The art of misdirection

TED簡介：阿波羅·羅賓被譽(yù)為世界上最偉大的扒手，他通過偷手表來了解人類的行為習(xí)慣裁着。 通過一場生動有趣的演示，羅賓在TEDGlobal 2013現(xiàn)場隨機(jī)選擇參與者拱她，向我們演示了認(rèn)知中的瑕疵使得他能夠在參與者毫不知情的情況下成功竊取錢包二驰，并將其放在參與者肩上。

演講者：Apollo Robbins阿波羅·羅賓

片長：08：45

公眾號TED與紀(jì)錄片里有MP3音頻秉沼，可在路上聽

中英對照翻譯

Do you think it's possible to control someone's attention??Even more than that, what about predicting human behavior??I think those are interesting ideas.?For me, that would be the perfect superpower,actually kind of an evil way of approaching it.?But for myself, in the past, I've spent the last 20 yearsstudying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way:?picking pockets.

你們覺得人的注意力是可控制的嗎桶雀？或者更進(jìn)一步，人的行為可預(yù)知嗎唬复？如果可以的話矗积，我覺得這些想法很有趣。對我來說敞咧，這些會是完美的超能力棘捣，只不過是有點(diǎn)邪惡罷了。過去20年休建，我一直在用一種非傳統(tǒng)的方式觀察人類行為：小偷小摸乍恐。

When we think of misdirection,we think of something as looking off to the side,?when actually the things right in front of us?are often the hardest to see,?the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.

提到錯誤引導(dǎo)，我們總覺得是將注意力放在事物的其他方面测砂，但實(shí)際上茵烈，往往在我們眼前的事情是最難被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，那些你天天看到的東西反而是你的盲點(diǎn)砌些。

For example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now??Great. Double-check.?Make sure you still have them.?I was doing some shopping before.You've looked at them a few times today,?but I'll ask you a question.

舉個例子呜投，現(xiàn)場有多少人身上帶了手機(jī)？很好，再檢查一遍仑荐，確保手機(jī)還在身上雕拼，因?yàn)槲覄偛旁趫鱿罗D(zhuǎn)了轉(zhuǎn)。你今天估計已經(jīng)看過好幾次手機(jī)了释漆，但我接下來要問你們一個問題悲没。

Without looking at it directly yet,?can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner??Bring them out, check and see how accurate you were.?How'd you do??Show of hands. Did we get it?

不要看你的手機(jī)，你能記得屏幕右下角是什么圖標(biāo)嗎男图？現(xiàn)在拿出手機(jī)示姿，看一下，你猜對了嗎逊笆？怎么樣栈戳？猜對的請舉手。

Now that you're done, close them down.?Every phone has something in common.?No matter how you organize the icons,?you still have a clock on the front.?So, without looking at your phone, what time was it??You just looked at your clock, right??Interesting idea.?Let's take that a step further with a game of trust.Close your eyes.?I realize I'm asking you to do that while you just heard?there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.

好了难裆，請放下手機(jī)子檀。每一部手機(jī)都有一個共同點(diǎn)，那就是無論你如何整理圖標(biāo)乃戈，你的首頁都會顯示時間褂痰。那么，不看手機(jī)症虑，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了缩歪？你們之前剛剛看了時間，不是嗎谍憔？非常有意思匪蝙。接下來，我們把這個游戲更進(jìn)一步习贫。閉上眼睛逛球。?我意識到我剛才告訴你們我是個小偷，?現(xiàn)在卻要讓你們閉眼睛苫昌，但還是請閉上颤绕。

Now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds.?With your eyes closed, what am I wearing??Make your best guess.?What color is my shirt? What color is my tie??Now open your eyes.?Show of hands, were you right??Interesting, isn't it?

