我們都知道動詞的變化性是很強的固逗,表示過去要加 ed ,表示正在要加 ing藕帜,表示被動要加 ed烫罩,表示單三要加 s,變成分詞作形容詞的時候表示主動要加ing洽故,表示被動要加 ed贝攒。
有的時候動詞說,我累了时甚,你們愛咋咋吧隘弊,我不變了哈踱。我們來看看這種情況。
首先看看關(guān)于 see 和 saw 的例句:
I see her dance on the bridge.
I saw her dance on the bridge.
無論是現(xiàn)在看見她在橋上跳舞梨熙,還是過去看見她在橋上跳舞开镣,dance 用原形就可以了。當然咽扇,也可以有其他的表述方式邪财,不過今天主要講動詞不變的情況,便暫不涉及质欲。
dance是vi树埠,我再舉個vt的例子。
I see her ride a bicycle on the bridge.
I saw her ride a bicycle on the bridge.
vt 只要后面加個名詞性成分就可以了嘶伟,動詞 ride 還是原形弥奸。
我們再來看hear和heard的例句:
I hear him scream in his room.
I heard him scream in his room.
再來看notice和noticed的例句:
I notice him steal a bag from a woman.
I noticed him steal a bag from a woman.
再來看watch和watched的例句:
I watch Bob kiss Jane.
I watched Bob kiss Jane.
模式是很簡單的,關(guān)鍵是我們得記住能匹配這種模式的詞奋早,比如上面的 see盛霎,hear,notice 和 watch耽装。其他的詞愤炸,我們看到了有英語水平很好的人用了這種模式,我們把那些詞也納入進來就好了掉奄。
聰明的讀者已經(jīng)觀察到“her dance ”规个、“her ride a bicycle”、“him scream”姓建、“him steal a bag”诞仓、“Bob kiss”這些語言成分中,動詞和前面的名詞性成分(人稱代詞屬于名詞性成分)都是主動性關(guān)系速兔,“她主動跳舞”墅拭,“他主動偷包”,等等涣狗,如果動詞和前面的名詞性成分是被動性關(guān)系的話谍婉,怎么辦呢?
答案是倔強的動詞只好無奈地接受變化镀钓,變成“被動分詞”(參見之前文章)穗熬。比如:
I see these flowers watered.
I saw these flowers watered.
I hear him shouted by his teacher.
I heard him shouted by his teacher.
I notice this bird released from this cage.
I noticed this bird released from this cage.
I watch Jane kissed by Bob.
I watched Jane kissed by Bob.
我們再來看看 have 和 make 這兩個詞。它們后面的動詞也很倔強丁溅。比如:
I have my cousin bring me my clothes.
I had my cousin bring me my clothes.
My mom makes me practice speaking English every night.
My mom made me practice speaking English every night.
make 和 have 在上面的例句中都可譯為“讓 或 使”唤蔗,區(qū)別是 make 的語氣更強,更有強制性。而如果動詞和前面的名詞性成分是被動性關(guān)系妓柜,那么動詞也要無奈地變成被動形式箱季,比如:
I have my clothes brought to me by my cousin.
I had my clothes brought to me by my cousin.
I make my son chased by a tiger to train him to run faster.
I made my son chased by a tiger to train him to run faster.
這里傷心地講一點,我查了一下领虹,“make sb/sth done”的這種用法似乎是不合英文語法的。我覺得又合邏輯求豫,又合模式塌衰,而且在凸顯強制性上,也是“have”無法替代的蝠嘉。所以 why not最疆? 當然,“have sb/sth done” 確實是又常見又合乎語法蚤告,不會引起爭議的努酸。
最后我們看看 suggest、propose杜恰、recommend 后面跟動詞原形的用法获诈。當然,這些詞每個都有很多種用法心褐,我們今天只聚焦于后面跟從句的用法舔涎。比如:
I suggest he exercise everyday to stay healthy.
I suggested he exercise everyday to stay healthy.
I propose he dance everyday to stay happy.
I proposed he dance everyday to stay happy.
I recommend he read books everyday to stay smart.
I recommended he read books everyday to stay smart.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn),無論單三與否逗爹,suggest 是原形還是加了ed亡嫌,動詞“exercise”、“dance”掘而、“read”始終是原形挟冠。但同樣的問題,“exercise”袍睡、“dance”知染、“read”和前面的名詞性成分“he”都是主動性關(guān)系,如果是被動性關(guān)系斑胜,會發(fā)生什么樣的變化呢持舆?我們看如下例句:
I suggest he be punished.
I suggested he be punished.
I propose the criminals be put into jail.
I proposed the criminals be put into jail.
I recommend the flowers be trimmed every week.
I recommended the flowers be trimmed every week.
變化已經(jīng)很明顯了,變原形為“被動分詞”伪窖,前面再加個“be動詞”的原形 be逸寓。
以上就是我對不變形的動詞(倔強的動詞),和在與身邊的名詞性成分有被動性關(guān)系的情況下不得不變形的動詞(無奈的動詞)的分析覆山。至于為什么是動詞原形竹伸,是省略了“to”,還是省略了“should”,喜歡思考的讀者可以繼續(xù)研究探討勋篓,我這里為了給大腦減負吧享,不作深究,只是希望通過以上的分析和例句譬嚣,讓大家熟悉這樣一種使用動詞的模式钢颂,并參照這種模式理解、創(chuàng)造語言拜银。
謝謝你讀完哦~你是最棒噠~