Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英譯漢)

(60 point) The time for this section is 100 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation (必譯題)

(30 points)

It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.

With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here.

“With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this,” Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen’s cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. “That is a fortune for people like us,” he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.

But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a “mother boat” equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river’s main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.

A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.

In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants’ less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations.

“The industrial fishing boats, the big 20- to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,” said the president of the local fishermen’s union. “They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.”

Part B Optional Translations (二選一)

(30 points)

Topic 1 (選題一)

Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open trade—free of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government distortions—improves the well-being of both parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called “comparative advantage”.

Here’s a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, it’s more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time.

By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits, That, anyway, has always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lowerwage country also captures the advanced industry?

If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power.

“Free trade is not always a win-win situation,” Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any service performed in the United States.

If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow, he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have.

Topic 2 (選題二)

Uganda’s eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren’s smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country.

Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector providing the majority if schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places.

Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money on preventive care and better public health information.

Current government plants include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units.

Uganda’s high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa.

The government’s newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the “restoration of security” at the top of the current government agenda. This is because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not only a financial burden, they are unable to the economy.

The other core challenges identified by the revised PEAP are finding ways to keep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving people more control over the size of their families and using public resources transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could learn from.

Section 1: 英譯漢 (60分)

Part A (必譯題)(30分)

在亞馬遜河的這一支流上捕魚的農(nóng)民就希望遇上那天的情況主巍。

旱季最缺水的時候溉旋，河面迅速下降，一大群鱸魚正游進(jìn)從十幾只小船上撒下的網(wǎng)里。鱸魚味道鮮美澜共，能在市場上賣個好價錢。

“要是運(yùn)氣不錯色瘩，趕上今天這種情況，就能掙350美元逸寓，”勞魯?蘇扎?阿爾梅達(dá)說道居兆。他是當(dāng)?shù)貪O民合作社的一位負(fù)責(zé)人。他一邊興高采烈地說著竹伸，一邊擺好了架式準(zhǔn)備干活泥栖。他說：“對我們這樣的人來說，這可是一大筆錢呀勋篓“上恚”因?yàn)榫退阋粋€人運(yùn)氣好，能找到工作譬嚣，按最低工資計(jì)算钢颂，要四個月才能掙這么些錢挡爵。

然而就在不遠(yuǎn)的地方氧敢，有一只大型商業(yè)漁船在游弋梧宫，那是一只“母船”妓局，備有巨大的儲藏冰柜兑障，還拖著十幾只小船未状。船員都在船上等候配乱，等到剩余的魚進(jìn)入主河道以后拐纱，他們就用高效率的刺網(wǎng)進(jìn)行捕撈泵督，能撈多少趾盐，就撈多少。

亞馬遜河在世界上是物產(chǎn)豐富的標(biāo)志小腊，到它現(xiàn)在正經(jīng)受一場過量捕魚的危機(jī)谤碳。隨著人們最喜愛的各種魚類數(shù)量日漸減少，到了令人擔(dān)憂的地步溢豆，靠打魚糊口的漁民和他們商業(yè)對手之間的緊張關(guān)系也日益加劇蜒简，因?yàn)檫@些對手一心想著裝滿自己的船艙，以滿足巴西乃至國外城里人越來越大的吃魚胃口漩仙。 針對這種情況搓茬，亞馬遜河沿岸的農(nóng)民群眾，在巴西境內(nèi)也好队他，在秘魯?shù)揉弴埠镁砺兀娂姵闪⒑献魃纾郧罂刂撇遏~量麸折，增加河湖中魚的數(shù)量锡凝。但是，這方面的努力雖日見成效垢啼，卻促使那些為商業(yè)目的而捕魚的機(jī)構(gòu)以及附近一些不大守規(guī)矩的農(nóng)民加緊進(jìn)行掠奪窜锯。

