全部倒裝和部分倒裝: 如果謂語在主語前面, 就是倒裝語序. 倒裝語序又分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝. 在全部倒裝的句子中, 整個(gè)謂語都放在主語的前面:
Here are some registered letters for you.
In came a man with a white beard.
在部分倒裝的句子中只是謂語中的一部分(如助動詞, 情態(tài)動詞, 或系動詞be等)放在主語前面, 其余部分仍在主語后面:
Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.
Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.
以neither, nor, so等開始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句), 助動詞或be置于主語前.
“We must start for the work-site now”. “So must we.”
I am quite willing to help and so are the others.
He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.
“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”
如果一個(gè)句子只是重復(fù)前面一句話的意思, 盡管是用so開頭, 語序也不要顛倒.
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”
“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”
當(dāng)句首狀語為never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定詞或有否定意義的詞語時(shí), 一般引起部分倒裝.
No longer are they staying with us.
No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.
表示位置或方向的副詞提前, 謂語動詞為go, come等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動作動詞而主語又較長時(shí), 通常用全部倒裝:
There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.
There comes the bus!
Now comes your turn.
1.如果主語是代詞, 仍用正常語序:
There comes your turn.
有here引起, 謂語為be的句子, 也要倒裝:
Here is China’s largest tropical forest.
Here are some picture-books.
2.如果主語是代詞, 仍用正常語序:
Here we are. This is the new railway station.
“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”
3.表語和系動詞提前:
介詞短語: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.
Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.
形容詞: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.
副詞: Below is a restaurant.
Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.
分詞: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
Standing beside the table was an interpreter.
4 句首狀語若由only + 副詞, only + 介詞詞組, only + 狀語從句構(gòu)成, 引起局部倒裝:
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
有not only開頭的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒裝:
Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.
主謂一致
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】
1挠轴、Nothing but cars in the shop.
A.is sold B.are sold C.were sold D.are going to sell
2渤昌、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are known
3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.
A.is B.are C.comes D.are coming
4葵萎、of the money used up.
A.Three-five, are B.Three-fifths, have been
C.Three-fifths, has been D.Third-fifths, is
5分蓖、The number of the people who cars increasing.
A.owns, are B.owns, is C.own, is D.own, are
6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.
A.was B.were C.would be D.are
7裹赴、The sheets for your bed washing.
A.needs B.are needing C.want D.are wanting
8喜庞、On each side of the street a lot of trees.
A.stands B.grow C.is standing D.are grown
9、Some person calling for you at the gate.
A.are B.is C.is being D.will be
10棋返、All that can be eaten up.
A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been
參考答案：
1延都、A 因有連詞but，所以謂語形式跟Nothing一致睛竣，用第三人稱單數(shù)晰房。
2、B 同上
3、B
4殊者、C
5与境、C 定語從句看被修飾的先行詞：the number of作主語用單數(shù)形式。
6幽污、A
7嚷辅、C
8、B 倒裝句距误，要看后面的主語簸搞。
9、B some person指“某人”是第三人稱單數(shù)准潭。見講解13趁俊。
10、B 主語“all”指的是“food”刑然，所以代不可數(shù)名詞寺擂，是第三人稱單數(shù)。
被動式: 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時(shí), 不定式一般要用被動形式.
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
功用: 不定式可以作主語(a), 賓語(b), 表語(c), 定語(d) 或是狀語(e).
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
不帶to 的不定式:
在“動詞+ 賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 如果動詞是表示感覺意義的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意義的have, make, let等, 其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不帶to.
John made her tell him everything.
這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時(shí), 后面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式.
She was made to tell him everything.
在had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 動詞不定式也不帶to.
I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
They cannot but accept his term.
在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不帶to的動詞不定式.
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.
I've heard tell of him.
在動詞help(或help +賓語)之后可用不帶to的不定式, 也可用帶to的不定式.
Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?
在介詞except, but 之后, 如果其前有動詞do的某種形式, 不定式一般不帶to, 反之帶to.
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.
Smith will do anything but work on a farm.
There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
連詞rather than, sooner than 置于句首時(shí), 其后的不定式不帶to.
Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.
出現(xiàn)在句中其他位置時(shí), 其后的不定式有時(shí)帶to, 有時(shí)不帶to.
He decided to write rather than telephone.
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.
用作補(bǔ)語的動詞不定式, 如果主語是由“all + 關(guān)系分句”泼掠，“thing +關(guān)系分句”怔软，“what分句”或“thing +不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”等構(gòu)成，并帶有do的某種形式择镇，這時(shí)挡逼，作為主語補(bǔ)語的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.
What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is complete the form
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.
The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.
