Adaptive Reuse
適應(yīng)性再利用
Building often outlive their original purpose:adaptive reuse is the process of renovating old structures for new uses.Structures embody an enormous amount of energy that was expended to fabricate and assemble the materials used in construction.Adaptive reuse saves this energy and the resources that would otherwise be used in demolition, transportation, and new construction .From an economic and sustainability point of view, adaptive reuse provokes owners and architects to rethink the seemingly endless cycle of tearing down and rebuilding.
建筑的實(shí)際壽命往往比其最初的設(shè)計(jì)使用目的更長久：適應(yīng)性再利用是將舊的結(jié)構(gòu)翻新改造為新的用途的過程砌梆。建筑包含了的大量的能量袜刷，這些能量曾經(jīng)被用于制造和組裝建筑材料以形成結(jié)構(gòu)體社牲。適應(yīng)性的再利用節(jié)省了這些能量和資源出牧，否則將被用于拆除、運(yùn)輸工作和新的建筑蛾扇。從經(jīng)濟(jì)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度來看攘烛，適應(yīng)性再利用促使業(yè)主和建筑師重新思考看似無休止的拆除和重建周期。
Along with brownfield reclamation ,adaptive reuse is a key strategy in land conservation that combats land consumption and the proliferation of sprawl. It is more efficient and environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings within the city limits than to build new construction on greenfield sites.
隨著污染土地（brownfield）復(fù)墾镀首，適應(yīng)性再利用是土地保護(hù)的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵戰(zhàn)略坟漱，可以對抗土地消耗和蔓延的擴(kuò)散。在城市范圍內(nèi)更哄，以老建筑為基礎(chǔ)重新開發(fā)比在未開發(fā)土地上建造新的建筑更有效和環(huán)保芋齿。
In New York City, the conversion of warehouses to highly desirable, trendy residential loft units was an early form of adaptive reuse.After the first oil embargo in the 1970s, adaptive reuse proponents advocated energy consciousness and historic preservation . One solution ?to the crisis, they argued, was to use what was already built and improve on the thermal envelope of the building. Older masonry buildings were blessed with thermal mass, which was intrinsic to human comfort and could not be replaced by newer, lightweight structures.
在紐約，將倉庫轉(zhuǎn)換為非常理想和時(shí)尚的住宅單元是適應(yīng)性再利用的早期形式成翩。在20世紀(jì)70年代第一次石油禁運(yùn)之后觅捆，適應(yīng)性再利用的支持者提出能源自覺和歷史保護(hù)。他們認(rèn)為麻敌，危機(jī)的一個(gè)解決方案是使用已經(jīng)建成的建筑并改善建筑的熱圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)栅炒。老的磚石建筑具有的熱穩(wěn)定性，這是人類舒適的內(nèi)在因素术羔，并不能被新的輕型結(jié)構(gòu)所取代赢赊。
We presently seem to be in a period of excessiveness, arrogance ,and wastefulness. It is currently fashionable to claim that saving an older structure is not as cost-effective as building a new structure that incorporates technologically improved materials and techniques. This argument deceptively discounts the inherent energy and craft expended during the construction of the original structure.
我們現(xiàn)在似乎處于過度消費(fèi)，傲慢和浪費(fèi)的時(shí)代级历。目前流行的說法是释移，保留舊結(jié)構(gòu)并不像采用經(jīng)過技術(shù)改進(jìn)之后材料和結(jié)構(gòu)新建建筑那樣具有成本效益。這一論點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤地低估了原始結(jié)構(gòu)建造過程中所消耗的能量和工藝寥殖。
In 2005, the City of Los Angeles passed an adaptive reuse ordinance ?to encourage residents and businesses to move downtown and rehabilitate older existing structures. The ordinance ?expedited the review process for adaptive reuse projects, especially for conversions that included first-floor commercial uses. It exempted conversion projects from code restrictions and requirements such as floor area ratios, height, setbacks, residential density, parking, and loading spaces. Additionally, it allowed newly created mezzanine floor areas to be deducted from the floor-area-ratio calculation. These three incentives helped spur a flurry of building activity.
2005年玩讳，洛杉磯市通過了一項(xiàng)適應(yīng)性再利用法令，鼓勵(lì)居民和企業(yè)搬遷到市中心扛禽，并修復(fù)現(xiàn)有的老建筑加以利用锋边。該條例加快了適應(yīng)性再利用項(xiàng)目的審查進(jìn)程，尤其是對于包含了一樓商業(yè)的功能轉(zhuǎn)換编曼。它免除了轉(zhuǎn)換項(xiàng)目的指標(biāo)限制和要求，比如建筑密度剩辟，建筑高度掐场，setbacks往扔，容積率，停車配置和裝載空間熊户。此外萍膛，它允許從容積率計(jì)算中扣除新創(chuàng)建的夾樓面積。這三項(xiàng)措施激勵(lì)了一系列建筑活動的展開嚷堡。
Adaptive reuse, infill construction, and brownfield development within city limits should take precedence over greenfield development. All urbanized areas should initiate creative legislation to encourage the adaptive reuse of their existing building inventory.
城市范圍內(nèi)的適應(yīng)性再利用蝗罗，填充施工和污染土地開發(fā)應(yīng)優(yōu)先于未開發(fā)土地開發(fā)。所有城市化地區(qū)都應(yīng)啟動創(chuàng)新立法蝌戒，鼓勵(lì)對現(xiàn)有存量建筑庫進(jìn)行適應(yīng)性再利用串塑。