“那些工業(yè)化的漁船张肾，二、三十噸位的锚扎，他們的想法跟我們這些手工操作的漁民不一樣吞瞪，我們懂得考慮怎樣保護(hù)環(huán)境，”當(dāng)?shù)氐臐O業(yè)工會主席說道驾孔∩指眩“他們想用拖網(wǎng)一網(wǎng)打盡，然后有上別處去打翠勉。我們出力妖啥，他們受益，弄得我們一無所有对碌【Ｊ”

Part B 二選一題

(30分)

選題一

自從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家李嘉圖于1817年提出基本理論以來，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的經(jīng)典著作都說自由貿(mào)易免除關(guān)稅俭缓、限額和補(bǔ)貼克伊，也沒有政府的其他小動作，因此會增加雙方的利益华坦。美國的政策是不遺余力地實(shí)行這一理論愿吹。為什么說自由貿(mào)易可以使大家普遍受益呢?這可以在所謂“相對優(yōu)勢”的理論中找到答案。

打個簡單的比方惜姐，假如一位外科醫(yī)生犁跪，既擅長動手術(shù)，又會做常規(guī)的驗(yàn)血工作歹袁，要取得較好的效益坷衍，就應(yīng)讓她集中精力做手術(shù)，同時雇一個能力較差的技術(shù)員去搞化驗(yàn)条舔，因?yàn)檫@樣就能讓這位外科醫(yī)生最有效的利用自己的時間枫耳。

引申而言，雖然美國既擅長發(fā)明高級的生物技術(shù)孟抗，有精于日常的藥品生產(chǎn)迁杨，明智的做法還是把藥品生產(chǎn)從美國轉(zhuǎn)移至生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用更低的國家。這樣凄硼，美國人就可以一方面因廉價產(chǎn)品獲利铅协，一方面把自己的資源用來從事更有價值的事業(yè)。這一向就是討論問題的前提摊沉。但是現(xiàn)在薩繆爾森卻提出了不同的看法狐史。如果低工資國家也掌握了先進(jìn)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，怎么辦? 據(jù)他估計(jì)，假如把過多的美國工人失去的較高工資的工作包到國外去骏全，美國從廉價商品的獲益不見得能補(bǔ)償它購買力下降造成的損失苍柏。

薩繆爾森斷言：“自由貿(mào)易并不總是一種雙贏的局面∫魑拢”他說序仙，當(dāng)今世界這個問題尤其突出突颊。因?yàn)橄裼《群椭袊@樣的大國鲁豪，他們的工資低的多，可是他們的能力有在不斷提高律秃，美國能生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品爬橡，他們幾乎都能生產(chǎn)，美國能提供的服務(wù)棒动，他們也幾乎都能夠提供糙申。

假如美國與這些國家進(jìn)行自由貿(mào)易，它們低的多的工資產(chǎn)生的巨大影響就會把美國的平均工資往下拉船惨。據(jù)他推算柜裸，美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)仍然會增長，不過比應(yīng)有的增長速度要低粱锐。

選題二

烏干達(dá)渴望得到真正的發(fā)展疙挺，這種愿望不僅反映在小學(xué)生的笑臉上，而且還體現(xiàn)在那么多孩子在上學(xué)的現(xiàn)實(shí)中怜浅。自1997年政府開始普及小學(xué)教育以來铐然，小學(xué)在校總?cè)藬?shù)已從300萬增至2004年的760萬恶座。過去沒有學(xué)校的地方搀暑，現(xiàn)已開辦了學(xué)校，不過要把教育發(fā)展到國內(nèi)最貧困的地區(qū)跨琳，還要經(jīng)過一番努力自点。

烏干達(dá)在發(fā)展中等教育和高等教育方面也取得了進(jìn)展，甚至吸引了其他國家的許多學(xué)生前來就學(xué)脉让。在中等教育方面桂敛，在校人數(shù)現(xiàn)已超過70萬，大多數(shù)學(xué)校是民辦的侠鳄。如有學(xué)生想繼續(xù)深造埠啃，除4家公立大學(xué)外，還有12家私立大學(xué)伟恶，共7.5萬個名額碴开。人們認(rèn)為教育是戰(zhàn)勝貧困的重要一環(huán)，努力增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)也是重要的一環(huán)。然而潦牛，烏干達(dá)飽受疾病的拖累眶掌，如瘧疾、艾滋病等巴碗，增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)絕非一日之功朴爬。在這方面，要解決問題橡淆，必須一方面靠國際援助召噩，一方面政府要下決心，繼續(xù)撥款預(yù)防疾病逸爵，并加強(qiáng)宣傳公共衛(wèi)生知識具滴。

