We could nothave been more disappointed about them when we used.
第一部分表達“可能性”
一灾馒、現(xiàn)在的可能性
通常情況下茎用，使用can表示可能性睬罗。
例如：Healthinsurance can be very expensive. (=It is sometimes expensive.)
在學(xué)術(shù)英語和科技英語中轨功，我們常用may。
Over-prescribingof antibiotics may lead to the rapid development of resistant strains.
常用may古涧，might和could表示特定的可能性：
This rashmay/might/could be a symptom of something more serious.
如何就可能性進行提問？
一般用Do you think發(fā)起董饰。
Do you thinkthe shops might be open today?
我們也可以用may well,
might well和could well表達較大的可能性蒿褂。
Don’t worry,the payment could well be in the post.
基于特定條件的可能性如何表達卒暂？
使用could或者might啄栓。
She couldlearn much more quickly if she paid attention.
如何表達“可能不”？
might not或者may not
The shop maynot be open today; it’s a public holiday.
如果確信某事“確定不…….”也祠，使用can’t昙楚。
You reallycan’t drive to Oxford in under an hour.
二、將來的可能性
1. 使用will/won’t be to able to 表示肯定和否定的可能性诈嘿。
We’ll beable to get a coffee at the theatre but we won’t be able to eat until after theshow.
2. 使用may, might或could談?wù)撐磥淼膭幼鞑皇呛艽_定
Thedirectors may call a stockholders’ meeting
3. could談?wù)摫萴ay和might更小的可能性
You neverknow, she could find a perfect jot tomorrow. (It’s possible, but unlikely)
注意：不能用could not或者couldn’t表達現(xiàn)在或?qū)矸浅２豢赡艿氖?/p>
有時堪旧，使用may/might+have+past
participle談?wù)搶砟骋粫r間節(jié)點可能完成的動作
例如：Call me nextThursday; I might have finished the project by then.
三奖亚、過去的可能性
could一般表示過去的可能性（有時發(fā)生）
Teacherscould be very strict at my old school. (=sometimes they were strict)
學(xué)術(shù)英語：
同樣的情況淳梦，在學(xué)術(shù)英語和科技英語中爆袍，使用might首繁。
WealthyVictorian families might employ as many as a dozen indoor servants.
使用could/might+have+past
participle表示過去特定的可能性
She mighthave done it; she had the opportunity and the motive.
使用might have表示過去的機會，但是沒有抓住胁塞。
I might havegone to drama school, but I chose history instead. (I had the opportunity but Idid’t go)
第二部分 表達“推測”
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一、對現(xiàn)在的推測
1压语、如果有證據(jù)使我們強烈相信，使用must或have to
This mustbe the place – it’s the only bookstore in the street.
如果我們想強調(diào)蒙谓，則使用have (got) to
You havegot to be joking! That was not a foul!
There hasto be some mistake. I didn’t order this furniture.
如果堅信不是真的斥季，或者不可能，使用can’t或couldn’t
Hecan’t/couldn’t be he senior doctor, he’s far too young. (=I’m certain he isn’t)
She can’tbe working at the moment – I see her in the garden every morning.
注意：在這種情況下累驮，不能使用mustn’t
我們可以使用can和could在wh-的問題中酣倾，或者帶有only或hardly的句子中
Who canthat be at this time of night?
It canhardly be the postman. He only comes in the morning.
It canonly be Jack. He’s the only one with a key. (=I’m sure it is Jack)
使用might在tentative (less direct)的問題中：
Might thelosses be due to currently fluctuations?
在非正式英語中，增加well表示推測程度可能性的增大谤专。
Let’scall the hospital. There may well be some news now.
使用couldn’t表示無法想象躁锡，因為不愿意做。
Icouldn’t pick up spider; they terrify me.
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二置侍、對現(xiàn)在和將來的期待
should/shouldn’t或ought
to/ought not to表示期待——期待現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在發(fā)生映之，因為我們已有的知識或者當(dāng)前的情況。
The planetook off on time so it should be landing about now and there shouldn’t be anydelays.
注意：幾乎不用should表示對消極情況或者不愉快情況（unpleasant）的predict蜡坊。使用will杠输。
There’llbe problems with traffic at that time. The roads will be awful.
三、對過去的推測
注意：
常用can’t+have或者couldn’t + have表達驚訝或不相信
Shecouldn’t have done it; she’s such a nice woman.
You can’thave been waiting for long – I only went out five minutes ago!
第三部分 責(zé)任和必要
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一秕衙、現(xiàn)在和將來的責(zé)任
don’t
have to和don’t need to表示沒有責(zé)任
You don’thave to pay to visit most museums in the UK.
must常用情況：
在書面說明中蠢甲，經(jīng)常使用被動。
Theelectricity must always be switched off before repairs are attempted.
must据忘，should表示將來的責(zé)任
won’t
have to , won’t need to或者needn’t表示將來沒有責(zé)任鹦牛。
二、現(xiàn)在和將來的必要
need to勇吊，must和have to表示必要性曼追，但不是命令、規(guī)則和法律汉规，或表示非常重要的事礼殊。
Allliving beings need to take in sustenance in order to live.
Allliving beings must take in sustenance in order to live.
Allliving beings have to take in sustenance in order to live.