到目前為止，你們觀察我已經(jīng)至少有30秒了祟身。請告訴我屋厘，我穿的什么衣服？盡力想月而。我的襯衫是什么顏色汗洒？領(lǐng)帶是什么顏色？現(xiàn)在請睜開眼睛父款。如果你猜對了溢谤，請舉手瞻凤。

Some of us are a little bit more perceptive than others, it seems.?But I have a different theory about that model of attention.?They have fancy models of attention, Posner's trinity model of attention.?For me, I like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system.?It's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors,?and inside your brain is a little security guard.

很有趣對不對？有些人的感知能力比其他人要強(qiáng)一些世杀，至少看起來是這樣阀参。關(guān)于這種注意力模式，我有另外一種解釋瞻坝。注意力模式的理論有很多蛛壳，比如波斯納的三位一體注意力模式。我喜歡把它想得簡單一點(diǎn)所刀，就像一個監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)衙荐。就好像你有許許多多的感覺器官，在你的大腦內(nèi)有一個小小保安人員浮创。

For me, I like to call him Frank.?So Frank is sitting at a desk.He's got lots of cool information in front of him,?high-tech equipment, he's got cameras,?he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears,?all these senses, all these perceptions.?But attention is what steers your perceptions,?it's what controls your reality.?It's the gateway to the mind.?If you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it.

我先暫且把它稱作弗蘭克忧吟。弗蘭克坐在桌子旁，他眼前有各種各樣的信息斩披，高科技裝置溜族、照相機(jī)，還有能接聽訊息的手機(jī)垦沉，各種感覺和知覺煌抒。但是注意力是能引導(dǎo)你的認(rèn)知的東西，它掌控你看到的現(xiàn)實(shí)厕倍，它是通往你的心靈的大門寡壮。如果你不注意某個東西，你就不會察覺到它绑青。

But ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it.For example, the cocktail effect:?You're in a party, having conversations with someone,?and yet you can recognize your name?without realizing you were listening to that.

有意思的是，你也會在自己不察覺的情況下注意到某個東西屋群。這就是為什么會有雞尾酒效應(yīng)：所謂雞尾酒效應(yīng)闸婴，是指當(dāng)你在一個派對上專心與某人交談時，卻能立馬聽到你的名字芍躏，而你都沒有意識到自己在聽那個另外的對話邪乍。

Now, for my job, I have to play with techniques to exploit this,?to play with your attention as a limited resource.?So if I could control how you spend your attention,?if I could maybe steal your attention through a distraction.?Now, instead of doing it like misdirection?and throwing it off to the side,?instead, what I choose to focus on is Frank,?to be able to play with the Frank inside your head,?your security guard,?and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses,?just to go internal for a second.

我的工作就是充分利用這個效應(yīng)，玩弄你們有限的注意力对竣。來看看我能不能控制你支配自己的注意力的方式庇楞，看看我能不能通過干擾來竊取你的注意力。現(xiàn)在否纬，與其進(jìn)行錯誤引導(dǎo)并將其轉(zhuǎn)移到其他方面吕晌，我選擇的是專注于弗蘭克，與你腦中的弗蘭克临燃，也就是那個小保安睛驳，游戲一場烙心，讓你暫時不專注于外部感知，而是專注于內(nèi)部感知乏沸。

So if I ask you to access a memory, like, what is that??What just happened? Do you have a wallet??Do you have an American Express in your wallet??And when I do that, your Frank turns around.?He accesses the file. He has to rewind the tape.?What's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape?at the same time that he's trying to process new data.

如果我讓你讀取一段記憶淫茵，比如：這是什么？剛才發(fā)生了什么蹬跃？你有錢包嗎匙瘪？你錢包里有運(yùn)通卡（信用卡）嗎？當(dāng)我問這些問題的時候蝶缀，弗蘭克轉(zhuǎn)過身去丹喻，他去找資料，他必須倒帶扼劈。但有趣的是驻啤，他在處理新信息的時候不能進(jìn)行倒帶這一任務(wù)。

This sounds like a good theory,?but I could talk for a long time, tell you lots of things,?and a portion of them may be true,?but I think it's better if I tried to show that to you here live.?If I come down, I'm going to do a bit of shopping.?Just hold still where you are.