目前政府計(jì)劃包括招聘數(shù)千名護(hù)理人員，增加藥品供應(yīng)师倔，新建200所產(chǎn)科診所构韵。

財(cái)政部長杰拉爾德?森達(dá)烏拉說，烏干達(dá)人口的年增長率為百分之3.6趋艘，這樣高的增長率對消除貧困構(gòu)成特殊障礙疲恢。他還指出，烏干達(dá)平均每個女人生6.9孩子瓷胧，這一生育率是全非洲最高的显拳。

政府最近修訂過的《消除貧困行動計(jì)劃》將“恢復(fù)安全”列為政府當(dāng)前的首要任務(wù)。這是因?yàn)樗烙?jì)連年不斷的沖突已使烏干達(dá)的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值每年下降3個百分點(diǎn)抖单。流離失所的人們不僅是財(cái)政方面的負(fù)擔(dān)萎攒，也不能為發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)出力。

修訂過的《消除貧困行動計(jì)劃》列舉的其他重大事項(xiàng)還包括設(shè)法不斷提高最低收入矛绘，改進(jìn)教育質(zhì)量耍休，幫助人們最好地控制家庭人口，透明而有效地使用公共資源等货矮。這一文件值得其他貧困國家借鑒羊精。

Section 2: Chinese- English Translation(漢譯英)

(40 point)
The time for this section is 80 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation (必譯題)

(20 points)

礦產(chǎn)資源是自然資源的重要組成部分，是人類社會發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)囚玫。中國是世界上最早開發(fā)利用礦產(chǎn)資源的國家之一喧锦。過去50年，中國在礦產(chǎn)資源勘探開發(fā)方面取得巨大成就抓督。這為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)燃少、快速、健康發(fā)展提供了重要保障铃在。
中國政府高度重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展和礦產(chǎn)資源的合理利用阵具，把可持續(xù)發(fā)展確定為國家戰(zhàn)略碍遍，把保護(hù)資源作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要內(nèi)容。 中國是一個人口眾多阳液、資源相對不足的發(fā)展中國家怕敬。中國主要依靠本國的礦產(chǎn)資源來保障現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的需要。同時帘皿，中國又積極引進(jìn)國外資本和技術(shù)開發(fā)中國礦產(chǎn)資源东跪，利用國外市場與國外礦產(chǎn)資源，并努力推動中國礦山企業(yè)和礦產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場鹰溜。

Part B Optional Translations (二選一)

(20 points)

Topic 1(選題一)

眾所周知虽填，鳥無翅膀不能飛，人無雙腿不能走奉狈。但對尹小星而言卤唉，鳥無翅膀不能飛涩惑，人無雙腿卻能走!

1970年出生于江蘇一戶農(nóng)民家庭的尹小星仁期，出生僅8個月就患小兒麻痹癥并發(fā)急性肺炎。雖然最終保住了命竭恬，他卻再也不能站立跛蛋。因?yàn)樯眢w殘疾，初中畢業(yè)后小星不得不輟學(xué)痊硕。生存的壓力對他來說顯得格外沉重赊级，他販過水果，養(yǎng)過雞岔绸，還下功夫?qū)W習(xí)過中醫(yī)理逊。

在他21歲的時候，這個年輕人竟懷揣一幅地圖盒揉，手持一個指南針晋被，搖著輪椅踏上了走遍全中國的艱難路途。

近21年來小星手搖輪椅刚盈，足跡遍布31省羡洛、市、自治區(qū)藕漱，行程7萬多公里欲侮，用壞了4部輪椅。他實(shí)現(xiàn)了徒手攀登泰山肋联、華山威蕉、衡山等20多座名山，孤身翻越海拔5231米的唐古拉山橄仍，手搖輪椅走過絲綢之路韧涨，穿越塔克拉瑪干(Taklimakan)大沙漠，徒手攀登上海東方明珠電視塔，圓滿完成從沙漠到香港的旅行氓奈。

