe’s personality lends itself to an academic career.
saturate A with B使A充滿B（saturate本義是“使…濕透”的意思）
Gossipers saturate the internet with public shaming.
Upstander= a person who acts or speaks in support of an individual or cause, particularly someone who intervenes on behalf of a person being attacked or bullied.挺身相助者（bystander最盅，旁觀者）
Joe sees himself as an upstander for minorities and those unprivileged.?
id本我突雪；ego自我；superego超我
stick（有“探出涡贱、放置咏删，vt”的意思）one’s head above the parapet= take a risk（貿(mào)然出頭）
Joe always sticks his head above the parapet（一種矮的保護(hù)墻）to help those in need.
tiptoe around sth or someone= to avoid dealing with a difficult subject, problem, or person.
Stop tiptoeing around the challenge you are due to face.
opprobrium= the public disgrace arising from someone’s shameful conduct.恥辱，不可數(shù)
No one can bear the heavy load of life-long opprobrium.