這聽起來是個挺棒的理論荐吵，我可以講很久骑冗，告訴你們很多東西，它們中有一些可能是真的先煎，但是我認(rèn)為當(dāng)場演示效果會更好贼涩。所以如果我走下臺，我又要逛一下了薯蝎。請保持原地不動遥倦。

Hello, how are you? It's lovely to see you.?Wonderful job onstage.?Lovely watch, it doesn't come off very well.?Do you have a ring as well??Good. Just taking inventory. You're like a buffet.?Hard to tell where to start, so many great things.

你好，見到你很高興占锯。你在臺上的演講很棒袒哥。你的手表不錯，但有點(diǎn)不好取消略。你有戒指嗎堡称？很好，只是清點(diǎn)一下艺演。你們簡直就像豐盛的自助餐廳却紧，不知道從兒哪開始啊，這么多好東西胎撤。

Hi, how are you? Good to see you.

你好晓殊，很高興見到你。

Hi, sir, could you stand up, please? Just right where you are.?You're married, you follow directions well.Nice to meet you, sir.?You don't have a lot in your pockets. Anything down here??Hopefully so. Have a seat. There you go. You're doing well.

先生你好伤提，能麻煩你站起來一下嗎巫俺？站在原地就好。哦肿男，你結(jié)婚了识藤，不錯砚著。很高興見到你，先生痴昧。你的口袋里似乎沒什么東西稽穆，下面口袋還有什么嗎？希望有吧赶撰，請坐舌镶。謝謝！

Hi, sir, how are you??Good to see you, sir. You have a ring, a watch.?Do you have a wallet on you? Joe: I don't.

先生你好豪娜！很高興見到你餐胀，你戴了戒指，還有手表瘤载。您身上有錢包嗎否灾？喬：沒有。

AR: Well, we'll find one for you. Come on up this way, Joe.?Give Joe a round of applause. Come on up, Joe. Let's play a game.

羅賓：很好鸣奔，待會兒我找一個給你墨技。請往這邊走，喬挎狸。請為喬鼓掌扣汪。喬，請上臺锨匆，讓我們玩?zhèn)€游戲崭别。

AR: Pardon me.?I don't think I need this clicker anymore.?Thank you very much. I appreciate that.?Come on up to the stage, Joe. Let's play a little game now.?Anything in your front pockets?

不好意思。我覺得我不需要這個遙控器了恐锣，給你吧茅主。謝謝，非常感謝土榴！請上臺诀姚，喬。我們玩?zhèn)€游戲吧鞭衩！你前面的褲袋里有什么東西嗎学搜？

J: Money.

AR: Money! All right, let's try that.?Can you stand right over this way for me??Turn around and, let's see,?if I give you something that belongs to me,?this is just something I have,?a poker chip.?Hold out your hand for me.?Watch it closely.?This is a task for you to focus on.?You have your money in your front pocket?

喬：現(xiàn)金娃善。羅賓：現(xiàn)金论衍，很好，讓我們試試聚磺。你能站到這邊來嗎坯台？請轉(zhuǎn)過來。嗯瘫寝，如果我把我的東西給你蜒蕾，我有一枚撲克籌碼稠炬，把你的手拿出來，看好了∵浞龋現(xiàn)在需要你專注地做一件事首启。你前面褲袋里有現(xiàn)金，對嗎撤摸？

J: Yup. AR: Good.I won't put my hand in your pocket. I'm not ready for that kind of commitment.?Once a guy had a hole in his pocket,?and that was rather traumatizing for me.?I wanted his wallet, he gave me his number.?Big miscommunication.