Topic 2 (選題二)

長城是世界一大奇跡∏唐牵現(xiàn)在，每年都有幾百萬人到長城游覽舀奶。在旺季暑竟，幾處最著名的景點(diǎn)總是讓成群結(jié)隊(duì)的游客擠得水泄不通。

中國人修筑城墻的歷史久遠(yuǎn)育勺，可以追溯到戰(zhàn)國時期但荤。歷史上，中國共修過大約20座長城涧至。在所有這些長城中腹躁，明長城最長，達(dá)到6700公里南蓬。在當(dāng)時纺非，中國技術(shù)在世界上處于領(lǐng)先地位，因此明長城的結(jié)構(gòu)也是最復(fù)雜的赘方。明長城的修筑是為了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵烧颖。

清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族窄陡，他們覺得沒有必要繼續(xù)修筑長城炕淮。不過，清政府還是頒布法令對長城進(jìn)行保護(hù)跳夭，禁止拆磚涂圆。但是，歲月的流逝和連續(xù)戰(zhàn)亂使人們易到之處遭到了嚴(yán)重的破壞币叹。 十幾年來润歉，蓬勃發(fā)展的旅游業(yè)促進(jìn)了長城的修繕工程。目前套硼，多處長城已經(jīng)修復(fù)卡辰，或正在修繕中。

Section 2: 漢譯英

(40分)

Part A (必譯題)

(20分)
Mineral resources are an important part of natural resources and an important material foundation for the development of human society. China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize resources.

Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of its mineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained, rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy. The Chinese Government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources. It has made sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy.

China is developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources. It depends mainly on the exploitation of its own mineral resources to meet the needs of its modernization program. Meanwhile, it has made energetic efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources, make use of foreign markets and foreign mineral resources, and strive to help its own mining enterprises and mineral products to enter the international market.

Part B 二選一題 (30分)

選題一

As everyone knows, birds cannot fly without wings and a person cannot walk without legs. But for Yin Xiaoxing, while birds cannot fly without wings, a person can walk even without legs!

Born in 1970 into a farmer’s family in Jiangsu Province, Yin Xiaoxing suffered from polio and acute pneumonia at the age of only eight months. He survived but lost the ability to stand on his feet. Because of his disability, Xiaoxing had to give up his study after junior middle school. The burden of life seemed to be especially heavy for him. He tried to make a living by selling fruits, raising chickens and taking pains to learn traditional Chinese medicine.

At the age of 21, this young man, with a map and a compass in hand, embarked on the hard journey of traveling around China in his wheelchair.

In the last 12 years, Yin Xiaoxing traveled a total of 70,000 kilometers in his wheelchair and left his footprints in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. During this period, he wore out four wheelchairs. He left a trail of human records including climbing more than 20 famous mountains like Mont Tai, Mount Hua and Mount Heng with his hands, crossing the 5,231-meter-high Mount Tanggula alone, traveling along the Silk Road in wheelchair, crossing the Taklimakan Desert, getting to the top of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in Shanghai with his hands, and completing the journey from the desert to Hong Kong.

選題二

The Great Wall is a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy seasons.

The Chinese have a long history of building walls, dating from the Warring States period. In history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty being the longest, extending 6,700 km. China was the most technologically advanced nation in the world then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to ward off the invasion of nomads from the north.

After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, since its founders were themselves nomads, they did not see a need to continue with wall building. Nonetheless, the Qing government did institute a law to preserve the wall, banning the removal of bricks from it. But, the impact of time and continuous wars have left the wall greatly damaged in its most accessible sections.

Over the past 10-plus years, the booming tourist industry has stimulated the Great wall’s renovation project. Now, many of its sections have been or are being revamped.