I reallyneed to be going now. I’m meeting Jack in half an hour.
We’llneed to set up a more intensive training regime.
如果表達必要性，但不表示誰應(yīng)該做，使用need + -ing的形式膏燕。
That poorbird – his cage really needs cleaning.
使用don’t need to或者needn’t表達說話者感覺沒有責(zé)任钥屈。
Weneedn’t put the heating on yet; it’s not cold enough.
三、過去的責(zé)任和必要
一般使用had to
使用should have done表示過去未完成的責(zé)任
注意：不用must表示責(zé)任
Therecord was finally released 18 months later than it should have been.
是哦有那個didn’t have to或didn’t need to表示過去沒有責(zé)任
注意：need兩種形式的差別
We didn’tneed to take warm sweaters, as the weather was so good.
(We don’tknow if the speaker took warm sweaters or not)
Weneedn’t have taken warm sweaters. We could have used the space in our luggagefor more books!
四坝辫、其他形式表示職責(zé)
be to來自某人或權(quán)威機構(gòu)的命令
be
supposed to表lesser obligation篷就，經(jīng)常被忽略
be liable
to經(jīng)常用于法律條文
be
required to用時正式文體
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第四部分禁止和批評
一、現(xiàn)在和將來的禁止
使用must not (常mustn’t)
來自外來權(quán)威的禁止:
can’t/aren’tallowed to
isprohibited/forbidden
it isprohibited/forbidden to
may notuse: Hotel guests may not use the poll after 11 pm.
將來: won’t be allowed to或者can’t 表示對將來禁止
二近忙、過去的禁止和批評
couldn’t或wasn’t
allowed對過去的禁止
注意：不使用must 表批評竭业。
用might/could have done表示較弱的批評
You might have told me aboutthe party!
第五部分確定、習(xí)慣和意愿
1及舍、現(xiàn)在和將來的確定
我們相信某事是確定的未辆，但不知道是不是事實，用will或者won’t.
He’s coming. He’ll be on hisway now.
I hope she’s taken somewinter clothes because it won’t be warm at this time of year.
對于正在發(fā)生的事情锯玛，使用will/won’t + be + -ing的形式
He knows his succeor will behaving a hard time in his job.
如果知道某事為事實咐柜，比如有獨立的證據(jù)，我們使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)攘残，正在發(fā)生的事情則使用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)拙友。
He’s in Moscow. He called mefrom his hotel.
另外一種情況：
Sometimes we wish to make a
predication about the futre that someone made in the past.使用would/woudn’t。
We had to hurry to get him tothe hospital. It would be too late otherwise.
2.過去的確定
To refer to sth which we feelcertain has happened (but do not acturally knwo), we use:
will have pp.
We sent the invitation onMonday, so they will have received it by now.
similar: must have pp
使用won’t have pp to refer to sthwe feel certain has not happened
We sent the invitation onMonday, so they won’t have received it by now.
不用Mustn’t歼郭，但可以用can’t
We sent the invitations bysencond-class post. They can’t have received them yet.
三遗契、現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣和routine
will或won’t，表示習(xí)慣和routine病曾，且可預(yù)測牍蜂。
Every lessen is the same:he’ll sit down, get his books out and then he’ll start giving us instructions.He won’t greet us.
注意：we can extend this use ofwill to talk about attitudes and charactersitics.
The public will always sidewith the nurses in any dispute.
Thedominant male in this species will not tolerate the presence of other males.
但如果陳述簡單事實，則使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)泰涂。
可以使用will或一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)鲫竞，談?wù)揳spects of capacity orability.
Thehall will hold 10,000 people.
說話中，使用will描述an annoying habit或批評负敏。
We enjoy going out with them, but they will arguein public!
注意：we do not contract will when we use it in thisway – we stress it.
He will leave the lights on when he’s last out ofthe office!
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使用will/won’t談?wù)摲巧矬w贡茅。
Whatever I do, my car won’t start first time oncold mornings.
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四、過去的習(xí)慣和routines.
would/wouldn’t表示
在說話時其做，我們強調(diào)would/wouldn’t表示批評或談?wù)?/b>an annoying habit顶考。
would/wouldn’t談?wù)摲巧矬w。
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五妖泄、現(xiàn)在和將來的意愿
使用will表示我們同意做的事驹沿，表示愿意做。
He will act as referee today since Jack can’tmake it.
will或won’t在if引導(dǎo)的first conditional表示禮貌的要求蹈胡。
If you’ll take a seat for a moment, he will bewith you soon.
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使用won’t/shan’t表示拒絕
His secretary won’t book my flights. She says itisn’t in her job description.
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六渊季、過去的意愿
使用would/wouldn’t表示過去的意愿或拒絕朋蔫。
Dad would always help us with our maths homework.
注意：不使用would表示某個特定場合的意愿，但是可以使用would not表示對某一特定場合的拒絕却汉。
The tour guide was very helpful. Shecontacted/offered to contact/was willing to contact the Consulate for me when Ilost my passport.
The shop assistant wouldn’t change this jumperfor me, even though I hadn’t worn it.
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第六部分其他的情態(tài)動詞
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一驯妄、允許
過去的允許，通常用could/couldn’t
In the 1950sBritish children could leave school at the age of fourteen.
二合砂、建議
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