喬：是的毅桃。

羅賓：很好，我可沒打算把手伸到你口袋里准夷，我還沒準(zhǔn)備好心理準(zhǔn)備钥飞。之前有一次碰到一個人，他的口袋里有個洞衫嵌，那次經(jīng)歷給我留下了巨大的心理陰影读宙。我本來是在找他的錢包，結(jié)果他給了我他的電話號碼楔绞。真是個巨大的誤會结闸。

Let's do this simply. Squeeze your hand tight.?Do you feel the poker chip in your hand?

J: I do.

AR: Would you be surprised if I took it? Say yes.

J: Very. AR: Good.

我們開始吧，請握緊你的手墓律。緊緊地握著膀估，能感覺到手中的籌碼嗎？

喬：能耻讽。

羅賓：如果我能將它從你手中取出察纯，你會驚訝嗎？請說“會”针肥。

喬：我會非常驚訝饼记。羅賓：很好。

Open your hand. Thank you very much.?I'll cheat if you give me a chance.?Make it harder for me. Just use your hand.?Grab my wrist, but squeeze, squeeze firm.?Did you see it go?

Joe: No.

張開手謝謝慰枕！?如果你稍有疏忽具则，我是會作弊的。現(xiàn)在給我加大點(diǎn)難度具帮。用你的手抓住我的手腕博肋，死死地抓緊。你看到籌碼溜走了嗎蜂厅？喬：沒有匪凡。

AR: No, it's not here. Open your hand.?While we're focused on the hand, it's sitting on your shoulder.?Go ahead and take it off.?Now, let's try that again.?Hold your hand out flat. Open it up.?Put your hand up a little bit higher, but watch it close.?If I did it slowly, it'd be on your shoulder.

羅賓：沒有，但它不在這掘猿，張開手病游。看到了吧稠通，當(dāng)我們專注于手的時候衬衬，它其實(shí)已經(jīng)落到了你的肩膀上买猖。請將它取下。現(xiàn)在滋尉，讓我們再來一遍玉控。把手張開，張到最大狮惜。請稍微抬起一點(diǎn)奸远，但是要緊緊看著它看，如果我動作慢一點(diǎn)讽挟，它還是會回到你肩膀上懒叛。

Joe, we're going to keep doing this till you catch it.?You'll get it eventually. I have faith in you.?Squeeze firm. You're human, you're not slow.?It's back on your shoulder.?You were focused on your hand, distracted.?While you were watching, I couldn't get your watch off.?Yet you had something inside your pocket.?Do you remember what it was?

喬，我們可以一直這樣做耽梅，直到你抓住它為止薛窥。你最終會抓住它的，我相信你眼姐。抓緊了诅迷。作為人類，你動作敏捷众旗。它又回到你肩膀上了罢杉。剛才你一直專注于你的手，所以你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移了贡歧。當(dāng)你專注手的時候滩租，我不能取下你的手表，太難了利朵。但是你前方口袋里還有東西律想，你還記得里面裝著什么嗎？

J: Money.

AR: Check your pocket. Is it still there?Oh, there it was. Put it away.?We're just shopping.?This trick's more about the timing.?I'm going to try to push it inside your hand.?Put your other hand on top, would you??It's amazingly obvious now, isn't it?Looks a lot like the watch I was wearing, doesn't it?

喬：現(xiàn)金

羅賓：檢查下你的口袋绍弟，看看現(xiàn)金還在不在技即，還在嗎？（笑聲）哦樟遣，它在這兒呢而叼，請將它放回去。我們只是到處看看豹悬。這個游戲更多的是對時間的把握葵陵。我接下來會把它放在你手里。能把你的另一只手放在上面嗎屿衅？這一切出乎意料的顯而易見埃难，不是嗎莹弊？這很像我現(xiàn)在帶著的手表涤久，對嗎涡尘？

J: That's pretty good. AR: Oh, thanks.

喬：這太神奇了。羅賓：謝謝响迂！

But it's only a start. Let's try it a little bit differently.?Hold your hands together. Your other hand on top.?If you're watching this little token,?this obviously has become a little target, like a red herring.?If we watch this kind of close, it looks like it goes away.?It's not back on your shoulder.?It falls out of the air, lands right back in the hand.

這僅僅是個開始考抄。我們再來一次，但這次有點(diǎn)不同蔗彤。把你的手放在一起川梅，把另一只手放在上面，當(dāng)你在注視這枚籌碼的時候然遏，這就成了一個小目標(biāo)贫途，就像是紅色的鯡魚。如果我們認(rèn)真盯著它待侵，好像它已經(jīng)溜走了丢早。這次它不在你肩膀上，它從空中掉下來秧倾，落在了手上怨酝。

Did you see it go??Yeah, funny. We've got a little guy. He's union, works up there all day.?If I do it slowly it goes straight away, it lands by your pocket.?Is it in this pocket, sir??Don't reach in your pocket. That's a different show

看清楚了嗎？嗯那先，是很有趣农猬。上面有個人，跟我一伙兒的售淡，整天干這事兒斤葱。如果我做得慢點(diǎn)，它馬上就溜走了揖闸，這次它降落在你的口袋里了苦掘。在你的口袋里嗎？?別楔壤，別把手伸進(jìn)口袋鹤啡，那是另外一個節(jié)目。

That's rather strange. They have shots for that.?Can I show them? Rather bizarre. Is this yours, sir??I have no idea how that works. We'll send that over there.

這是有點(diǎn)兒奇怪蹲嚣，可以打針递瑰。我能給大家展示一下這個嗎？真奇怪隙畜。先生抖部，請問這是你的嗎？?我不知道這是怎么回事议惰。我們把它放那兒就好了慎颗。

I need help with this one.?Step over this way for me.?Don't run away. You had something down by your pants pocket.?I was checking mine. I couldn't find everything,?but I noticed you had something here.?Can I feel the outside for a moment??Down here I noticed this. Is this something of yours, sir??I have no idea. That's a shrimp.

很好，我這兒需要一點(diǎn)幫助。請站到這邊來俯萎。請別跑傲宜，你褲子口袋里還有點(diǎn)兒東西。我在找夫啊，可是怎么也找不到函卒，但我注意到你那兒似乎有點(diǎn)東西。我能摸一下你的口袋外面嗎撇眯？我發(fā)現(xiàn)了這玩意兒报嵌。先生，請問這是你的嗎熊榛？是嗎锚国？我完全不知道是怎么回事，那是一只蝦玄坦。

J: Yeah. I'm saving it for later.

AR: You've entertained all of these people in a wonderful way,?better than you know.?So we'd love to give you this lovely watch as a gift.Hopefully it matches his taste.?We have a couple of other things,?a little bit of cash.?And we have a few other things,?these all belong to you,?along with a big round of applause from all your friends.

喬：嗯跷叉，這是我為晚點(diǎn)時間準(zhǔn)備的。

羅賓：你給在場所有人帶來了歡樂营搅，比你想象的還要好云挟。所以我想把這塊手表送給你以示感謝（笑聲），希望它合你口味转质。此外园欣，我還有其他禮物要送給你，一點(diǎn)現(xiàn)金休蟹，還有點(diǎn)其他東西沸枯，這些都是你的，還有來自現(xiàn)場朋友的熱烈掌聲赂弓。

Joe, thank you very much.

喬：謝謝绑榴。

So, same question I asked you before,?but this time you don't have to close your eyes.?What am I wearing?

那么，我想再問一遍最開始的問題盈魁，但這次不需要你們閉上眼睛翔怎，我今天穿了什么？

Audience: Oh!

Attention is a powerful thing.?Like I said, it shapes your reality.?So, I guess I'd like to pose that question to you.?If you could control somebody's attention,?what would you do with it?

注意力是非常強(qiáng)大的東西杨耙。正如我之前所說的赤套，它決定了你的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界。所以珊膜，我想問大家一個問題容握，如果你能控制一個人的注意力，?你會用它做什么车柠？

Thank you.(Applause)

謝謝（掌聲）